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Pine Script™ v5 User Manual v5 documentation
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Pine Script™ v5 User Manual
Table Of Contents
Welcome to Pine Script™ v5
Pine Script™ primer
Language
Execution model
Time series
Script structure
Identifiers
Operators
Variable declarations
Conditional structures
Loops
Type system
Built-ins
User-defined functions
Arrays
Objects
Concepts
Writing scripts
FAQ
Error messages
Release notes
Migration guides
Where can I get more information?
User Manual
Language
Language
¶
Execution model
Calculation based on historical bars
Calculation based on realtime bars
Events triggering the execution of a script
More information
Execution of Pine Script™ functions and historical context inside function blocks
Why this behavior?
Exceptions
Time series
Script structure
Version
Declaration statement
Code
Comments
Line wrapping
Compiler annotations
Identifiers
Operators
Introduction
Arithmetic operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
`?:` ternary operator
`[ ]` history-referencing operator
Operator precedence
`=` assignement operator
`:=` reassignement operator
Variable declarations
Introduction
Initialization with `na`
Tuple declarations
Variable reassignment
Declaration modes
On each bar
`var`
`varip`
Conditional structures
Introduction
`if` structure
`if` used for its side effects
`if` used to return a value
`switch` structure
`switch` with an expression
`switch` without an expression
Matching local block type requirement
Loops
Introduction
When loops are not needed
When loops are necessary
`for`
`while`
Type system
Introduction
Forms
Types
Using forms and types
Forms
Types
`na` value
Type templates
Type casting
Tuples
Built-ins
Introduction
Built-in variables
Built-in functions
User-defined functions
Introduction
Single-line functions
Multi-line functions
Scopes in the script
Functions that return multiple results
Limitations
Arrays
Introduction
Declaring arrays
Using the `var` keyword
Reading and writing array values
Looping through array elements
Scope
History referencing
Inserting and removing array elements
Inserting
Removing
Using an array as a stack
Using an array as a queue
Calculations on arrays
Manipulating arrays
Concatenation
Copying
Joining
Sorting
Reversing
Slicing
Searching arrays
Error handling
Index xx is out of bounds. Array size is yy
Cannot call array methods when ID of array is ‘na’
Array is too large. Maximum size is 100000
Cannot create an array with a negative size
Cannot use
shift()
if array is empty.
Cannot use
pop()
if array is empty.
Index ‘from’ should be less than index ‘to’
Slice is out of bounds of the parent array
Objects
Introduction
Creating objects
Changing field values
Collecting objects
Copying objects
Shadowing
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