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Telah dikemas kini Kondratieff Wave & Benner Business Cycles
Kondratieff Wave Theory
Description: The Kondratieff Wave, also known as K-Waves or Long Waves, is an economic theory that posits long-term cycles of approximately 40-60 years in capitalist economies. These cycles consist of four phases: Spring (expansion and recovery), Summer (prosperity and peak), Autumn (stagnation and recession), and Winter (depression and restructuring). The theory suggests that technological innovations and major economic shifts drive these waves, influencing periods of growth and decline over decades.
Creator Bio: Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kondratieff (1892–1938) was a Russian economist born in the Kostroma Governorate. He studied at the University of St. Petersburg and became a prominent figure in Soviet economics. Kondratieff developed his long-wave theory in the 1920s while analyzing historical economic data, publishing works like The Major Economic Cycles (1925). His ideas clashed with Soviet ideology, leading to his arrest in 1930 during Stalin’s purges. He was executed in 1938, but his work gained recognition posthumously, influencing modern economic cycle analysis.
Benner Cycle Theory
Description: The Benner Cycle, proposed by Samuel Benner, is a predictive model for business and commodity price cycles, focusing on shorter-term economic fluctuations. Benner identified recurring patterns in market peaks (highs), panics (crashes), and buying opportunities (lows), with cycles averaging 8-10 years for highs, 7-8 years for panics, and 8-9 years for buys. His theory, based on historical observations of U.S. markets, aimed to guide farmers and investors by forecasting periods of prosperity and distress.
Creator Bio: Samuel T. Benner (1830s–unknown) was an American farmer and businessman from Ohio, not a formally trained economist. After losing his fortune in the Panic of 1873, Benner turned to studying economic patterns. In 1875, he self-published Benner’s Prophecies of Future Ups and Downs in Prices, a book that charted cycles in pig iron prices and other commodities. His work gained a cult following among traders and remains studied for its empirical approach, despite Benner’s lack of academic credentials and limited biographical records.
Description: The Kondratieff Wave, also known as K-Waves or Long Waves, is an economic theory that posits long-term cycles of approximately 40-60 years in capitalist economies. These cycles consist of four phases: Spring (expansion and recovery), Summer (prosperity and peak), Autumn (stagnation and recession), and Winter (depression and restructuring). The theory suggests that technological innovations and major economic shifts drive these waves, influencing periods of growth and decline over decades.
Creator Bio: Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kondratieff (1892–1938) was a Russian economist born in the Kostroma Governorate. He studied at the University of St. Petersburg and became a prominent figure in Soviet economics. Kondratieff developed his long-wave theory in the 1920s while analyzing historical economic data, publishing works like The Major Economic Cycles (1925). His ideas clashed with Soviet ideology, leading to his arrest in 1930 during Stalin’s purges. He was executed in 1938, but his work gained recognition posthumously, influencing modern economic cycle analysis.
Benner Cycle Theory
Description: The Benner Cycle, proposed by Samuel Benner, is a predictive model for business and commodity price cycles, focusing on shorter-term economic fluctuations. Benner identified recurring patterns in market peaks (highs), panics (crashes), and buying opportunities (lows), with cycles averaging 8-10 years for highs, 7-8 years for panics, and 8-9 years for buys. His theory, based on historical observations of U.S. markets, aimed to guide farmers and investors by forecasting periods of prosperity and distress.
Creator Bio: Samuel T. Benner (1830s–unknown) was an American farmer and businessman from Ohio, not a formally trained economist. After losing his fortune in the Panic of 1873, Benner turned to studying economic patterns. In 1875, he self-published Benner’s Prophecies of Future Ups and Downs in Prices, a book that charted cycles in pig iron prices and other commodities. His work gained a cult following among traders and remains studied for its empirical approach, despite Benner’s lack of academic credentials and limited biographical records.
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Skrip dilindungi
Skrip ini diterbitkan sebagai sumber tertutup. Akan tetapi, anda boleh menggunakannya dengan percuma dan tanpa had – ketahui lebih lanjut di sini.
Penafian
Maklumat dan penerbitan adalah tidak dimaksudkan untuk menjadi, dan tidak membentuk, nasihat untuk kewangan, pelaburan, perdagangan dan jenis-jenis lain atau cadangan yang dibekalkan atau disahkan oleh TradingView. Baca dengan lebih lanjut di Terma Penggunaan.