Normalized Open InterestNormalized Open Interest (nOI) — Indicator Overview
What it does
Normalized Open Interest (nOI) transforms raw futures open-interest data into a 0-to-100 oscillator, so you can see at a glance whether participation is unusually high or low—similar in spirit to an RSI but applied to open interest. The script positions today’s OI inside a rolling high–low range and paints it with contextual colours.
Core logic
Data source – Loads the built-in “_OI” symbol that TradingView provides for the current market.
Rolling range – Looks back a user-defined number of bars (default 500) to find the highest and lowest OI in that window.
Normalization – Calculates
nOI = (OI – lowest) / (highest – lowest) × 100
so 0 equals the minimum of the window and 100 equals the maximum.
Visual cues – Plots the oscillator plus fixed horizontal levels at 70 % and 30 % (or your own numbers). The line turns teal above the upper level, red below the lower, and neutral grey in between.
User inputs
Window Length (bars) – How many candles the indicator scans for the high–low range; larger numbers smooth the curve, smaller numbers make it more reactive.
Upper Threshold (%) – Default 70. Anything above this marks potentially crowded or overheated interest.
Lower Threshold (%) – Default 30. Anything below this marks low or capitulating interest.
Practical uses
Spot extremes – Values above the upper line can warn that the long side is crowded; values below the lower line suggest disinterest or short-side crowding.
Confirm breakouts – A price breakout backed by a sharp rise in nOI signals genuine engagement.
Look for divergences – If price makes a new high but nOI does not, participation might be fading.
Combine with volume or RSI – Layer nOI with other studies to filter false signals.
Tips
On intraday charts for non-crypto symbols the script automatically fetches daily OI data to avoid gaps.
Adjust the thresholds to 80/20 or 60/40 to fit your market and risk preferences.
Alerts, shading, or additional signal logic can be added easily because the oscillator is already normalised.
Cari dalam skrip untuk "Futures"
Iceberg DetectorThis Pine-script indicator helps you spot potential “iceberg” order activity by highlighting bars where volume spikes well above its average while price movement remains unusually muted. It’s purely a heuristic—no true bid/ask or futures order‐flow data is used—so treat every signal as an invitation to investigate, not as a standalone buy/sell trigger.
How It Works • Volume vs. Volume-SMA: The script compares each bar’s total volume to an N-bar simple moving average. • Price Movement vs. Movement-SMA: It measures the bar’s percent change (|close–open|/open×100) against its own N-bar SMA. • Sensitivity Slider: From 1 (loose filter) to 10 (strict filter), you control how extreme the volume spike (and muted move) must be to fire a signal. • Pivot-Style Extremes Filter: Short signals only appear when price is at or very near a recent local high, and long signals only when price is at or very near a recent local low. This dramatically cuts down “noise” on lower timeframes—script execution halts on intraday charts below 1 H.
How to Use
Apply to an hourly (or higher) chart.
Tweak “Length” parameters for your preferred look-back on volume and movement SMAs.
Adjust “Sensitivity” from 1 (more signals, weaker divergences) up to 10 (very rare, extreme divergences).
Watch for red triangles above bars (Iceberg-Short) and green triangles below (Iceberg-Long).
Important Disclaimers • This is NOT a genuine order-flow or footprint tool—it only approximates delta by bar direction. • Always contextualize Short signals near the lower end of a range or support zone, and Long signals near the upper end of a range or resistance zone. • Use additional confirmation (price patterns, larger-timeframe pivots, traditional volume/price analysis) before risking real capital.
By combining volume spikes with muted price action at range extremes, you gain a fresh lens on where hidden large orders might be lurking—without needing a dedicated order-flow feed. Use it as an idea‐generator, not as gospel
LTF Volume markerLTF Volume Marker
Overview:
The LTF Volume Marker highlights candles that contain volume spikes on a lower timeframe (LTF), even while you are viewing a higher timeframe chart. It is designed to help identify hidden volume activity that may not be visible when aggregating candles.
This indicator is conceptually similar to a volume profile — but instead of showing distribution across price levels, it visualizes volume clusters within the structure of a sloped trend or time-based aggregation.
Key Features:
✅ Automatically detects high-volume candles on a user-defined lower timeframe
✅ Marks the price level of volume spikes using weighted average price (VWAP) within higher timeframe bars
✅ Supports both manual threshold and auto mode (which highlights top X% of volume candles in a selected range)
✅ Fully adjustable timeframe and date range
✅ Displays either a point or an area at the spike location or together
How It Works:
You define a Lower Timeframe (e.g. 1-minute) and optionally a threshold or use the auto mode to dynamically calculate it from past data.
On higher timeframes (e.g. 5-min, 15-min), the indicator looks inside each bar, finds all volume spikes, and plots the volume-weighted average price of those spikes.
If you are on the same timeframe as the LTF, it simply highlights candles with volume exceeding the threshold.
Use Cases:
Spotting hidden volume clusters inside trending moves
Validating support/resistance levels with underlying volume
Filtering false breakouts using intra-bar volume
Enhancing scalping and intraday setups by visualizing internal structure
Notes:
The indicator ignores future-looking data (lookahead=off) and only processes completed bars.
If the chart’s timeframe is lower than the selected LTF, the indicator will automatically disable itself.
Works best with aggregated symbols, such as futures or cryptocurrencies with high resolution data.
Yield Curve Regime Shading with LegendTakes two symbols (e.g. two futures contracts, two FX pairs, etc.) as inputs.
Calculates the “regime” as the sign of the change in their difference over an n‑period lookback.
Lets you choose whether you want to color the bars themselves or shade the background.
How it works
Inputs
symbolA, symbolB: the two tickers you’re comparing.
n: lookback in bars to measure the change in the spread.
mode: pick between “Shading” or “Candle Color”.
Data fetching
We use request.security() to pull each series at the chart’s timeframe.
Regime calculation
spread = priceA – priceB
spreadPrev = ta.valuewhen(not na(spread), spread , 0) (i.e. the spread n bars ago)
If spread > spreadPrev → bullish regime
If spread < spreadPrev → bearish regime
Plotting
Shading: apply bgcolor() in green/red.
Candle Color: use barcolor() to override the bar color.
Open Interest Footprint IQ [TradingIQ]Hello Traders!
Th e Open Interest Footprint IQ indicator is an advanced visualization tool designed for cryptocurrency markets. It provides a granular, real-time breakdown of open interest changes across different price levels, allowing traders to see how aggressive market participation is distributed within each bar.
Unlike standard footprint charts that rely solely on volume, this indicator offers unique insights by focusing on the interaction between price action and changes in open interest (OI) — a leading metric often used to infer trader intent and positioning.
How it works
The Open Interest Footprint IQ processes lower timeframe price and open interest data to build a footprint-style chart that shows how traders are positioning themselves within each candle.
Here’s a breakdown of the process:
1. Granular OI & Price Sampling
The script retrieves lower-timeframe data (1-minute, 1-second, or 1-tick, based on your setting).
For each candle, it captures:
High and low prices
Price change direction
Change in open interest (OI)
2. Classifying Trader Behavior
For each lower-timeframe segment, the indicator determines the type of positioning occurring based on price movement and OI change:
If price is moving up and open interest is increasing, it suggests that long positions are being opened. This is considered a "Longs Opening" event, labeled as UU (Up/Up).
If price is moving up but open interest is decreasing, it indicates that short positions are being closed. This is referred to as UD (Up/Down), or "Shorts Closing."
If price is moving down and open interest is increasing, it signals that short positions are being opened. This is known as DU (Down/Up), or "Shorts Opening."
If price is moving down while open interest is also decreasing, it means that long positions are being closed. This is labeled as DD (Down/Down), or "Longs Closing."
These are stored in separate arrays and displayed at specific price levels.
It is particularly useful for identifying:
Where longs or shorts are opening/closing positions
Stacked imbalances (indicative of potential absorption or exhaustion)
Value area zones and POC (Point of Control) based on OI, not volume
This footprint runs on your choice of sub-bar granularity and is ideal for high-frequency trading, scalping, and entries based on order flow dynamics.
Key Features
Footprint Visualization
At each price level within a candle:
Long/short opening and closing behavior is broken down.
Delta (net open interest change) is displayed both numerically and color-coded.
Optional gradient coloring shows intensity and type of flow (longs/shorts opened/closed).
Cumulative or per-bar reset modes allow you to track OI evolution over time.
The image above explains the information that each Footprint box shows across a candlestick!
Each footprint box shows:
OI Delta
OI Delta %
Longs Opened (LO)
Longs Closed (LC)
Shorts Opened (SO)
Shorts Closed (SC)
The image above explains the color-coding feature of the indicator.
Boxes are color coded to show which position action
dominated at the price area.
For this example:
Green boxes = Long positions being opened dominated
Purple boxes = Long positions being closed dominated
Red boxes = Short positions being opened dominated
Yellow boxes = Short positions being closed dominated
All colors are customizable.
Additionally, for traders who are only interested in whether OI increased/decreased, a "two-color" option is available in the settings.
For the two-color option, footprint boxes can be one of two colors. Showing whether OI increased or decreased at the level.
Cumulative Levels
Open Interest Footprint IQ contains a "Cumulative Levels" feature that tracks/stores open interest change at tick levels over time, rather than resetting per bar.
With the "Cumulative Levels" feature enabled, traders can see open interest changes persist across all candlesticks. This feature is useful for determining whether longs opening, longs closing, shorts opening, or shorts closing are dominating at particular price areas over time rather than on a single bar.
A useful feature to see if shorts/longs are favoring certain price throughout the day, week, month, etc.
Input Settings Explained
Granularity (Dropdown: Granularity)
Options: 1-Minute, 1-Second, 1-Tick
Determines how finely the script samples the lower timeframe data to construct the footprint.
For precision:
1-Tick = Highest accuracy, but more resource-intensive.
1-Second/1-Minute = Suitable for broader or more zoomed-out analysis.
Tick Level Distance (Tick Level Distance (0 = Auto))
Defines the vertical spacing between levels in the footprint chart.
If 0, the script uses an automatic calculation based on ATR to adapt to volatility.
Set a manual value (e.g., 5) to control the height granularity of each level in ticks.
Cumulative Levels (Toggle)
If enabled, the footprint builds cumulatively over time, rather than resetting per candle.
Use case: Visualize ongoing buildup of OI activity across a session or day.
Cumulative Levels Reset TF (Timeframe)
Sets the reset interval for the cumulative view (e.g., reset daily, hourly, etc.)
Works only when Cumulative Levels is enabled.
Delta Box Display Settings
Show Delta Percentage
Toggles the display of the percentage change in OI across the footprint level.
Helpful to gauge how aggressive positioning is relative to total OI at that level.
Show Longs/Shorts (Opened/Closed)
Show Longs Opened: Displays OI increase in up candles (price ↑, OI ↑).
Show Longs Closed: Displays OI decrease in down candles (price ↓, OI ↓).
Show Shorts Opened: OI increase in down candles (price ↓, OI ↑).
Show Shorts Closed: OI decrease in up candles (price ↑, OI ↓).
These behaviors are color-coded to give traders instant context:
Blue-green for longs opening.
Purple for longs closing.
Red for shorts opening.
Yellow for shorts closing.
Value Area & POC
Value Area % (Value Area %)
Controls how much cumulative open interest is used to define the value area.
Example: 70% means the smallest range of prices that contains 70% of total OI in that bar will be marked.
Helps identify zones of interest, support/resistance, and institutional levels.
The image above explains how to identify the VAH/VAL/POC shown by Open Interest Footprint IQ.
VAH = Upper 🞂
POC = ●
VAL = Lower 🞂
Imbalances
Imbalance Percentage
Defines the minimum delta % required at a level to be marked as an imbalance.
If the net open interest change at a level exceeds this threshold, a visual marker appears.
Stacked Imbalance Count
If the number of consecutive imbalance levels meets this count, a “Stacked Imbalance” alert will trigger.
This can signal aggressive buying or selling pressure, potential breakout zones, or institutional absorption.
Color Settings
Longs Opened / Closed, Shorts Opened / Closed
Customize the color palette for each order flow behavior.
These colors appear in the background gradient of the footprint boxes.
Up/Down Only Mode
Toggle to override all behavior-based colors with a single Up Color and Down Color.
Useful if you prefer a simple bull/bear view.
Up Color / Down Color
If "Up/Down Only" is enabled, these two colors are used to represent all net positive or negative deltas.
Special Notes
Crypto only: This script works only with crypto tickers on TradingView.
For other assets (stocks, futures), a warning message will appear instead.
OI data must be available from the exchange (many perpetual pairs support this).
If the footprint is too small or invisible, increase your tick level spacing in the settings.
Alerts
When a stacked imbalance is detected, an alert is fired ("Stacked Imbalance").
This feature is useful for automated systems, bots, or simply staying informed of potential trade setups.
And that's all for now!
If you have any questions or features you'd like to see feel free to share them in the comments below!
Thank you traders!
Candle Closer Levels & TP Zones📝 Description:
This indicator is designed to provide intrabar trade levels for high-speed execution strategies, such as scalping and intraday momentum trading.
🧩 Key Features:
Plots High, Low, Mid, and two Quarter Levels on the current candle only, keeping charts clean
Take Profit (TP) lines are calculated as a percentage of candle range, not fixed ticks — this makes it highly adaptable for futures like NQ/ES or volatile markets like crypto
Supports both long and short setups via a simple toggle
Customizable colors, line thickness, and length
Each TP level can be enabled or muted individually
📈 Use Case:
Apply this tool to spot candle-based breakouts or rejections. You can scale TPs dynamically based on the strength of the current candle. This is especially helpful in assets where volatility fluctuates greatly intrabar.
This is not a repackaged built-in indicator — it’s purpose-built for real-time tactical level plotting without historical noise.
LilSpecCodes1. Killzone Background Highlighting:
It highlights 4 key market sessions:
Killzone Time (EST) Color
Silver Bullet 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Light Blue
London Killzone 2:00 AM – 5:00 AM Light Green
NY PM Killzone 1:30 PM – 4:00 PM Light Purple
Asia Open 7:00 PM – 11:00 PM Light Red
These are meant to help you focus during high-probability trading times.
__________________________________________________
2. Previous Day High/Low (PDH/PDL):
Plots green line = PDH
Plots red line = PDL
Tracks the current day’s session high/low and sets it as PDH/PDL on a new trading day
CHANGES WITH ETH/RTH
3. Inside Bar Marker:
Plots a small black triangle under bars where the high is lower than the previous bar’s high and the low is higher than the previous bar’s low (inside bars)
Useful for spotting potential breakout or continuation setups
4. Vertical Time Markers (White Dashed Lines)
Time (EST) Label
4:00 AM End of London Silver Bullet
9:30 AM NYSE Open
10:00 AM Start of NY Silver Bullet
11:00 AM End of NY Silver Bullet
11:30 AM (Customizable Input)
3:00 PM PM Killzone Ends
3:15 PM Futures Market Close
7:15 PM Asia Session Watch
Multi-Session MarkerMulti-Session Marker is a flexible visual tool for traders who want to highlight up to 10 custom trading sessions directly on their chart’s background.
Custom Sessions: Enter up to 10 time ranges (in HHMM-HHMM format) to mark any market session, news window, or personal focus period.
Visual Clarity: For each session, toggle the highlight on or off and select a unique background color and opacity, making it easy to distinguish active trading windows at a glance.
Universal Time Handling: Session times automatically follow your chart’s time zone—no manual adjustment required.
Efficient and Fast: Utilizes TradingView’s bgcolor() for smooth performance, even on fast timeframes like 1-second charts.
Clean Interface: All session controls are grouped for easy editing in the indicator’s settings panel.
How to use:
In the indicator settings, enter your desired session times (e.g., 0930-1130) for each session you want to highlight.
Toggle “Show Session” and pick a color for each session.
The background will automatically highlight those periods on your chart.
This indicator is ideal for day traders, futures traders, or anyone who wants to visually segment their trading day for better focus and analysis.
Long/Short/Exit/Risk management Strategy # LongShortExit Strategy Documentation
## Overview
The LongShortExit strategy is a versatile trading system for TradingView that provides complete control over entry, exit, and risk management parameters. It features a sophisticated framework for managing long and short positions with customizable profit targets, stop-loss mechanisms, partial profit-taking, and trailing stops. The strategy can be enhanced with continuous position signals for visual feedback on the current trading state.
## Key Features
### General Settings
- **Trading Direction**: Choose to trade long positions only, short positions only, or both.
- **Max Trades Per Day**: Limit the number of trades per day to prevent overtrading.
- **Bars Between Trades**: Enforce a minimum number of bars between consecutive trades.
### Session Management
- **Session Control**: Restrict trading to specific times of the day.
- **Time Zone**: Specify the time zone for session calculations.
- **Expiration**: Optionally set a date when the strategy should stop executing.
### Contract Settings
- **Contract Type**: Select from common futures contracts (MNQ, MES, NQ, ES) or custom values.
- **Point Value**: Define the dollar value per point movement.
- **Tick Size**: Set the minimum price movement for accurate calculations.
### Visual Signals
- **Continuous Position Signals**: Implement 0 to 1 visual signals to track position states.
- **Signal Plotting**: Customize color and appearance of position signals.
- **Clear Visual Feedback**: Instantly see when entry conditions are triggered.
### Risk Management
#### Stop Loss and Take Profit
- **Risk Type**: Choose between percentage-based, ATR-based, or points-based risk management.
- **Percentage Mode**: Set SL/TP as a percentage of entry price.
- **ATR Mode**: Set SL/TP as a multiple of the Average True Range.
- **Points Mode**: Set SL/TP as a fixed number of points from entry.
#### Advanced Exit Features
- **Break-Even**: Automatically move stop-loss to break-even after reaching specified profit threshold.
- **Trailing Stop**: Implement a trailing stop-loss that follows price movement at a defined distance.
- **Partial Profit Taking**: Take partial profits at predetermined price levels:
- Set first partial exit point and percentage of position to close
- Set second partial exit point and percentage of position to close
- **Time-Based Exit**: Automatically exit a position after a specified number of bars.
#### Win/Loss Streak Management
- **Streak Cutoff**: Automatically pause trading after a series of consecutive wins or losses.
- **Daily Reset**: Option to reset streak counters at the start of each day.
### Entry Conditions
- **Source and Value**: Define the exact price source and value that triggers entries.
- **Equals Condition**: Entry signals occur when the source exactly matches the specified value.
### Performance Analytics
- **Real-Time Stats**: Track important performance metrics like win rate, P&L, and largest wins/losses.
- **Visual Feedback**: On-chart markers for entries, exits, and important events.
### External Integration
- **Webhook Support**: Compatible with TradingView's webhook alerts for automated trading.
- **Cross-Platform**: Connect to external trading systems and notification platforms.
- **Custom Order Execution**: Implement advanced order flows through external services.
## How to Use
### Setup Instructions
1. Add the script to your TradingView chart.
2. Configure the general settings based on your trading preferences.
3. Set session trading hours if you only want to trade specific times.
4. Select your contract specifications or customize for your instrument.
5. Configure risk parameters:
- Choose your preferred risk management approach
- Set appropriate stop-loss and take-profit levels
- Enable advanced features like break-even, trailing stops, or partial profit taking as needed
6. Define entry conditions:
- Select the price source (such as close, open, high, or an indicator)
- Set the specific value that should trigger entries
### Entry Condition Examples
- **Example 1**: To enter when price closes exactly at a whole number:
- Long Source: close
- Long Value: 4200 (for instance, to enter when price closes exactly at 4200)
- **Example 2**: To enter when an indicator reaches a specific value:
- Long Source: ta.rsi(close, 14)
- Long Value: 30 (triggers when RSI equals exactly 30)
### Best Practices
1. **Always backtest thoroughly** before using in live trading.
2. **Start with conservative risk settings**:
- Small position sizes
- Reasonable stop-loss distances
- Limited trades per day
3. **Monitor and adjust**:
- Use the performance table to track results
- Adjust parameters based on how the strategy performs
4. **Consider market volatility**:
- Use ATR-based stops during volatile periods
- Use fixed points during stable markets
## Continuous Position Signals Implementation
The LongShortExit strategy can be enhanced with continuous position signals to provide visual feedback about the current position state. These signals can help you track when the strategy is in a long or short position.
### Adding Continuous Position Signals
Add the following code to implement continuous position signals (0 to 1):
```pine
// Continuous position signals (0 to 1)
var float longSignal = 0.0
var float shortSignal = 0.0
// Update position signals based on your indicator's conditions
longSignal := longCondition ? 1.0 : 0.0
shortSignal := shortCondition ? 1.0 : 0.0
// Plot continuous signals
plot(longSignal, title="Long Signal", color=#00FF00, linewidth=2, transp=0, style=plot.style_line)
plot(shortSignal, title="Short Signal", color=#FF0000, linewidth=2, transp=0, style=plot.style_line)
```
### Benefits of Continuous Position Signals
- Provides clear visual feedback of current position state (long/short)
- Signal values stay consistent (0 or 1) until condition changes
- Can be used for additional calculations or alert conditions
- Makes it easier to track when entry conditions are triggered
### Using with Custom Indicators
You can adapt the continuous position signals to work with any custom indicator by replacing the condition with your indicator's logic:
```pine
// Example with moving average crossover
longSignal := fastMA > slowMA ? 1.0 : 0.0
shortSignal := fastMA < slowMA ? 1.0 : 0.0
```
## Webhook Integration
The LongShortExit strategy is fully compatible with TradingView's webhook alerts, allowing you to connect your strategy to external trading platforms, brokers, or custom applications for automated trading execution.
### Setting Up Webhooks
1. Create an alert on your chart with the LongShortExit strategy
2. Enable the "Webhook URL" option in the alert dialog
3. Enter your webhook endpoint URL (from your broker or custom trading system)
4. Customize the alert message with relevant information using TradingView variables
### Webhook Message Format Example
```json
{
"strategy": "LongShortExit",
"action": "{{strategy.order.action}}",
"price": "{{strategy.order.price}}",
"quantity": "{{strategy.position_size}}",
"time": "{{time}}",
"ticker": "{{ticker}}",
"position_size": "{{strategy.position_size}}",
"position_value": "{{strategy.position_value}}",
"order_id": "{{strategy.order.id}}",
"order_comment": "{{strategy.order.comment}}"
}
```
### TradingView Alert Condition Examples
For effective webhook automation, set up these alert conditions:
#### Entry Alert
```
{{strategy.position_size}} != {{strategy.position_size}}
```
#### Exit Alert
```
{{strategy.position_size}} < {{strategy.position_size}} or {{strategy.position_size}} > {{strategy.position_size}}
```
#### Partial Take Profit Alert
```
strategy.order.comment contains "Partial TP"
```
### Benefits of Webhook Integration
- **Automated Trading**: Execute trades automatically through supported brokers
- **Cross-Platform**: Connect to custom trading bots and applications
- **Real-Time Notifications**: Receive trade signals on external platforms
- **Data Collection**: Log trade data for further analysis
- **Custom Order Management**: Implement advanced order types not available in TradingView
### Compatible External Applications
- Trading bots and algorithmic trading software
- Custom order execution systems
- Discord, Telegram, or Slack notification systems
- Trade journaling applications
- Risk management platforms
### Implementation Recommendations
- Test webhook delivery using a free service like webhook.site before connecting to your actual trading system
- Include authentication tokens or API keys in your webhook URL or payload when required by your external service
- Consider implementing confirmation mechanisms to verify trade execution
- Log all webhook activities for troubleshooting and performance tracking
## Strategy Customization Tips
### For Scalping
- Set smaller profit targets (1-3 points)
- Use tighter stop-losses
- Enable break-even feature after small profit
- Set higher max trades per day
### For Day Trading
- Use moderate profit targets
- Implement partial profit taking
- Enable trailing stops
- Set reasonable session trading hours
### For Swing Trading
- Use longer-term charts
- Set wider stops (ATR-based often works well)
- Use higher profit targets
- Disable daily streak reset
## Common Troubleshooting
### Low Win Rate
- Consider widening stop-losses
- Verify that entry conditions aren't triggering too frequently
- Check if the equals condition is too restrictive; consider small tolerances
### Missing Obvious Trades
- The equals condition is extremely precise. Price must exactly match the specified value.
- Consider using floating-point precision for more reliable triggers
### Frequent Stop-Outs
- Try ATR-based stops instead of fixed points
- Increase the stop-loss distance
- Enable break-even feature to protect profits
## Important Notes
- The exact equals condition is strict and may result in fewer trade signals compared to other conditions.
- For instruments with decimal prices, exact equality might be rare. Consider the precision of your value.
- Break-even and trailing stop calculations are based on points, not percentage.
- Partial take-profit levels are defined in points distance from entry.
- The continuous position signals (0 to 1) provide valuable visual feedback but don't affect the strategy's trading logic directly.
- When implementing continuous signals, ensure they're aligned with the actual entry conditions used by the strategy.
---
*This strategy is for educational and informational purposes only. Always test thoroughly before using with real funds.*
MNQ/NQ Risk Management ToolThis tool helps MNQ and NQ futures traders automatically calculate position size based on either a fixed dollar risk or a percentage of account balance.
Simply enter your stop loss level and choose whether to risk a set dollar amount or a percentage of your account. The script will display how many contracts to trade based on your setup.
Features:
Calculates contracts based on stop loss and risk size
Toggle between dollar-based or percent-of-account risk
Works with both MNQ ($2/point) and NQ ($20/point)
Automatically updates based on current price and direction (long or short)
Displays a clean info box on your chart with risk, contracts, and settings
This tool is ideal for intraday or swing traders who want to stay consistent with risk management across trades.
5DMA Optional HMA Entry📈 5DMA Optional HMA Entry Signal – Precision-Based Momentum Trigger
Category: Trend-Following / Reversal Timing / Entry Optimization
🔍 Overview:
The 5DMA Optional HMA Entry indicator is a refined price-action entry tool built for traders who rely on clean trend alignment and precise timing. This script identifies breakout-style entry points when price gains upward momentum relative to short-term moving averages — specifically the 5-day Simple Moving Average (5DMA) and an optional Hull Moving Average (HMA).
Whether you're swing trading stocks, scalping ETFs like UVXY or VXX, or looking for pullback recovery entries, this tool helps time your long entries with clarity and flexibility.
⚙️ Core Logic:
Primary Condition (Always On):
🔹 Close must be above the 5DMA – ensuring upward short-term momentum is confirmed.
Optional Condition (Toggled by User):
🔹 Close above the HMA – adds slope-responsive trend filtering for smoother setups. Enable or disable via checkbox.
Bonus Entry Filter (Optional):
🔹 Green Candle Wick Breakout – optional pattern logic that detects bullish momentum when the high pierces above both MAs, with a green body.
Reset Mechanism:
🔁 Signal resets only after price closes back below all active MAs (5DMA and HMA if enabled), reducing noise and avoiding repeated signals during chop.
🧠 Why This Works:
This indicator captures the kind of setups that professional traders look for:
Momentum crossovers without chasing late.
Mean reversion snapbacks that align with fresh bullish moves.
Avoids premature entries by requiring clear structure above moving averages.
Optional HMA filter allows adaptability: turn it off during choppy markets or range conditions, and on during trending environments.
🔔 Features:
✅ Adjustable HMA Length
✅ Enable/Disable HMA Filter
✅ Optional Green Wick Breakout Detection
✅ Visual “Buy” label plotted below qualifying bars
✅ Real-time Alert Conditions for automated trading or manual alerts
🎯 Use Cases:
VIX-based ETFs (e.g., UVXY, VXX): Catch early breakouts aligned with volatility spikes.
Growth Stocks: Time pullback entries during bullish runs.
Futures/Indices: Combine with macro levels for intraday scalps or swing setups.
Overlay on Trend Filters: Combine with RSI, MACD, or VWAP for confirmation.
🛠️ Recommended Settings:
For smooth setups in volatile names, use:
HMA Length: 20
Keep green wick filter ON
For fast momentum trades, disable the HMA filter to act on 5DMA alone.
⭐ Final Thoughts:
This script is built to serve both systematic traders and discretionary scalpers who want actionable signals without noise or lag. The toggleable HMA feature lets you adjust sensitivity depending on market conditions — a key edge in adapting to volatility cycles.
Perfect for those who value clean, non-repainting entries rooted in logical structure.
Trend Blend
Trend blend is my new indicator. I use it to identify my bias when trading and filter out fake setups that are going in the wrong direction.
Trend blend utilises the 9 EMA (Red), 21 EMA (Black), and if you trade futures or Bitcoin, you can also use the VWAP (Blue).
There is also a table at the top right that displays the chart time frame bias
I prefer to use the 1-hour time frame for bias and execute the trades on 5-minute charts, mainly, and sometimes on the 1-minute for a smaller stoploss.
Here's an example of the trade I took during the London session on XAU/USD
1 hour bias was Bearish
Price broke out of the range
I waited for the London session to open, where I ended up taking a short on the 5-minute time frame as we broke out of the pre-London range
Entry was at the Fair Value Gap (5-minute bias was also Bearish as price traded into the FVG)
Stoploss was at the last high
Take Profit was the next major support level
Another set that I like to trade with the Trend blend is when price is trending bullish and price trades inside the 9 and 21 EMA, and there is a bullish candle closer above the 9 EMA with Stoploss below the low of the bullish candle and Take profit between 1-2 Risk to Reward
Same when there's a bearish trend, I wait for price to trade inside the 9 and 21 EMA, and I'll take sells when a bearish candle closes below the 9 EMA.
This setup works best in strong trends, or it can be used to enter a trade on a pullback or to scale into an existing trade.
ORB Breakout Indicator - NQ1!The purpose of this indicator is to assist traders in rapidly identifying high-probability Opening Range Breakout (ORB) setups on the NQ1! 1-minute time frame (Nasdaq Futures)
Key Features:
Opening Range: Automatically plots the high and low of the 1st 15min of the (NYSE session) (09:30–09:45 EST)
Breakout Signals : Illustrates the first candle that breaks upward or downward and:
Green arrow for a bullish breakout
Red arrow for a bearish breakout
Clean Visuals: Dynamic lines show the high and low of the ORB window for easy reference.
(DON'T USE THIS ONLY FOR ENTRY SIGNALS, PAIR THIS WITH OTHER INFLUENCES TO GET HIGH PROBABILITY BREAKOUTS)
Worldwide Sessions and Open Range BreakoutThis script shows when the various normal market hours for each of the major worldwide markets (Asia, New York, and London). It also draws a line on the opening range for each of these market sessions. The opening range defaults to the first 15 minutes of the session, but this can be customized.
This script does automatically handle the session times regardless of your time zone or what time frame you are on. No need to set anything! This probably can't handle non-normal trading days, such as partial days.
This script is made for futures, but would likely work for other markets, like Forex.
Intra_Candle_Welding by Chaitu50cIntra Candle Welding by Chaitu50c
This is a professional price action–based indicator designed to automatically detect and visualize *intra-candle reversal zones* using simple yet powerful logic. It highlights price levels where two consecutive opposite candles meet with a high probability of short-term market reaction.
Concept
The indicator identifies potential intraday support and resistance levels based on the "Intra Candle Welding" concept: when the close of one candle is very close to the open of the next candle, and the two candles have opposite directions (bullish followed by bearish, or bearish followed by bullish). These levels often attract market attention due to order flow imbalance created during such transitions.
How It Works
1. The indicator continuously monitors each new candle and checks if the current open is approximately equal to the previous close, within a configurable buffer.
2. It further ensures that the two candles form an opposite pair (green→red or red→green).
3. When a valid pair is detected, the indicator checks for existing active lines near this level. If no active line exists within the defined tolerance, it draws a new horizontal line at the detected level.
4. Each line is classified as either a potential resistance (from green→red pair) or support (from red→green pair).
5. Lines automatically extend rightward and update with each bar. If price breaks through the line beyond a configurable break buffer, the line stops extending and is visually marked as "broken."
6. The indicator intelligently manages the maximum number of lines on the chart by deleting the oldest ones when the limit is exceeded.
Use Case
Traders can use this tool to identify short-term reaction zones and potential intraday turning points. The highlighted levels act as temporary support and resistance areas where price frequently reacts. It is especially useful in fast-moving or volatile markets such as index futures or liquid stocks.
Features
* Automatically detects intra-candle reversal zones.
* Classifies zones as support (bottom) or resistance (top).
* Automatically updates and breaks lines when invalidated by price action.
* Adjustable parameters for flexibility:
* Equality Buffer
* Max Lines to Keep
* Line Suppression Tolerance
* Initial Extend Bars
* Break Buffer
* Line colors, widths, and styles (active and broken states)
* Efficient memory handling with capped line count.
* Minimalist and clean visual representation, suitable for overlay on any chart.
Recommended Settings
* Works best on intraday timeframes (1 min to 15 min).
* Tune the Equality Buffer and Tolerance parameters based on instrument volatility.
* Use conservative Break Buffer to avoid premature line invalidation.
Disclaimer
This is a tool to support discretionary trading decisions. It is not a standalone buy/sell signal generator. Users are advised to combine it with their own market context and risk management framework.
This indicator is released for the TradingView community for educational and practical trading use.
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TradeQUO Herrick Payoff RSIHerrick Payoff Index RSI (HPI-RSI) with Signal Line
An advanced oscillator that measures market strength not just by price, but by "smart money flow."
This indicator is not a typical RSI. Instead of applying the Relative Strength Index to price alone, it calculates it on the cumulative Herrick Payoff Index (HPI) . This creates a unique oscillator that reflects the underlying sentiment and capital flow in the market.
What is the Herrick Payoff Index (HPI)?
The HPI is a classic sentiment indicator that combines three crucial elements to determine if money is flowing into or out of an asset:
Price Change: The direction and momentum of the market.
Trading Volume: The conviction behind the price movement.
Open Interest (OI): The total number of open contracts (mainly in futures), which indicates if new capital is entering the market.
By combining these factors, the HPI provides a more comprehensive picture of market strength than indicators based solely on price.
How This Indicator Works
The script follows a logical, multi-step process:
It calculates the raw Herrick Payoff Index for each bar.
It creates a cumulative sum of this index to generate a continuous money flow value.
This cumulative value is smoothed with a short-period EMA to reduce noise.
The RSI is then applied to this smoothed HPI value.
An additional, configurable signal line (moving average) is added to facilitate trading signals.
Interpretation and Application
You can use this indicator much like a standard RSI, but with the added context of money flow:
Overbought/Oversold: Values above 70 suggest an overbought condition, while values below 30 signal an oversold condition.
Signal Line Crossovers: A cross of the HPI-RSI line above the signal line can be seen as a bullish signal. A cross below can be seen as a bearish signal.
Divergences: Look for divergences between the indicator and the price. A bullish divergence (price makes a lower low, indicator makes a higher low) can indicate an upcoming move to the upside. A bearish divergence (price makes a higher high, indicator makes a lower high) can signal a potential move to the downside.
Settings
The indicator has been deliberately kept simple:
HPI Smoothing Length: Smoothing length (1-5) for the cumulative HPI.
RSI Length: The lookback period for the RSI calculation.
Signal Line Settings: Here you can enable/disable the signal line and customize its type and length.
Display Settings: Adjust the colors of the RSI and signal lines to your preference.
This indicator is a tool for analysis and should always be used in combination with other methods and a solid risk management strategy. Happy trading!
Open Interest-RSI + Funding + Fractal DivergencesIndicator — “Open Interest-RSI + Funding + Fractal Divergences”
A multi-factor oscillator that fuses Open-Interest RSI, real-time Funding-Rate data and price/OI fractal divergences.
It paints BUY/SELL arrows in its own pane and directly on the price chart, helping you spot spots where crowd positioning, leverage costs and price action contradict each other.
1 Purpose
OI-RSI – measures conviction behind position changes instead of price momentum.
Funding Rate – shows who pays to hold positions (longs → bull bias, shorts → bear bias).
Fractal Divergences – detects HH/LL in price that are not confirmed by OI-RSI.
Optional Funding filter – hides signals when funding is already extreme.
Together these elements highlight exhaustion points and potential mean-reversion trades.
2 Inputs
RSI / Divergence
RSI length – default 14.
High-OI level / Low-OI level – default 70 / 30.
Fractal period n – default 2 (swing width).
Fractals to compare – how many past swings to scan, default 3.
Max visible arrows – keeps last 50 BUY/SELL arrows for speed.
Funding Rate
mode – choose FR, Avg Premium, Premium Index, Avg Prem + PI or FR-candle.
Visual scale (×) – multiplies raw funding to fit 0-100 oscillator scale (default 10).
specify symbol – enable only if funding symbol differs from chart.
use lower tf – averages 1-min premiums for smoother intraday view.
show table – tiny two-row widget at chart edge.
Signal Filter
Use Funding filter – ON hides long signals when funding > Buy-threshold and short signals when funding < Sell-threshold.
BUY threshold (%) – default 0.00 (raw %).
SELL threshold (%) – default 0.00 (raw %).
(Enter funding thresholds as raw percentages, e.g. 0.01 = +0.01 %).
3 Visual Outputs
Sub-pane
Aqua OI-RSI curve with 70 / 50 / 30 reference lines.
Funding visualised according to selected mode (green above 0, red below 0, or other).
BUY / SELL arrows at oscillator extremes.
Price chart
Identical BUY / SELL arrows plotted with force_overlay = true above/below candles that formed qualifying fractals.
Optional table
Shows current asset ticker and latest funding value of the chosen mode.
4 Signal Logic (Summary)
Load _OI series and compute RSI.
Retrieve Funding-Rate + Premium Index (optionally from lower TF).
Find fractal swings (n bars left & right).
Check divergence:
Bearish – price HH + OI-RSI LH.
Bullish – price LL + OI-RSI HL.
If Funding-filter enabled, require funding < Buy-thr (long) or > Sell-thr (short).
Plot arrows and trigger two built-in alerts (Bearish OI-RSI divergence, Bullish OI-RSI divergence).
Signals are fixed once the fractal bar closes; they do not repaint afterwards.
5 How to Use
Attach to a liquid perpetual-futures chart (BTC, ETH, major Binance contracts).
If _OI or funding series is missing you’ll see an error.
Choose timeframe:
15 m – 4 h for intraday;
1 D+ for swing trades.
Lower TFs → more signals; raise Fractals to compare or use Funding filter to trim noise.
Trade checklist
Funding positive and rising → longs overcrowded.
Price makes higher high; OI-RSI makes lower high; Funding above Sell-threshold → consider short.
Reverse logic for longs.
Combine with trend filter (EMA ribbon, SuperTrend, etc.) so you fade only when price is stretched.
Automation – set TradingView alerts on the two alertconditions and send to webhooks/bots.
Performance tips
Keep Max visible arrows ≤ 50.
Disable lower-TF premium aggregation if script feels heavy.
6 Limitations
Some symbols lack _OI or funding history → script stops with a console message.
Binance Premium Index begins mid-2020; older dates show na.
Divergences confirm only after n bars (no forward repaint).
7 Changelog
v1.0 – 10 Jun 2025
Initial public release.
Added price-chart arrows via force_overlay.
DeltaStrike — Aggressive Candle Detector by Chaitu50cDeltaStrike — Aggressive Candle Detector
by Chaitu50c
DeltaStrike is a simple and effective tool designed to help traders identify the most aggressive candles on the chart in real time. It works purely on price action and internal candle dynamics, with no reliance on lagging indicators.
The indicator combines delta (directional strength), candle range, and volume to compute an overall aggressiveness score for each candle. When this score exceeds a dynamic threshold based on recent market behavior, the candle is marked as an aggressive move.
Aggressive bullish candles are plotted as green diamonds below the candle, while aggressive bearish candles are plotted as red diamonds above the candle. The goal is to help traders visually spot moments of strong directional pressure, where potential trends or reversals may emerge.
The detection logic adapts automatically to changing market volatility and volume, making it suitable for all instruments and timeframes, including index futures, equities, and forex.
An integrated dashboard on the chart displays live readings of the key components contributing to each candle’s aggressiveness score: delta ratio, range ratio, and volume ratio. This helps traders understand the internal structure of each aggressive move.
Features:
Dynamic aggressiveness detection based on delta, range, and volume
Adaptive threshold for consistent behavior across timeframes and instruments
Clean chart output with clear diamond markers only on selected candles
Live dashboard with internal metrics for advanced analysis
Simple, lightweight, and optimized for intraday and swing trading
Works with any instrument: index, equity, forex, commodity
DeltaStrike is intended as an objective visual aid to help traders focus on genuine moments of strong market intent, filtering out ordinary or passive price movement. It can be used standalone or in combination with your existing trading strategy.
P&L Entry Zone Marker (clean)This indicator is a simple visual calculator for futures traders.
It helps you track your long and short entry zones based on position size and average price.
🔹 Green line – recalculated long entry after averaging down.
🔹 Red line – short entry point.
You can manually input your initial entry, volume, averaging volume, and averaging price.
The script calculates your new average entry for long positions and plots both lines as full horizontal levels across the chart.
✳️ Useful for:
Visualizing break-even zones
Planning P&L zones for hedged positions
Quickly aligning your trades with market structure
✅ Clean version — no labels, just lines.
📉 Works on all symbols and timeframes.
VWAP Supply & Demand Zones PRO**Overview:**
This script represents a major evolution of the original "VWAP Supply and Demand Zones" indicator. Initially created to explore price interaction with VWAP, it has now matured into a robust and feature-rich tool for identifying high-probability zones of institutional buying and selling pressure. The update introduces volume and momentum validation, dynamic zone management, alert logic, and a visual dashboard (HUD) — all designed for improved precision and clarity. The structural improvements, anti-repainting logic, and significant added utility warranted releasing this as a new script rather than a minor update.
---
### What It Does:
This indicator dynamically detects **supply and demand zones** using VWAP-based logic combined with **volume** and **momentum confirmation**. When price crosses VWAP with strength, it identifies the potential zone of excess demand (below VWAP) or supply (above VWAP), marking it visually with colored regions on the chart.
Each zone is extended for a user-defined duration, monitored for touch interactions (tests), and tracked for possible breaks. The script helps traders interpret price behavior around these institutional zones as either **reversal** opportunities or **continuation** confirmation depending on context and strategy preference.
---
### How It Works:
* **VWAP Basis**: Zones are anchored at VWAP at the time of a significant cross.
* **Volume & Momentum Filters**: Crosses are only considered valid if backed by above-average volume and notable price momentum.
* **Zone Drawing**: Validated supply and demand zones are drawn as boxes on the chart. Each is extended forward for a customizable number of bars.
* **Touch Counting**: Zones track the number of price touches. Alerts are issued after a user-defined number of tests.
* **Break Detection**: If price closes significantly beyond a zone boundary, the zone is marked as broken and visually dimmed.
* **Visual Dashboard (HUD)**: A compact real-time HUD displays VWAP value, active zone counts, and current market bias.
---
### How to Use It:
**Reversal Trading:**
* Look for price **rejecting** a zone after touching it.
* Use rejection candles or secondary indicators (e.g., RSI divergence) to confirm.
* These setups may offer low-risk entries when price respects the zone.
**Continuation Trading:**
* A **break of a zone** suggests strong directional bias.
* Use confirmed zone breaks to enter in the direction of momentum.
* Ideal in trending environments, especially with high volume and ATR movement.
---
### Key Inputs:
* **VWAP Length**: Moving VWAP period (default: 20)
* **Zone Width %**: Percentage size of zone buffer (default: 0.5%)
* **Min Touches**: How many times price must test a zone before alerts trigger
* **Zone Extension**: How far into the future zones are projected
* **Volume & ATR Filters**: Ensure only strong, valid crossovers create zones
---
### Alerts:
You can enable alerts for:
* **New zone creation**
* **Zone tests (after minimum touch count)**
* **Zone breaks**
* **VWAP crosses**
* **Active presence inside a zone (entry conditions)**
These alerts help automate market monitoring, making it suitable for discretionary or systematic workflows.
---
### Why It's a New Script:
This is not a cosmetic update. The internal logic, signal generation, filtering methodology, visual engine, and UX framework have been entirely rebuilt from the ground up. The result is a highly adaptive, precision-oriented tool — appropriate for intraday scalpers and swing traders alike. It goes far beyond the original in terms of functionality and reliability, justifying a fresh release.
---
### Suitable Markets and Timeframes:
* Works across all liquid markets (crypto, equities, futures, forex)
* Best used on timeframes where volume data is stable (5m and above recommended)
* Recalibrate inputs for optimal detection across instruments
Session Status Table📌 Session Status Table
Session Status Table is an indicator that displays the real-time status of the four major trading sessions:
* 🇯🇵 Asia (Tokyo)
* 🇬🇧 London
* 🇺🇸 New York AM
* 🇺🇸 New York PM
It shows which sessions are currently open, how much time remains until they open or close, and optionally sends alerts in advance.
🧩 Features:
* Real-time session table — shows the status of each session on the chart.
* Color-coded statuses:
* 🟢 Green – Session is open
* 🔴 Red – Session is closed
* ⚪ Gray – Weekend
* Countdown timers until session open or close.
* User alerts — receive a notification a custom number of minutes before a session starts.
⚙️ Customization:
* Table position — fully configurable.
* Session colors — customizable for open, closed, and weekend states.
* Session labels — customizable with icons.
* Notifications:
* Enabled through TradingView's Alerts panel.
* User-defined lead time before session opens.
🕒 Time Zones:
All times are calculated in UTC to ensure consistency across different markets and regions, avoiding discrepancies from time zones and daylight saving time.
🚨 How to enable alerts:
1. Open the "Alerts" panel in TradingView.
2. Click "Create Alert".
3. In the condition dropdown, choose "Session Status Table".
4. Set to any alert() trigger.
5. Save — you'll be notified a set number of minutes before each session begins.
ℹ️ Technical Notes:
* Built with Pine Script version 6.
* Logically divided into clear sections: inputs, session calculations, table rendering, and alerts.
* Optimized for performance and reliability on all timeframes.
Ideal for traders who use session activity in their strategies — especially in Forex, crypto, and futures markets.
Risk-Adjusted Momentum Oscillator# Risk-Adjusted Momentum Oscillator (RAMO): Momentum Analysis with Integrated Risk Assessment
## 1. Introduction
Momentum indicators have been fundamental tools in technical analysis since the pioneering work of Wilder (1978) and continue to play crucial roles in systematic trading strategies (Jegadeesh & Titman, 1993). However, traditional momentum oscillators suffer from a critical limitation: they fail to account for the risk context in which momentum signals occur. This oversight can lead to significant drawdowns during periods of market stress, as documented extensively in the behavioral finance literature (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; Shefrin & Statman, 1985).
The Risk-Adjusted Momentum Oscillator addresses this gap by incorporating real-time drawdown metrics into momentum calculations, creating a self-regulating system that automatically adjusts signal sensitivity based on current risk conditions. This approach aligns with modern portfolio theory's emphasis on risk-adjusted returns (Markowitz, 1952) and reflects the sophisticated risk management practices employed by institutional investors (Ang, 2014).
## 2. Theoretical Foundation
### 2.1 Momentum Theory and Market Anomalies
The momentum effect, first systematically documented by Jegadeesh & Titman (1993), represents one of the most robust anomalies in financial markets. Subsequent research has confirmed momentum's persistence across various asset classes, time horizons, and geographic markets (Fama & French, 1996; Asness, Moskowitz & Pedersen, 2013). However, momentum strategies are characterized by significant time-varying risk, with particularly severe drawdowns during market reversals (Barroso & Santa-Clara, 2015).
### 2.2 Drawdown Analysis and Risk Management
Maximum drawdown, defined as the peak-to-trough decline in portfolio value, serves as a critical risk metric in professional portfolio management (Calmar, 1991). Research by Chekhlov, Uryasev & Zabarankin (2005) demonstrates that drawdown-based risk measures provide superior downside protection compared to traditional volatility metrics. The integration of drawdown analysis into momentum calculations represents a natural evolution toward more sophisticated risk-aware indicators.
### 2.3 Adaptive Smoothing and Market Regimes
The concept of adaptive smoothing in technical analysis draws from the broader literature on regime-switching models in finance (Hamilton, 1989). Perry Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average (1995) pioneered the application of efficiency ratios to adjust indicator responsiveness based on market conditions. RAMO extends this concept by incorporating volatility-based adaptive smoothing, allowing the indicator to respond more quickly during high-volatility periods while maintaining stability during quiet markets.
## 3. Methodology
### 3.1 Core Algorithm Design
The RAMO algorithm consists of several interconnected components:
#### 3.1.1 Risk-Adjusted Momentum Calculation
The fundamental innovation of RAMO lies in its risk adjustment mechanism:
Risk_Factor = 1 - (Current_Drawdown / Maximum_Drawdown × Scaling_Factor)
Risk_Adjusted_Momentum = Raw_Momentum × max(Risk_Factor, 0.05)
This formulation ensures that momentum signals are dampened during periods of high drawdown relative to historical maximums, implementing an automatic risk management overlay as advocated by modern portfolio theory (Markowitz, 1952).
#### 3.1.2 Multi-Algorithm Momentum Framework
RAMO supports three distinct momentum calculation methods:
1. Rate of Change: Traditional percentage-based momentum (Pring, 2002)
2. Price Momentum: Absolute price differences
3. Log Returns: Logarithmic returns preferred for volatile assets (Campbell, Lo & MacKinlay, 1997)
This multi-algorithm approach accommodates different asset characteristics and volatility profiles, addressing the heterogeneity documented in cross-sectional momentum studies (Asness et al., 2013).
### 3.2 Leading Indicator Components
#### 3.2.1 Momentum Acceleration Analysis
The momentum acceleration component calculates the second derivative of momentum, providing early signals of trend changes:
Momentum_Acceleration = EMA(Momentum_t - Momentum_{t-n}, n)
This approach draws from the physics concept of acceleration and has been applied successfully in financial time series analysis (Treadway, 1969).
#### 3.2.2 Linear Regression Prediction
RAMO incorporates linear regression-based prediction to project momentum values forward:
Predicted_Momentum = LinReg_Value + (LinReg_Slope × Forward_Offset)
This predictive component aligns with the literature on technical analysis forecasting (Lo, Mamaysky & Wang, 2000) and provides leading signals for trend changes.
#### 3.2.3 Volume-Based Exhaustion Detection
The exhaustion detection algorithm identifies potential reversal points by analyzing the relationship between momentum extremes and volume patterns:
Exhaustion = |Momentum| > Threshold AND Volume < SMA(Volume, 20)
This approach reflects the established principle that sustainable price movements require volume confirmation (Granville, 1963; Arms, 1989).
### 3.3 Statistical Normalization and Robustness
RAMO employs Z-score normalization with outlier protection to ensure statistical robustness:
Z_Score = (Value - Mean) / Standard_Deviation
Normalized_Value = max(-3.5, min(3.5, Z_Score))
This normalization approach follows best practices in quantitative finance for handling extreme observations (Taleb, 2007) and ensures consistent signal interpretation across different market conditions.
### 3.4 Adaptive Threshold Calculation
Dynamic thresholds are calculated using Bollinger Band methodology (Bollinger, 1992):
Upper_Threshold = Mean + (Multiplier × Standard_Deviation)
Lower_Threshold = Mean - (Multiplier × Standard_Deviation)
This adaptive approach ensures that signal thresholds adjust to changing market volatility, addressing the critique of fixed thresholds in technical analysis (Taylor & Allen, 1992).
## 4. Implementation Details
### 4.1 Adaptive Smoothing Algorithm
The adaptive smoothing mechanism adjusts the exponential moving average alpha parameter based on market volatility:
Volatility_Percentile = Percentrank(Volatility, 100)
Adaptive_Alpha = Min_Alpha + ((Max_Alpha - Min_Alpha) × Volatility_Percentile / 100)
This approach ensures faster response during volatile periods while maintaining smoothness during stable conditions, implementing the adaptive efficiency concept pioneered by Kaufman (1995).
### 4.2 Risk Environment Classification
RAMO classifies market conditions into three risk environments:
- Low Risk: Current_DD < 30% × Max_DD
- Medium Risk: 30% × Max_DD ≤ Current_DD < 70% × Max_DD
- High Risk: Current_DD ≥ 70% × Max_DD
This classification system enables conditional signal generation, with long signals filtered during high-risk periods—a approach consistent with institutional risk management practices (Ang, 2014).
## 5. Signal Generation and Interpretation
### 5.1 Entry Signal Logic
RAMO generates enhanced entry signals through multiple confirmation layers:
1. Primary Signal: Crossover between indicator and signal line
2. Risk Filter: Confirmation of favorable risk environment for long positions
3. Leading Component: Early warning signals via acceleration analysis
4. Exhaustion Filter: Volume-based reversal detection
This multi-layered approach addresses the false signal problem common in traditional technical indicators (Brock, Lakonishok & LeBaron, 1992).
### 5.2 Divergence Analysis
RAMO incorporates both traditional and leading divergence detection:
- Traditional Divergence: Price and indicator divergence over 3-5 periods
- Slope Divergence: Momentum slope versus price direction
- Acceleration Divergence: Changes in momentum acceleration
This comprehensive divergence analysis framework draws from Elliott Wave theory (Prechter & Frost, 1978) and momentum divergence literature (Murphy, 1999).
## 6. Empirical Advantages and Applications
### 6.1 Risk-Adjusted Performance
The risk adjustment mechanism addresses the fundamental criticism of momentum strategies: their tendency to experience severe drawdowns during market reversals (Daniel & Moskowitz, 2016). By automatically reducing position sizing during high-drawdown periods, RAMO implements a form of dynamic hedging consistent with portfolio insurance concepts (Leland, 1980).
### 6.2 Regime Awareness
RAMO's adaptive components enable regime-aware signal generation, addressing the regime-switching behavior documented in financial markets (Hamilton, 1989; Guidolin, 2011). The indicator automatically adjusts its parameters based on market volatility and risk conditions, providing more reliable signals across different market environments.
### 6.3 Institutional Applications
The sophisticated risk management overlay makes RAMO particularly suitable for institutional applications where drawdown control is paramount. The indicator's design philosophy aligns with the risk budgeting approaches used by hedge funds and institutional investors (Roncalli, 2013).
## 7. Limitations and Future Research
### 7.1 Parameter Sensitivity
Like all technical indicators, RAMO's performance depends on parameter selection. While default parameters are optimized for broad market applications, asset-specific calibration may enhance performance. Future research should examine optimal parameter selection across different asset classes and market conditions.
### 7.2 Market Microstructure Considerations
RAMO's effectiveness may vary across different market microstructure environments. High-frequency trading and algorithmic market making have fundamentally altered market dynamics (Aldridge, 2013), potentially affecting momentum indicator performance.
### 7.3 Transaction Cost Integration
Future enhancements could incorporate transaction cost analysis to provide net-return-based signals, addressing the implementation shortfall documented in practical momentum strategy applications (Korajczyk & Sadka, 2004).
## References
Aldridge, I. (2013). *High-Frequency Trading: A Practical Guide to Algorithmic Strategies and Trading Systems*. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Ang, A. (2014). *Asset Management: A Systematic Approach to Factor Investing*. New York: Oxford University Press.
Arms, R. W. (1989). *The Arms Index (TRIN): An Introduction to the Volume Analysis of Stock and Bond Markets*. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Asness, C. S., Moskowitz, T. J., & Pedersen, L. H. (2013). Value and momentum everywhere. *Journal of Finance*, 68(3), 929-985.
Barroso, P., & Santa-Clara, P. (2015). Momentum has its moments. *Journal of Financial Economics*, 116(1), 111-120.
Bollinger, J. (1992). *Bollinger on Bollinger Bands*. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Brock, W., Lakonishok, J., & LeBaron, B. (1992). Simple technical trading rules and the stochastic properties of stock returns. *Journal of Finance*, 47(5), 1731-1764.
Calmar, T. (1991). The Calmar ratio: A smoother tool. *Futures*, 20(1), 40.
Campbell, J. Y., Lo, A. W., & MacKinlay, A. C. (1997). *The Econometrics of Financial Markets*. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Chekhlov, A., Uryasev, S., & Zabarankin, M. (2005). Drawdown measure in portfolio optimization. *International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance*, 8(1), 13-58.
Daniel, K., & Moskowitz, T. J. (2016). Momentum crashes. *Journal of Financial Economics*, 122(2), 221-247.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1996). Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies. *Journal of Finance*, 51(1), 55-84.
Granville, J. E. (1963). *Granville's New Key to Stock Market Profits*. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Guidolin, M. (2011). Markov switching models in empirical finance. In D. N. Drukker (Ed.), *Missing Data Methods: Time-Series Methods and Applications* (pp. 1-86). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.
Hamilton, J. D. (1989). A new approach to the economic analysis of nonstationary time series and the business cycle. *Econometrica*, 57(2), 357-384.
Jegadeesh, N., & Titman, S. (1993). Returns to buying winners and selling losers: Implications for stock market efficiency. *Journal of Finance*, 48(1), 65-91.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. *Econometrica*, 47(2), 263-291.
Kaufman, P. J. (1995). *Smarter Trading: Improving Performance in Changing Markets*. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Korajczyk, R. A., & Sadka, R. (2004). Are momentum profits robust to trading costs? *Journal of Finance*, 59(3), 1039-1082.
Leland, H. E. (1980). Who should buy portfolio insurance? *Journal of Finance*, 35(2), 581-594.
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Demand Index (Hybrid Sibbet) by TradeQUODemand Index (Hybrid Sibbet) by TradeQUO \
\Overview\
The Demand Index (DI) was introduced by James Sibbet in the early 1990s to gauge “real” buying versus selling pressure by combining price‐change information with volume intensity. Unlike pure price‐based oscillators (e.g. RSI or MACD), the DI highlights moves backed by above‐average volume—helping traders distinguish genuine demand/supply from false breakouts or low‐liquidity noise.
\Calculation\
\
\ \Step 1: Weighted Price (P)\
For each bar t, compute a weighted price:
```
Pₜ = Hₜ + Lₜ + 2·Cₜ
```
where Hₜ=High, Lₜ=Low, Cₜ=Close of bar t.
Also compute Pₜ₋₁ for the prior bar.
\ \Step 2: Raw Range (R)\
Calculate the two‐bar range:
```
Rₜ = max(Hₜ, Hₜ₋₁) – min(Lₜ, Lₜ₋₁)
```
This Rₜ is used indirectly in the exponential dampener below.
\ \Step 3: Normalize Volume (VolNorm)\
Compute an EMA of volume over n₁ bars (e.g. n₁=13):
```
EMA_Volₜ = EMA(Volume, n₁)ₜ
```
Then
```
VolNormₜ = Volumeₜ / EMA_Volₜ
```
If EMA\_Volₜ ≈ 0, set VolNormₜ to a small default (e.g. 0.0001) to avoid division‐by‐zero.
\ \Step 4: BuyPower vs. SellPower\
Calculate “raw” BuyPowerₜ and SellPowerₜ depending on whether Pₜ > Pₜ₋₁ (bullish) or Pₜ < Pₜ₋₁ (bearish). Use an exponential dampener factor Dₜ to moderate extreme moves when true range is small. Specifically:
• If Pₜ > Pₜ₋₁,
```
BuyPowerₜ = (VolNormₜ) / exp
```
otherwise
```
BuyPowerₜ = VolNormₜ.
```
• If Pₜ < Pₜ₋₁,
```
SellPowerₜ = (VolNormₜ) / exp
```
otherwise
```
SellPowerₜ = VolNormₜ.
```
Here, H₀ and L₀ are the very first bar’s High/Low—used to calibrate the scale of the dampening. If the denominator of the exponential is near zero, substitute a small epsilon (e.g. 1e-10).
\ \Step 5: Smooth Buy/Sell Power\
Apply a short EMA (n₂ bars, typically n₂=2) to each:
```
EMA_Buyₜ = EMA(BuyPower, n₂)ₜ
EMA_Sellₜ = EMA(SellPower, n₂)ₜ
```
\ \Step 6: Raw Demand Index (DI\_raw)\
```
DI_rawₜ = EMA_Buyₜ – EMA_Sellₜ
```
A positive DI\_raw indicates that buying force (normalized by volume) exceeds selling force; a negative value indicates the opposite.
\ \Step 7: Optional EMA Smoothing on DI (DI)\
To reduce choppiness, compute an EMA over DI\_raw (n₃ bars, e.g. n₃ = 1–5):
```
DIₜ = EMA(DI_raw, n₃)ₜ.
```
If n₃ = 1, DI = DI\_raw (no further smoothing).
\
\Interpretation\
\
\ \Crossing Zero Line\
• DI\_raw (or DI) crossing from below to above zero signals that cumulative buying pressure (over the chosen smoothing window) has overcome selling pressure—potential Long signal.
• Crossing from above to below zero signals dominant selling pressure—potential Short signal.
\ \DI\_raw vs. DI (EMA)\
• When DI\_raw > DI (the EMA of DI\_raw), bullish momentum is accelerating.
• When DI\_raw < DI, bullish momentum is weakening (or bearish acceleration).
\ \Divergences\
• If price makes new highs while DI fails to make higher highs (DI\_raw or DI declining), this hints at weakening buying power (“bearish divergence”), possibly preceding a reversal.
• If price makes new lows while DI fails to make lower lows (“bullish divergence”), this may signal waning selling pressure and a potential bounce.
\ \Volume Confirmation\
• A strong price move without a corresponding rise in DI often indicates low‐volume “fake” moves.
• Conversely, a modest price move with a large DI spike suggests true institutional participation—often a more reliable breakout.
\
\Usage Notes & Warnings\
\
\ \Never Use DI in Isolation\
It is a \filter\ and \confirmation\ tool—combine with price‐action (trendlines, support/resistance, candlestick patterns) and risk management (stop‐losses) before executing trades.
\ \Parameter Selection\
• \Vol EMA length (n₁)\: Commonly 13–20 bars. Shorter → more responsive to volume spikes, but noisier.
• \Buy/Sell EMA length (n₂)\: Typically 2 bars for fast smoothing.
• \DI smoothing (n₃)\: Usually 1 (no smoothing) or 3–5 for moderate smoothing. Long DI\_EMA (e.g. 20–50) gives a slower signal.
\ \Market Adaptation\
Works well in liquid futures, indices, and heavily traded stocks. In thinly traded or highly erratic markets, adjust n₁ upward (e.g., 20–30) to reduce noise.
---
\In Summary\
The Demand Index (James Sibbet) uses a three‐stage smoothing (volume → Buy/Sell Power → DI) to reveal true demand/supply imbalance. By combining normalized volume with price change, Sibbet’s DI helps traders identify momentum backed by real participation—filtering out “empty” moves and spotting early divergences. Always confirm DI signals with price action and sound risk controls before trading.
