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Ichimoku Theories [LuxAlgo]The Ichimoku Theories indicator is the most complete Ichimoku tool you will ever need. Four tools combined into one to harness all the power of Ichimoku Kinkō Hyō. This tool features the following concepts based on the work of Goichi Hosoda: Ichimoku Kinkō Hyō: Original Ichimoku indicator with its five main lines and kumo. Time Theory: automatic time cycle identification and forecasting to understand market timing. Wave Theory: automatic wave identification to understand market structure. Price Theory: automatic identification of developing N waves and possible price targets to understand future price behavior. 🔶 ICHIMOKU KINKŌ HYŌ Ichimoku with lines only, Kumo only and both together Let us start with the basics: the Ichimoku original indicator is a tool to understand the market, not to predict it, it is a trend-following tool, so it is best used in trending markets. Ichimoku tells us what is happening in the market and what may happen next, the aim of the tool is to provide market understanding, not trading signals. The tool is based on calculating the mid-point between the high and low of three pre-defined ranges as the equilibrium price for short (9 periods), medium (26 periods), and long (52 periods) time horizons: Tenkan sen: middle point of the range of the last 9 candles Kinjun sen: middle point of the range of the last 26 candles Senkou span A: middle point between Tankan Sen and Kijun Sen, plotted 26 candles into the future Senkou span B: midpoint of the range of the last 52 candles, plotted 26 candles into the future Chikou span: closing price plotted 26 candles into the past Kumo: area between Senkou pans A and B (kumo means cloud in Japanese) The most basic use of the tool is to use the Kumo as an area of possible support or resistance. 🔶 TIME THEORY Current cycles and forecast Time theory is a critical concept used to identify historical and current market cycles, and use these to forecast the next ones. This concept is based on the Kihon Suchi (translating to "Basic Numbers" in Japanese), these are 9 and 26, and from their combinations we obtain the following sequence: 9, 17, 26, 33, 42, 51, 65, 76, 129, 172, 200, 257 The main idea is that the market moves in cycles with periods set by the Kihon Suchi sequence. When the cycle has the same exact periods, we obtain the Taito Suchi (translating to "Same Number" in Japanese). This tool allows traders to identify historical and current market cycles and forecast the next one. 🔹 Time Cycle Identification Presentation of 4 different modes: SWINGS, HIGHS, KINJUN, and WAVES . The tool draws a horizontal line at the bottom of the chart showing the cycles detected and their size. The following settings are used: Time Cycle Mode: up to 7 different modes Wave Cycle: Which wave to use when WAVE mode is selected, only active waves in the Wave Theory settings will be used. Show Time Cycles: keep a cleaner chart by disabling cycles visualisation Show last X time cycles: how many cycles to display 🔹 Time Cycle Forecast Showcasing the two forecasting patterns: Kihon Suchi and Taito Suchi The tool plots horizontal lines, a solid anchor line, and several dotted forecast lines. The following settings are used: Show time cycle forecast: to keep things clean Forecast Pattern: comes in two flavors Kihon Suchi plots a line from the anchor at each number in the Kihon Suchi sequence. Taito Suchi plot lines from the anchor with the same size detected in the anchored cycle Anchor forecast on last X time cycle: traders can place the anchor in any detected cycle 🔶 WAVE THEORY All waves activated with overlapping The main idea behind this theory is that markets move like waves in the sea, back and forth (making swing lows and highs). Understanding the current market structure is key to having realistic expectations of what the market may do next. The waves are divided into Simple and Complex. The following settings are used: Basic Waves: allows traders to activate waves I, V and N Complex Waves: allows traders to activate waves P, Y and W Overlapping waves: to avoid missing out on any of the waves activated Show last X waves: how many waves will be displayed 🔹 Basic Waves The three basic waves The basic waves from which all waves are made are I, V, and N I wave: one leg moves V wave: two legs move, one against the other N wave: Three legs move, push, pull back, and another push 🔹 Complex Waves Three complex waves There are other waves like P wave: contracting market Y wave: expanding market W wave: double top or double bottom 🔶 PRICE THEORY All targets for the current N wave with their calculations This theory is based on identifying developing N waves and predicting potential price targets based on that developing wave. The tool displays 4 basic targets (V, E, N, and NT) and 3 extended targets (2E and 3E) according to the calculations shown in the chart above. Traders can enable or disable each target in the settings panel. 🔶 USING EVERYTHING TOGETHER Please DON'T do this. This is not how you use it Now the real example: Daily chart of Nasdaq 100 futures (NQ1!) with our Ichimoku analysis Time, waves, and price theories go together as one: First, we identify the current time cycles and wave structure. Then we forecast the next cycle and possible key price levels. We identify a Taito Suchi with both legs of exactly 41 candles on each I wave, both together forming a V wave, the last two I waves are part of a developing N wave, and the time cycle of the first one is 191 candles. We forecast this cycle into the future and get 22nd April as a key date, so in 6 trading days (as of this writing) the market would have completed another Taito Suchi pattern if a new wave and time cycle starts. As we have a developing N wave we can see the potential price targets, the price is actually between the NT and V targets. We have a bullish Kumo and the price is touching it, if this Kumo provides enough support for the price to go further, the market could reach N or E targets. So we have identified the cycle and wave, our expectations are that the current cycle is another Taito Suchi and the current wave is an N wave, the first I wave went for 191 candles, and we expect the second and third I waves together to amount to 191 candles, so in theory the N wave would complete in the next 6 trading days making a swing high. If this is indeed the case, the price could reach the V target (it is almost there) or even the N target if the bulls have the necessary strength. We do not predict the future, we can only aim to understand the current market conditions and have future expectations of when (time), how (wave), and where (price) the market will make the next turning point where one side of the market overcomes the other (bulls vs bears). To generate this chart, we change the following settings from the default ones: Swing length: 64 Show lines: disabled Forecast pattern: TAITO SUCHI Anchor forecast: 2 Show last time cycles: 5 I WAVE: enabled N WAVE: disabled Show last waves: 5 🔶 SETTINGS Show Swing Highs & Lows: Enable/Disable points on swing highs and swing lows. Swing Length: Number of candles to confirm a swing high or swing low. A higher number detects larger swings. 🔹 Ichimoku Kinkō Hyō Show Lines: Enable/Disable the 5 Ichimoku lines: Kijun sen, Tenkan sen, Senkou span A & B and Chikou Span. Show Kumo: Enable/Disable the Kumo (cloud). The Kumo is formed by 2 lines: Senkou Span A and Senkou Span B. Tenkan Sen Length: Number of candles for Tenkan Sen calculation. Kinjun Sen Length: Number of candles for the Kijun Sen calculation. Senkou Span B Length: Number of candles for Senkou Span B calculation. Chikou & Senkou Offset: Number of candles for Chikou and Senkou Span calculation. Chikou Span is plotted in the past, and Senkou Span A & B in the future. 🔹 Time Theory Show Time Cycle Forecast: Enable/Disable time cycle forecast vertical lines. Disable for better performance. Forecast Pattern: Choose between two patterns: Kihon Suchi (basic numbers) or Taito Suchi (equal numbers). Anchor forecast on last X time cycle: Number of time cycles in the past to anchor the time cycle forecast. The larger the number, the deeper in the past the anchor will be. Time Cycle Mode: Choose from 7 time cycle detection modes: Tenkan Sen cross, Kijun Sen cross, Kumo change between bullish & bearish, swing highs only, swing lows only, both swing highs & lows and wave detection. Wave Cycle: Choose which type of wave to detect from 6 different wave types when the time cycle mode is set to WAVES. Show Time Cycles: Enable/Disable time cycle horizontal lines. Disable for better performance. how last X time cycles: Maximum number of time cycles to display. 🔹 Wave Theory Basic Waves: Enable/Disable the display of basic waves, all at once or one at a time. Disable for better performance. Complex Waves: Enable/Disable complex wave display, all at once or one by one. Disable for better performance. Overlapping Waves: Enable/Disable the display of waves ending on the same swing point. Show last X waves: 'Maximum number of waves to display. 🔹 Price Theory Basic Targets: Enable/Disable horizontal price target lines. Disable for better performance. Extended Targets: Enable/Disable extended price target horizontal lines. Disable for better performance.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh LuxAlgo
40
Net Buying/Selling Flows Toolkit [AlgoAlpha]🌟📊 Introducing the Net Buying/Selling Flows Toolkit by AlgoAlpha 📈🚀 🔍 Explore the intricate dynamics of market movements with the Net Buying/Selling Flows Toolkit designed for precision and effectiveness in visualizing money inflows and outflows and their impact on asset prices. 🔀 Multiple Display Modes : Choose from "Flow Comparison", "Net Flow", or "Sum of Flows" to view the data in the most relevant way for your analysis. 📏 Adjustable Unit Display : Easily manage the magnitude of the values displayed with options like "1 Billion", "1 Million", "1 Thousand", or "None". 🔧 Lookback Period Customization : Tailor the sum calculation window with a configurable lookback period, applicable in "Sum of Flows" mode. 📊 Deviation Thresholds : Set up lower and upper deviation thresholds to identify significant changes in flow data. 🔄 Reversal Signals and Deviation Bands : Enable signals for potential reversals and visualize deviation bands for comparative analysis. 🎨 Color-coded Visualization : Distinct colors for upward and downward movements make it easy to distinguish between buying and selling pressures. 🚀 Quick Guide to Using the Net Buying/Selling Flows Toolkit : 🔍 Add the Indicator : Add the indicator to you favorites. Customize the settings to fit your trading requirements. 👁️‍🗨️ Data Analysis : Compare the trend of Buying and Selling to help indicate whether bulls or bears are in control of the market. Utilize the different display modes to present the data in different form to suite your analysis style. 🔔 Set Alerts : Activate alerts for reversal conditions to keep abreast of significant market movements without having to monitor the charts constantly. 🌐 How It Works : The toolkit processes volume data on a lower timeframe to distinguish between buying and selling pressures based on intra-bar price closing higher or lower than it opened. It aggregates these transactions and finds the net selling and buying that took place during that bar, offering a clearer view of market fundamentals. The indicator then plots this data visually with multiple modes including comparisons between buying/selling and the net flow of the asset. Deviation thresholds help in identifying significant changes, allowing traders to spot potential buying or selling opportunities based on the money flow dynamics. The "Sum of Flows" mode is unique from other trend following indicators as it does not determine trend based on price action, but rather based on the net buying/selling. Therefore in some cases the "Sum of Flows" mode can be a leading indicator showing bullish/bearish net flows even before the prices move significantly. Embark on a more informed trading journey with this dynamic and insightful tool, tailor-made for those who demand precision and clarity in their trading strategies. 🌟📉📈
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh AlgoAlpha
6
RSI w/Hann WindowingThis RSI by John Ehlers of "Yet Another" Improved RSI. Taking advantage of the Hann windowing. As seen on PRC and published by John Ehlers, it has a zero mean and appears smoother than the classic RSI. In his own words " I prefer oscillator-type indicators to have a zero mean. We can achieve this simply by multiplying the classic RSI by 2 so it swings from 0 to 2, and then subtract 1 from the product so the indicator swings from -1 to +1." Ehlers goes on to say " Bear in mind 14 may not be the best length to analysis. So, the best length to use for the RSIH indicator is on the order of the dominant cycle period of the data." This indicator works well with both bullish and bearish divergences. It also works well with oversold and overbought indications. Shown by the Red zone on top (Overbought) and the green zone on the bottom(oversold). Each which have an adjustable buffer zone. You may need to adjust the length of the RSIH to suit your asset. There are also multiply signal line's to choose from. Also take note of when the RSIH crosses up or down on the signal line. None of this is financial advice.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh Bern0908
1
Dynamic Cycle Oscillator [Quantigenics]This script is designed to navigate through the ebbs and flows of financial markets. At its core, this script is a sophisticated yet user-friendly tool that helps you identify potential market turning points and trend continuations. How It Works: The script operates by plotting two distinct lines and a central histogram that collectively form a band structure: a center line and two outer boundaries, indicating overbought and oversold conditions. The lines are calculated based on a blend of exponential moving averages, which are then refined by a root mean square (RMS) over a specified number of bars to establish the cyclic envelope. The input parameters: Fast and Slow Periods: These determine the sensitivity of the script. Shorter periods react quicker to price changes, while longer periods offer a smoother view. RMS Length: This parameter controls the range of the cyclic envelope, influencing the trigger levels for trading signals. Using the Script: On your chart, you’ll notice how the Dynamic Cycle Oscillator’s lines and histogram weave through the price action. Here’s how to interpret the movements. Breakouts and Continuations: Buy Signal: Consider a long position when the histogram crosses above the upper boundary. This suggests a possible strong bullish run. Sell Signal: Consider a short position when the histogram crosses below the lower boundary. This suggests a possible strong bearish run. Reversals: Buy Signal: Consider a long position when the histogram crosses above the lower boundary. This suggests an oversold market turning bullish. Sell Signal: Consider a short position when the histogram crosses below the upper boundary. This implies an overbought market turning bearish. The script’s real-time analysis can serve as a robust addition to your trading strategy, offering clarity in choppy markets and an edge in trend-following systems. Thanks! Hope you enjoy!
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh Quantigenics
CandleInsightsLibrary "CandleInsights" CandleInsights provides a set of utility functions to facilitate identifying certain types of individual candles and candle patterns. isBullish()   Returns true if candle is bullish.   Returns: bool isBearish()   Returns true if candle is bearish.   Returns: bool isHammer()   Returns true if candle is a hammer. TODO: Allow params   Returns: bool isShootingStar()   Returns true if candle is a shooting star. TODO: Allow params   Returns: bool isBearishToppingTail()   Returns true if candle is bearish with a top wick over half the range of the candle. TODO: Allow params   Returns: bool isHanging()   Returns true if candle is considering a hanging candle (aka hanging man). TODO: Allow params   Returns: bool isLongBullish(pctChg)   Parameters:      pctChg (float) isBullishEngulfing()
Perpustakaan Pine Script®
oleh bluedini
ICT Silver Bullet | Flux Charts💎 GENERAL OVERVIEW Introducing our new ICT Silver Bullet Indicator! This indicator is built around the ICT's "Silver Bullet" strategy. The strategy has 5 steps for execution and works best in 1-5 min timeframes. For more information about the process, check the "HOW DOES IT WORK" section. Features of the new ICT Silver Bullet Indicator : Implementation of ICT's Silver Bullet Strategy Customizable Execution Settings 2 NY Sessions & London Session Customizable Backtesting Dashboard Alerts for Buy, Sell, TP & SL Signals 📌 HOW DOES IT WORK ? ICT's Silver Bullet strategy has 5 steps : 1. Mark your market sessions open (This indicator has 3 -> NY 10-11, NY 14-15, LDN 03-04) 2. Mark the swing liquidity points 3. Wait for market to take down one liquidity side 4. Look for a market structure-shift for reversals 5. Wait for a FVG for execution This indicator follows these steps and inform you step by step by plotting them in your chart. You can switch execution types between FVG and MSS. 🚩UNIQUENESS This indicator is an all-in-one suit for the ICT's Silver Bullet concept. It's capable of plotting the strategy, giving signals, a backtesting dashboard and alerts feature. It's designed for simplyfing a rather complex strategy, helping you to execute it with clean signals. The backtesting dashboard allows you to see how your settings perform in the current ticker. You can also set up alerts to get informed when the strategy is executable for different tickers. ⚙️SETTINGS 1. General Configuration Execution Type -> FVG execution type will require a FVG to take an entry, while the MSS setting will take an entry as soon as it detects a market structure-shift. MSS Swing Length -> The swing length when finding liquidity zones for market structure-shift detection. Breakout Method -> If "Wick" is selected, a bar wick will be enough to confirm a market structure-shift. If "Close" is selected, the bar must close above / below the liquidity zone to confirm a market structure-shift. FVG Detection -> "Same Type" means that all 3 bars that formed the FVG should be the same type. (Bullish / Bearish). "All" means that bar types may vary between bullish / bearish. FVG Detection Sensitivity -> You can turn this setting on and off. If it's off, any 3 consecutive bullish / bearish bars will be calculated as FVGs. If it's on, the size of FVGs will be filtered by the selected sensitivity. Lower settings mean less but larger FVGs. 2. TP / SL TP / SL Method -> If "Fixed" is selected, you can adjust the TP / SL ratios from the settings below. If "Dynamic" is selected, the TP / SL zones will be auto-determined by the algorithm. Risk -> The risk you're willing to take if "Dynamic" TP / SL Method is selected. Higher risk usually means a better winrate at the cost of losing more if the strategy fails. Close Position @ Session End -> If this setting is enabled, the current position (if any) will be closed at the beginning of a new session, regardless if it hit the TP / SL zone. If it's off, the position will be open until it hits a TP / SL zone.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh fluxchart
3
Market Structure Volume Distribution [LuxAlgo]The Market Structure Volume Distribution tool allows traders to identify the strength behind breaks of market structure at defined price ranges to measure de correlation of forces between bulls and bears visually and easily. 🔶 USAGE This tool has three main features: market structure highlighting, grid levels, and volume profile. Each feature is covered more in depth below: 🔹 Market Structure The basic unit of market structure is a swing point, the period of the swing point is user-defined, so traders can identify longer-term market structures. Price breaking a prior swing point will confirm the occurrence of a market structure. The tool will plot a line after a market structure is confirmed, by default the lines on bullish MS will be green (indicative of an uptrend), and red in case of bearish MS (indicative of a downtrend). 🔹 Grid Levels The Grid visually divides the price range contained inside the tool execution window, into equal size rows, the number of rows is user-defined so users can divide the full price range up to 100 rows. The main objective of this feature is to help identify the execution window and the limits of each row in the volume profile so traders can know in a simple look what BoMS belongs to each row. There is however another use for the grid, by dividing the range into equal-sized parts, this feature provides automatic support and resistance levels as good as any other. Grid provides a visual help to know what our execution window is and to associate MS with their rows in the profile. It can provide S/R levels too. 🔹 Volume Profile The volume profile feature shows in a visually easy way the volume behind each MS aggregated by rows and divided into buy and sell volume to spot the differences in a simple look. This tool allows users to spot the liquidity associated with the event of a market structure in a specific price range, allowing users to know which price areas where associated with the most trading activity during the occurrence of a market structutre. 🔶 SETTINGS 🔹 Data Gathering Execute on all visible range: Activate this to use all visible bars on the calculations. This disables the use of the next parameter "Execute on the last N bars". Default false. Execute on the last N bars: Use last N bars on the calculations. To use this parameter "Execute on all visible range" must be disabled. Values from 20 to 5000, default 500. Pivot Length: How many bars will be used to confirm a pivot. The bigger this parameter is the fewer breaks of structure will detect. Values from 1, default 2 🔹 Profile Profile Rows: Number of rows in the volume profile. Values from 2 to 100, default 10. Profile Width: Maximum width of the volume profile. Values from 25 to 500, default 200. Profile Mode: How the volume will be displayed on each row. "TOTAL VOLUME" will aggregate buy & sell volume per row, "BUY&SELL VOLUME" will separate the buy volume from the sell volume on each row. Default BUY&SELL VOLUME. 🔹 Style Buy Color: This is the color for the buy volume on the profile when the "BUY&SELL VOLUME" mode is activated. Default green. Sell Color: This is the color for the sell volume on the profile when the "BUY&SELL VOLUME" mode is activated. Default red. Show dotted grid levels: Show dotted inner grid levels. Default true.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh LuxAlgo
19
Trailing Management (Zeiierman)█ Overview The Trailing Management (Zeiierman) indicator is designed for traders who seek an automated and dynamic approach to managing trailing stops. It helps traders make systematic decisions regarding when to enter and exit trades based on the calculated risk-reward ratio. By providing a clear visual representation of trailing stop levels and risk-reward metrics, the indicator is an essential tool for both novice and experienced traders aiming to enhance their trading discipline. The Trailing Management (Zeiierman) indicator integrates a Break-Even Curve feature to enhance its utility in trailing stop management and risk-reward optimization. The Break-Even Curve illuminates the precise point at which a trade neither gains nor loses value, offering clarity on the risk-reward landscape. Furthermore, this precise point is calculated based on the required win rate and the risk/reward ratio. This calculation aids traders in understanding the type of strategy they need to employ at any given time to be profitable. In other words, traders can, at any given point, assess the kind of strategy they need to utilize to make money, depending on the price's position within the risk/reward box. █ How It Works The indicator operates by computing the highest high and the lowest low over a user-defined period and then applying this information to determine optimal trailing stop levels for both long and short positions. Directional Bias: It establishes the direction of the market trend by comparing the index of the highest high and the lowest low within the lookback period. Bullish Bearish Trailing Stop Adjustment: The trailing stops are adjusted using one of three methods: an automatic calculation based on the median of recent peak differences, pivot points, or a fixed percentage defined by the user. The Break-Even Curve: The Break-Even Curve, along with the risk/reward ratio, is determined through the trailing method. This approach utilizes the current closing price as a hypothetical entry point for trades. All calculations, including those for the curve, are based on this current closing price, ensuring real-time accuracy and relevance. As market conditions fluctuate, the curve dynamically adjusts, offering traders a visual benchmark that signifies the break-even point. This real-time adjustment provides traders with an invaluable tool, allowing them to visually track how shifts in the market could impact the point at which their trades neither gain nor lose value. Example: Let's say the price is at the midpoint of the risk/reward box; this means that the risk/reward ratio should be 1:1, and the minimum win rate is 50% to break even. In this example, we can see that the price is near the stop-loss level. If you are about to take a trade in this area and would respect your stop, you only need to have a minimum win rate of 11% to earn money, given the risk/reward ratio, assuming that you hold the trade to the target. In other words, traders can, at any given point, assess the kind of strategy they need to employ to make money based on the price's position within the risk/reward box. █ How to Use Market Bias: When using the Auto Bias feature, the indicator calculates the underlying market bias and displays it as either bullish or bearish. This helps traders align their trades with the underlying market trend. Risk Management: By observing the plotted trailing stops and the risk-reward ratios, traders can make strategic decisions to enter or exit positions, effectively managing the risk. Strategy selection: The Break-Even Curve is a powerful tool for managing risk, allowing traders to visualize the relationship between their trailing stops and the market's price movements. By understanding where the break-even point lies, traders can adjust their strategies to either lock in profits or cut losses. Based on the plotted risk/reward box and the location of the price within this box, traders can easily see the win rate required by their strategy to make money in the long run, given the risk/reward ratio. Consider this example: The market is bullish, as indicated by the bias, and the indicator suggests looking into long trades. The price is near the top of the risk/reward box, which means entering the market right now carries a huge risk, and the potential reward is very low. To take this trade, traders must have a strategy with a win rate of at least 90%. █ Settings Trailing Method: Auto: The indicator calculates the trailing stop dynamically based on market conditions. Pivot: The trailing stop is adjusted to the highest high (long positions) or lowest low (short positions) identified within a specified lookback period. This method uses the pivotal points of the market to set the trailing stop. Percentage: The trailing stop is set at a fixed percentage away from the peak high or low. Trailing Size (prd): This setting defines the lookback period for the highest high and lowest low, which affects the sensitivity of the trailing stop to price movements. Percentage Step (perc): If the 'Percentage' method is selected, this setting determines the fixed percentage for the trailing stop distance. Set Bias (bias): Allows users to set a market bias which can be Bullish, Bearish, or Auto, affecting how the trailing stop is adjusted in relation to the market trend. ----------------- Disclaimer The information contained in my Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems does not constitute financial advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any securities of any type. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information. All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, backtest, or individual's trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on an evaluation of their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs. My Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems are only for educational purposes!
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh Zeiierman
39
Smart Money Setup 04 [TradingFinder] Three Drive (Harmonic) + OB🔵 Introduction The "Three Drive" pattern is a well-known formation in technical analysis, recognized for its ability to signal potential trend reversals in price action. Within the realm of trading, particularly in the context of "Reversal Patterns," the Three Drive pattern holds significance as a reliable indicator of shifts in market sentiment. 🟣 Bullish 3 Drive This pattern typically manifests at a price bottom, where a sequence of lower lows suggests a prevailing negative trend. However, within the structure of the Three Drive pattern, a notable occurrence unfolds. The second low breaches the range of the first low, followed by the third low surpassing the range of the second low. These penetrations signify a diminishing selling pressure and an emerging buying interest. Traders often await the confirmation of the third low surpassing the second low as an entry point, with price targets set at the highs formed within the Three Drive pattern. 🟣 Bearish 3 Drive Conversely, the Bearish Three Drive pattern emerges at a price top, characterized by a sequence of higher highs indicating an upward trend. Yet, amidst this apparent bullish momentum, a shift occurs. The second high breaks beyond the range of the first high, succeeded by the third high exceeding the range of the second high. These breaches signify a waning buying strength and a resurgence in selling pressure. Entry into a trade is often executed after the confirmation of the third high surpassing the second high, with targets set at the lows formed within the Three Drive pattern. Importance : Understanding the Three Drive pattern's significance extends beyond mere technical analysis. It bears resemblance to other established patterns, such as the Harmonic Pattern and Ending Diagonal within the Elliott Wave Theory. Recognizing these parallels aids traders in comprehending broader market dynamics and potential price movements. 🔵 Formation of 3 Drive in Order Block Zone The convergence of the Three Drive pattern with the concept of the Order Block Zone introduces a nuanced layer to traders' analytical approach. In "Price Action" methodology, Order Blocks represent areas on the price chart where significant market players, such as institutional traders, have executed notable orders. These zones often act as barriers, with price encountering resistance or support upon reaching them. When the Three Drive pattern forms within an Order Block Zone, it signifies a confluence of market dynamics. The completion of the pattern within this zone suggests a potential reversal in the prevailing trend, augmented by the presence of significant institutional orders. Traders incorporate these Order Blocks into their analysis to identify probable levels where price may change direction, enhancing the reliability of their trading decisions. 🔵 How to Use : To effectively utilize the Three Drive pattern within the Order Block Zone, traders seek alignment between the completion of the pattern and the presence of significant Order Blocks. This convergence enhances the reliability of the pattern's signals, increasing the likelihood of successful trade outcomes. Bullish Three Drive in Demand Zone : Bearish Three Drive in Supply Zone : Settings : You can set your desired "Pivot Period" via settings for the indicator to identify setups based on it.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh TFlab
22
Bullish Cassiopeia C Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█   OVERVIEW This indicator automatically detects and draws bullish Cassiopeia C harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns. Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia: Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690° en.wikipedia.org I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns. I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns. www.britannica.com chandra.si.edu █   CONCEPTS Green and Red Candles • A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened. • A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened. Swing Highs and Swing Lows • A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak. • A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough. Peak and Trough Prices (Basic) • The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher. • The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower. Historic Peaks and Troughs The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one. Range The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips. Upper Trends • A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price. • A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price. • A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price. Lower Trends • An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price. • A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price. • A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price. Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends • A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend. • A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend. • A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend. • A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend. Double Trends • A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price. • A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price. Muti-Part Double Trends • A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend. • A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend. Wave Cycles A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa. Figure 1. Retracement and Extension Ratios Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range. Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144. The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on. 1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven. Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak. Harmonic Patterns The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements. Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern. The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves. Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia C Harmonic Patterns • Bullish Cassiopeia C patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being higher than the first peak. And the third trough being lower than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is higher than the first. • Bearish Cassiopeia C patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being lower than the first trough. And the third peak being higher than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is lower than the first. The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows: • Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements. • Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1. • Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2. • Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3. Measurement Tolerances In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences. For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence. █   FEATURES Inputs • AB Lower Tolerance • AB Upper Tolerance • BC Lower Tolerance • BC Upper Tolerance • CD Lower Tolerance • CD Upper Tolerance • Pattern Color • Label Color • Show Projections • Extend Current Projection Lines Alerts Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur. █   LIMITATIONS All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with. █   NOTES I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh theEccentricTrader
Bullish Cassiopeia B Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█   OVERVIEW This indicator automatically detects and draws bullish Cassiopeia B harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns. Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia: Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690° en.wikipedia.org I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns. I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns. www.britannica.com chandra.si.edu █   CONCEPTS Green and Red Candles • A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened. • A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened. Swing Highs and Swing Lows • A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak. • A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough. Peak and Trough Prices (Basic) • The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher. • The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower. Historic Peaks and Troughs The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one. Range The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips. Upper Trends • A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price. • A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price. • A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price. Lower Trends • An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price. • A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price. • A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price. Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends • A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend. • A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend. • A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend. • A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend. Double Trends • A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price. • A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price. Muti-Part Double Trends • A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend. • A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend. Wave Cycles A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa. Figure 1. Retracement and Extension Ratios Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range. Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144. The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on. 1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven. Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak. Harmonic Patterns The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements. Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern. The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves. Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia B Harmonic Patterns • Bullish Cassiopeia B patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being lower than the first peak. And the third trough being lower than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is also lower than the first. • Bearish Cassiopeia B patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being higher than the first trough. And the third peak being higher than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is also higher than the first. The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows: • Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements. • Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1. • Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2. • Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3. Measurement Tolerances In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences. For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence. █   FEATURES Inputs • AB Lower Tolerance • AB Upper Tolerance • BC Lower Tolerance • BC Upper Tolerance • CD Lower Tolerance • CD Upper Tolerance • Pattern Color • Label Color • Show Projections • Extend Current Projection Lines Alerts Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur. █   LIMITATIONS All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with. █   NOTES I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh theEccentricTrader
Three Drive [TradingFinder] 3 Drive Harmonic Pattern Indicator🔵 Introduction The "Three Drive" pattern is one of the light "RTM" setups suitable for identifying price trend reversals. For this reason, this pattern is considered one of the "Reversal Patterns." 🟣 Bullish 3 Drive At a price bottom, a formation occurs where the negative trend appears to continue, and lower lows are made. However, the second low penetrates the range of the first low, and the third low penetrates the range of the second low, indicating a decrease in selling pressure and an increase in buying pressure. Entry point is issued after the penetration of the third low to the second low, and targets are the highs formed in the "3 Drive." 🟣 Bearish 3 Drive At a price top, a formation occurs where the positive trend appears to continue, and higher highs are made. However, the second high penetrates the range of the first high, and the third high penetrates the range of the second high, indicating a decrease in buyers' strength and an increase in sellers' strength. Entry point is issued after the penetration of the third high to the second high, and targets are the lows formed in the "3 Drive." Importance : This pattern bears a striking resemblance to the some of "Harmonic Pattern" and "Ending Diagonal" in the "Elliott Pattern". 🔵 How to Use There is no need for further confirmation to use this pattern, and you can use it as soon as the pattern forms. However, to reduce errors, it is better to use this pattern when it forms within a "Supply and Demand" or "Support and Resistance" structure. Bullish 3 Drive in Demand Zone : Bearish 3 Drive in Supply Zone : 🔵 Settings You can set your desired "Pivot Period" via settings for the indicator to identify setups based on it.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh TFlab
7
ChartRage - ELMAELMA - Exponential Logarithmic Moving Average This is a new kind of moving average that is using exponential normalization of a logarithmic formula. The exponential function is used to average the weight on the moving average while the logarithmic function is used to calculate the overall price effect. Features and Settings: ◻️ Following rate of change instead of absolute levels ◻️ Choose input source of the data ◻️ Real time signals through price interaction ◻️ Change ELMA length ◻️ Change the exponential decay rate ◻️ Customize base color and signal color Equation of the ELMA: This formula calculates a weighted average of the logarithm of prices, where more recent prices have a higher weight. The result is then exponentiated to return the ELMA value. This approach emphasizes the relative changes in price, making the ELMA sensitive to the % rate of change rather than absolute price levels. The decay rate can be adjusted in the settings. Comparison EMA vs ELMA: In this image we see the differences to the Exponential Moving Average. Price Interaction and earlier Signals: In this image we have added the bars, so we can see that the ELMA provides different signals of resistance and support zones and highlights them, by changing to the color yellow, when prices interact with the ELMA. Strategy by trading Support and Resistance Zones: The ELMA helps to evaluate trends and find entry points in bullish market conditions, and exit points in bearish conditions. When prices drop below the ELMA in a bull market, it is considered a buying signal. Conversely, in a bear market, it serves as an exit signal when prices trade above the ELMA. Volatile Markets: The ELMA works on all timeframes and markets. In this example we used the default value for Bitcoin. The ELMA clearly shows support and resistance zones. Depending on the asset, the length and the decay rate should be adjusted to provide the best results. Real Time Signals: Signals occur not after a candle closes but when price interacts with the ELMA level, providing real time signals by shifting color. (default = yellow) Disclaimer* All analyses, charts, scripts, strategies, ideas, or indicators developed by us are provided for informational and educational purposes only. We do not guarantee any future results based on the use of these tools or past data. Users should trade at their own risk. This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International creativecommons.org
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh ChartRage
OBV 1min Volume SqueezeIn the vast realm of trading strategies, few terms evoke as much intrigue as the word "squeeze." It conjures images of pent-up energy, ready to burst forth in a sudden and decisive move. In this blog post, we'll delve into a new trading idea titled the "OBV 1-Minute Volume Squeeze" which aims to catch bigger market movements by fetching 1 minute OBV data on higher time charts. The Essence of Squeeze In trading parlance, a "squeeze" typically denotes a scenario where volatility contracts, and prices consolidate within a narrow range. Translating this concept to volume dynamics, a "volume squeeze" suggests a period of compressed volume activity. It is unclear if the Bulls or the Bears are at winning hand and price is thus consolidating. The script calculates buying and selling pressure by fetching 1 min data. The total volume presure is the sum of absolute values of the buying and selling pressure added up. By deviding the Buying volume by the total volume we know the Buying Pressure. The trading theory suggest that when the buying pressure exceeds a certain value eg. 50% (default value in the script is 55%) it is likely the trend will continue to go up for a longer period of time. Vice Versa when selling pressure is higher, the trend is likely to continue down. In the script you can adjust the sensitivity in such way a higher "Volume Pressure %" result in less trading signals. Fetching 1 min data The OBV is a wonderful indicator to measure the buying and selling pressure. A disadvantage of the script is that the total volume pressure is presented as a positive (buying) or negative value (selling) value in the Oscillator. It does not offset the Bulls power against the Bears power at given time. The script aims to do measure the directional volume power by defining a volume pressure % (oulier value) by fetching 1 min OBV data on higher time frame charts comparing the Bulls power against the Bears Power. The code is included below: // Fetch Lower Timeframe Data in an array // nV = ZeroValue, sV = Selling Volume, bV = Buying Volume, tV = Total Volume = request.security_lower_tf(syminfo.tickerid, '1', ) sum_bV_Lengthbars = array.sum(bV) sum_sV_Lengthbars = array.sum(sV) sum_tV_Lengthbars = sum_bV_Lengthbars + sum_sV_Lengthbars // Combine buying and selling volumes to get total volume // Calculate buying and selling volume as percentage of the total volume, but ensure the denominator isn't zero. buying_percentage = sum_tV_Lengthbars != 0 ? sum_bV_Lengthbars / sum_tV_Lengthbars * 100 : na selling_percentage = sum_tV_Lengthbars != 0 ? -(sum_sV_Lengthbars / sum_tV_Lengthbars * 100) : na OBV Oscillator Explanation The On Balance Volume (OBV) indicator is a technical analysis tool used to measure buying and selling pressure in the market. It does this by keeping a running total of volume flows. OBV is typically calculated by adding the volume on a candle when the price closes higher than the previous candle's close and subtracting the volume on candles when the price closes lower than the previous candles close. If the price closes unchanged from the previous candle, the volume is not added to or subtracted from the OBV. The OBV can be presented as an oscillator. Positve value is the buying pressure and negative values is the selling pressure. In the settings the OBV is calculated based on 1 min data and comes with the following input options for visualization on the chart: Higher Time Frame Settings (make sure the HTF is higher than the chart you have open) Type of MA being: EMA, DEMA, TEMA, SMA, WMA, HMA, McGinley Volume Pressure % (outlier value) Length of number of bars (of the choosen HTF settings) Smoothing of number candles of hte opened timechart. Note that higher number of bars to smoothen the indicator results in less signals, but lag of the indicator increases. The Oscilator contains 3 main lines which are used to determin the entry signals: Orange Line = the Outlier value in settings described as "Volume Pressure %" Green Line = Total Buying Pressure OBV Red Line = Total Selling Pressure OBV If the Green or Red line is in between the zero line and the orange line the volume is squeezed and waiting for a directional break out. If the Green line crosses over the orange line the buying pressure is > 55% and triggers a long entry position (green dot). If the Red line crosses under the orange line the selling pressure is > 55% and triggers an short entry (red dot). In the strategy settings this option is called: "Wait for total volume to increase?". Alternative Strategy Options In order to play around with different settings users can opt for two more strategy entry settings, called: "Wait for total volume to deacrease?" --> Only gives a signal when total volume is declining, but buying or selling pressure maintains and crosses % threshold. "Wait for Pull Back?" --> After a pullback occured and opposite buy/sell pressure gets lower than threshold (direction is shifting) Turning on all options will logically result into more signals. Note these strategy ideas are experimental and can best be used in confirmation with other indicators. Moving Average Filter (HTF) The Oscillator has a horizontal line at the bottom. The line is green when the moving average is in a uptrend and red when the moving average is in a downtrend. The MA Filter comes with the following settings: Higher Time Frame Setting Type of MA being: EMA, DEMA, TEMA, SMA, WMA, HMA, McGinley Length of number of bars (of the choosen HTF settings) At last I hope you like this volume trading idea and if you have any comments let me know!
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh Harrocop
3
3 Bar PlayThe "3 Bar Play" is a simple yet powerful pattern that traders look for as a signal of potential market movement. The pattern is defined by a sequence of three bars (or candlesticks) on the chart: I saw Rake Trades post about this pattern. It not a new concept just wanted it to automatically be plotted on my chart rather then looking out for it. Up 3 Bar Play: This pattern signals a potential upward movement. The first bar (two bars ago from the current bar) must close higher than it opened, indicating a bullish bar. The second bar (the previous bar) must close lower than it opened, indicating a bearish bar, but its low should be higher than the low of the first bar, showing that bears couldn't push the price much lower. The third bar (the current bar) must open and close higher than the previous bar, closing above the high of the second bar, confirming the bullish sentiment. Down 3 Bar Play: This pattern signals a potential downward movement. The first bar (two bars ago from the current bar) must close lower than it opened, indicating a bearish bar. The second bar (the previous bar) must close higher than it opened, indicating a bullish bar, but its high should be lower than the high of the first bar, showing that bulls couldn't push the price much higher. The third bar (the current bar) must open and close lower than the previous bar, closing below the low of the second bar, confirming the bearish sentiment. Plotting the Patterns plotshape(): This function is used to plot shapes on the chart to visually highlight where the patterns occur. For an "Up 3 Bar Play", a green triangle pointing upwards is plotted below the bullish pattern to indicate a potential buy signal. For a "Down 3 Bar Play", a red triangle pointing downwards is plotted above the bearish pattern to indicate a potential sell signal. Key Points This script helps traders quickly identify potential entry points based on the 3 Bar Play pattern without manually scanning the charts. It's important to remember that no single pattern guarantees market movements, and it's often used in conjunction with other indicators and analysis methods. This script is a practical tool for those looking to incorporate the 3 Bar Play pattern into their trading strategy, offering a clear visual cue on the chart whenever the pattern is identified. Please understand the 3 bar play and where you should set your stop loss
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh boonthegoon
1
Inversion Fair Value Gap Screener | Flux Charts💎 GENERAL OVERVIEW Introducing our new Inverse Fair Value Gap Screener! This screener can provide information about the latest Inverse Fair Value Gaps in up to 5 tickers. You can also customize the algorithm that finds the Inverse Fair Value Gaps and the styling of the screener. Features of the new Inverse Fair Value Gap (IFVG) Screener : Find Latest Inverse Fair Value Gaps Across 5 Tickers Shows Their Information Of : Latest Status Number Of Retests Consumption Percent Volume Customizable Algorithm / Styling 📌 HOW DOES IT WORK ? A Fair Value Gap generally occur when there is an imbalance in the market. They can be detected by specific formations within the chart. An Inverse Fair Value Gap is when a FVG becomes invalidated, thus reversing the direction of the FVG. IFVGs get consumed when a Close / Wick enters the IFVG zone. Check this example: This screener then finds Fair Value Gaps across 5 different tickers, and shows the latest information about them. Status -> Far -> The current price is far away from the IFVG. Approaching ⬆️/⬇️ -> The current price is approaching the IFVG, and the direction it's approaching from. Inside -> The price is currently inside the IFVG. Retests -> Retest means the price tried to invalidate the IFVG, but failed to do so. Here you can see how many times the price retested the IFVG. Consumed -> IFVGs get consumed when a Close / Wick enters the IFVG zone. For example, if the price hits the middle of the IFVG zone, the zone is considered 50% consumed. Volume -> Volume of a IFVG is essentially the volume of the bar that broke the original FVG that formed it. 🚩UNIQUENESS This screener can detect latest Inverse Fair Value Gaps and give information about them for up to 5 tickers. This saves the user time by showing them all in a dashboard at the same time. The screener also uniquely shows information about the number of retests and the consumed percent of the IFVG, as well as it's volume. We believe that this extra information will help you spot reliable IFVGs easier. ⚙️SETTINGS 1. Tickers You can set up to 5 tickers for the screener to scan Fair Value Gaps here. You can also enable / disable them and set their individual timeframes. 2. General Configuration FVG Zone Invalidation -> Select between Wick & Close price for FVG Zone Invalidation. IFVG Zone Invalidation -> Select between Wick & Close price for IFVG Zone Invalidation. This setting also switches the type for IFVG consumption. Zone Filtering -> With "Average Range" selected, algorithm will find FVG zones in comparison with average range of last bars in the chart. With the "Volume Threshold" option, you may select a Volume Threshold % to spot FVGs with a larger total volume than average. FVG Detection -> With the "Same Type" option, all 3 bars that formed the FVG should be the same type. (Bullish / Bearish). If the "All" option is selected, bar types may vary between Bullish / Bearish. Detection Sensitivity -> You may select between Low, Normal or High FVG detection sensitivity. This will essentially determine the size of the spotted FVGs, with lower sensitivities resulting in spotting bigger FVGs, and higher sensitivities resulting in spotting all sizes of FVGs.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh fluxchart
2
Bitcoin Momentum StrategyThis is a very simple long-only strategy I've used since December 2022 to manage my Bitcoin position. I'm sharing it as an open-source script for other traders to learn from the code and adapt it to their liking if they find the system concept interesting. General Overview Always do your own research and backtesting - this script is not intended to be traded blindly (no script should be) and I've done limited testing on other markets beyond Ethereum and BTC, it's just a template to tweak and play with and make into one's own. The results shown in the strategy tester are from Bitcoin's inception so as to get a large sample size of trades, and potential returns have diminished significantly as BTC has grown to become a mega cap asset, but the script includes a date filter for backtesting and it has still performed solidly in recent years (speaking from personal experience using it myself - DYOR with the date filter). The main advantage of this system in my opinion is in limiting the max drawdown significantly versus buy & hodl. Theoretically much better returns can be made by just holding, but that's also a good way to lose 70%+ of your capital in the inevitable bear markets (also speaking from experience). In saying all of that, the future is fundamentally unknowable and past results in no way guarantee future performance. System Concept: Capture as much Bitcoin upside volatility as possible while side-stepping downside volatility as quickly as possible. The system uses a simple but clever momentum-style trailing stop technique I learned from one of my trading mentors who uses this approach on momentum/trend-following stock market systems. Basically, the system "ratchets" up the stop-loss to be much tighter during high bearish volatility to protect open profits from downside moves, but loosens the stop loss during sustained bullish momentum to let the position ride. It is invested most of the time, unless BTC is trading below its 20-week EMA in which case it stays in cash/USDT to avoid holding through bear markets. It only trades one position (no pyramiding) and does not trade short, but can easily be tweaked to do whatever you like if you know what you're doing in Pine. Default parameters: HTF: Weekly Chart EMA: 20-Period ATR: 5-period Bar Lookback: 7 Entry Rule #1: Bitcoin's current price must be trading above its higher-timeframe EMA (Weekly 20 EMA). Entry Rule #2: Bitcoin must not be in 'caution' condition (no large bearish volatility swings recently). Enter at next bar's open if conditions are met and we are not already involved in a trade. "Caution" Condition: Defined as true if BTC's recent 7-bar swing high minus current bar's low is > 1.5x ATR, or Daily close < Daily 20-EMA. Trailing Stop: Stop is trailed 1 ATR from recent swing high, or 20% of ATR if in caution condition (ie. 0.2 ATR). Exit on next bar open upon a close below stop loss. I typically use a limit order to open & exit trades as close to the open price as possible to reduce slippage, but the strategy script uses market orders. I've never had any issues getting filled on limit orders close to the market price with BTC on the Daily timeframe, but if the exchange has relatively low slippage I've found market orders work fine too without much impact on the results particularly since BTC has consistently remained above $20k and highly liquid. Cost of Trading: The script uses no leverage and a default total round-trip commission of 0.3% which is what I pay on my exchange based on their tier structure, but this can vary widely from exchange to exchange and higher commission fees will have a significantly negative impact on realized gains so make sure to always input the correct theoretical commission cost when backtesting any script. Static slippage is difficult to estimate in the strategy tester given the wide range of prices & liquidity BTC has experienced over the years and it largely depends on position size, I set it to 150 points per buy or sell as BTC is currently very liquid on the exchange I trade and I use limit orders where possible to enter/exit positions as close as possible to the market's open price as it significantly limits my slippage. But again, this can vary a lot from exchange to exchange (for better or worse) and if BTC volatility is high at the time of execution this can have a negative impact on slippage and therefore real performance, so make sure to adjust it according to your exchange's tendencies. Tax considerations should also be made based on short-term trade frequency if crypto profits are treated as a CGT event in your region. Summary: A simple, but effective and fairly robust system that achieves the goals I set for it. From my preliminary testing it appears it may also work on altcoins but it might need a bit of tweaking/loosening with the trailing stop distance as the default parameters are designed to work with Bitcoin which obviously behaves very differently to smaller cap assets. Good luck out there!
Strategi Pine Script®
oleh ZenAndTheArtOfTrading
3
Wick %Heyo Fellas, thanks for checking out my new indicator. Introduction Wick % is a simple indicator to compare wick size with body size (mode 1) and to compare wick size with candle size (mode 2). Upper wicks are bullish when close is higher than open pricen. Lower wicks are bearish when close is lower than open price. Wick Theory In general, big wick and small bodie on a bar means that bull and bears are fighting heavily. A big wick below the body means the bulls are leading in that fight, and a big wick above the body means the bears are leading in that fight. Calculation Formula Mode 1 – Percentual Increase Wick/Body: upperWickPercentage = (upperWick / body) * 100 - 100 lowerWickPercentage = (lowerWick / body) * 100 - 100 Mode 2 – Percent Wick/Candlestick: upperWickPercentage = (upperWick / (high - low)) * 100 lowerWickPercentage = (lowerWick / (high - low)) * 100 Usage You can use it on every symbol and every timeframe. The indicator repaints by default, but you can disable it in the settings. When you disable repaint, it moves the label one bar to the right. If you want to use the indicator for signals, you must disable repainting. Best regards, simwai
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh simwai
4
BAERMThe Bitcoin Auto-correlation Exchange Rate Model: A Novel Two Step Approach THIS IS NOT FINANCIAL ADVICE. THIS ARTICLE IS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES ONLY. If you enjoy this software and information, please consider contributing to my lightning address Prelude It has been previously established that the Bitcoin daily USD exchange rate series is extremely auto-correlated In this article, we will utilise this fact to build a model for Bitcoin/USD exchange rate. But not a model for predicting the exchange rate, but rather a model to understand the fundamental reasons for the Bitcoin to have this exchange rate to begin with. This is a model of sound money, scarcity and subjective value. Introduction Bitcoin, a decentralised peer to peer digital value exchange network, has experienced significant exchange rate fluctuations since its inception in 2009. In this article, we explore a two-step model that reasonably accurately captures both the fundamental drivers of Bitcoin’s value and the cyclical patterns of bull and bear markets. This model, whilst it can produce forecasts, is meant more of a way of understanding past exchange rate changes and understanding the fundamental values driving the ever increasing exchange rate. The forecasts from the model are to be considered inconclusive and speculative only. Data preparation To develop the BAERM, we used historical Bitcoin data from Coin Metrics, a leading provider of Bitcoin market data. The dataset includes daily USD exchange rates, block counts, and other relevant information. We pre-processed the data by performing the following steps: Fixing date formats and setting the dataset’s time index Generating cumulative sums for blocks and halving periods Calculating daily rewards and total supply Computing the log-transformed price Step 1: Building the Base Model To build the base model, we analysed data from the first two epochs (time periods between Bitcoin mining reward halvings) and regressed the logarithm of Bitcoin’s exchange rate on the mining reward and epoch. This base model captures the fundamental relationship between Bitcoin’s exchange rate, mining reward, and halving epoch. where Yt represents the exchange rate at day t, Epochk is the kth epoch (for that t), and epsilont is the error term. The coefficients beta0, beta1, and beta2 are estimated using ordinary least squares regression. Base Model Regression We use ordinary least squares regression to estimate the coefficients for the betas in figure 2. In order to reduce the possibility of over-fitting and ensure there is sufficient out of sample for testing accuracy, the base model is only trained on the first two epochs. You will notice in the code we calculate the beta2 variable prior and call it “phaseplus”. The code below shows the regression for the base model coefficients: \# Run the regression mask = df\ < 2 # we only want to use Epoch's 0 and 1 to estimate the coefficients for the base model reg\_X = df.loc\ [mask, \ \].shift(1).iloc\ reg\_y = df.loc\ .iloc\ reg\_X = sm.add\_constant(reg\_X) ols = sm.OLS(reg\_y, reg\_X).fit() coefs = ols.params.values print(coefs) The result of this regression gives us the coefficients for the betas of the base model: \ or in more human readable form: 0.029, 0.996869586, -0.00043. NB that for the auto-correlation/momentum beta, we did NOT round the significant figures at all. Since the momentum is so important in this model, we must use all available significant figures. Fundamental Insights from the Base Model Momentum effect: The term 0.997 Y suggests that the exchange rate of Bitcoin on a given day (Yi) is heavily influenced by the exchange rate on the previous day. This indicates a momentum effect, where the price of Bitcoin tends to follow its recent trend. Momentum effect is a phenomenon observed in various financial markets, including stocks and other commodities. It implies that an asset’s price is more likely to continue moving in its current direction, either upwards or downwards, over the short term. The momentum effect can be driven by several factors: Behavioural biases: Investors may exhibit herding behaviour or be subject to cognitive biases such as confirmation bias, which could lead them to buy or sell assets based on recent trends, reinforcing the momentum. Positive feedback loops: As more investors notice a trend and act on it, the trend may gain even more traction, leading to a self-reinforcing positive feedback loop. This can cause prices to continue moving in the same direction, further amplifying the momentum effect. Technical analysis: Many traders use technical analysis to make investment decisions, which often involves studying historical exchange rate trends and chart patterns to predict future exchange rate movements. When a large number of traders follow similar strategies, their collective actions can create and reinforce exchange rate momentum. Impact of halving events: In the Bitcoin network, new bitcoins are created as a reward to miners for validating transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain. This reward is called the block reward, and it is halved approximately every four years, or every 210,000 blocks. This event is known as a halving. The primary purpose of halving events is to control the supply of new bitcoins entering the market, ultimately leading to a capped supply of 21 million bitcoins. As the block reward decreases, the rate at which new bitcoins are created slows down, and this can have significant implications for the price of Bitcoin. The term -0.0004*(50/(2^epochk) — (epochk+1)²) accounts for the impact of the halving events on the Bitcoin exchange rate. The model seems to suggest that the exchange rate of Bitcoin is influenced by a function of the number of halving events that have occurred. Exponential decay and the decreasing impact of the halvings: The first part of this term, 50/(2^epochk), indicates that the impact of each subsequent halving event decays exponentially, implying that the influence of halving events on the Bitcoin exchange rate diminishes over time. This might be due to the decreasing marginal effect of each halving event on the overall Bitcoin supply as the block reward gets smaller and smaller. This is antithetical to the wrong and popular stock to flow model, which suggests the opposite. Given the accuracy of the BAERM, this is yet another reason to question the S2F model, from a fundamental perspective. The second part of the term, (epochk+1)², introduces a non-linear relationship between the halving events and the exchange rate. This non-linear aspect could reflect that the impact of halving events is not constant over time and may be influenced by various factors such as market dynamics, speculation, and changing market conditions. The combination of these two terms is expressed by the graph of the model line (see figure 3), where it can be seen the step from each halving is decaying, and the step up from each halving event is given by a parabolic curve. NB - The base model has been trained on the first two halving epochs and then seeded (i.e. the first lag point) with the oldest data available. Constant term: The constant term 0.03 in the equation represents an inherent baseline level of growth in the Bitcoin exchange rate. In any linear or linear-like model, the constant term, also known as the intercept or bias, represents the value of the dependent variable (in this case, the log-scaled Bitcoin USD exchange rate) when all the independent variables are set to zero. The constant term indicates that even without considering the effects of the previous day’s exchange rate or halving events, there is a baseline growth in the exchange rate of Bitcoin. This baseline growth could be due to factors such as the network’s overall growth or increasing adoption, or changes in the market structure (more exchanges, changes to the regulatory environment, improved liquidity, more fiat on-ramps etc). Base Model Regression Diagnostics Below is a summary of the model generated by the OLS function OLS Regression Results \============================================================================== Dep. Variable: logprice R-squared: 0.999 Model: OLS Adj. R-squared: 0.999 Method: Least Squares F-statistic: 2.041e+06 Date: Fri, 28 Apr 2023 Prob (F-statistic): 0.00 Time: 11:06:58 Log-Likelihood: 3001.6 No. Observations: 2182 AIC: -5997. Df Residuals: 2179 BIC: -5980. Df Model: 2 Covariance Type: nonrobust \============================================================================== coef std err t P>|t| \ \------------------------------------------------------------------------------ const 0.0292 0.009 3.081 0.002 0.011 0.048 logprice 0.9969 0.001 1012.724 0.000 0.995 0.999 phaseplus -0.0004 0.000 -2.239 0.025 -0.001 -5.3e-05 \============================================================================== Omnibus: 674.771 Durbin-Watson: 1.901 Prob(Omnibus): 0.000 Jarque-Bera (JB): 24937.353 Skew: -0.765 Prob(JB): 0.00 Kurtosis: 19.491 Cond. No. 255. \============================================================================== Below we see some regression diagnostics along with the regression itself. Diagnostics: We can see that the residuals are looking a little skewed and there is some heteroskedasticity within the residuals. The coefficient of determination, or r2 is very high, but that is to be expected given the momentum term. A better r2 is manually calculated by the sum square of the difference of the model to the untrained data. This can be achieved by the following code: \# Calculate the out-of-sample R-squared oos\_mask = df\ >= 2 oos\_actual = df.loc\ oos\_predicted = df.loc\ residuals\_oos = oos\_actual - oos\_predicted SSR = np.sum(residuals\_oos \*\* 2) SST = np.sum((oos\_actual - oos\_actual.mean()) \*\* 2) R2\_oos = 1 - SSR/SST print("Out-of-sample R-squared:", R2\_oos) The result is: 0.84, which indicates a very close fit to the out of sample data for the base model, which goes some way to proving our fundamental assumption around subjective value and sound money to be accurate. Step 2: Adding the Damping Function Next, we incorporated a damping function to capture the cyclical nature of bull and bear markets. The optimal parameters for the damping function were determined by regressing on the residuals from the base model. The damping function enhances the model’s ability to identify and predict bull and bear cycles in the Bitcoin market. The addition of the damping function to the base model is expressed as the full model equation. This brings me to the question — why? Why add the damping function to the base model, which is arguably already performing extremely well out of sample and providing valuable insights into the exchange rate movements of Bitcoin. Fundamental reasoning behind the addition of a damping function: Subjective Theory of Value: The cyclical component of the damping function, represented by the cosine function, can be thought of as capturing the periodic fluctuations in market sentiment. These fluctuations may arise from various factors, such as changes in investor risk appetite, macroeconomic conditions, or technological advancements. Mathematically, the cyclical component represents the frequency of these fluctuations, while the phase shift (α and β) allows for adjustments in the alignment of these cycles with historical data. This flexibility enables the damping function to account for the heterogeneity in market participants’ preferences and expectations, which is a key aspect of the subjective theory of value. Time Preference and Market Cycles: The exponential decay component of the damping function, represented by the term e^(-0.0004t), can be linked to the concept of time preference and its impact on market dynamics. In financial markets, the discounting of future cash flows is a common practice, reflecting the time value of money and the inherent uncertainty of future events. The exponential decay in the damping function serves a similar purpose, diminishing the influence of past market cycles as time progresses. This decay term introduces a time-dependent weight to the cyclical component, capturing the dynamic nature of the Bitcoin market and the changing relevance of past events. Interactions between Cyclical and Exponential Decay Components: The interplay between the cyclical and exponential decay components in the damping function captures the complex dynamics of the Bitcoin market. The damping function effectively models the attenuation of past cycles while also accounting for their periodic nature. This allows the model to adapt to changing market conditions and to provide accurate predictions even in the face of significant volatility or structural shifts. Now we have the fundamental reasoning for the addition of the function, we can explore the actual implementation and look to other analogies for guidance — Financial and physical analogies to the damping function: Mathematical Aspects: The exponential decay component, e^(-0.0004t), attenuates the amplitude of the cyclical component over time. This attenuation factor is crucial in modelling the diminishing influence of past market cycles. The cyclical component, represented by the cosine function, accounts for the periodic nature of market cycles, with α determining the frequency of these cycles and β representing the phase shift. The constant term (+3) ensures that the function remains positive, which is important for practical applications, as the damping function is added to the rest of the model to obtain the final predictions. Analogies to Existing Damping Functions: The damping function in the BAERM is similar to damped harmonic oscillators found in physics. In a damped harmonic oscillator, an object in motion experiences a restoring force proportional to its displacement from equilibrium and a damping force proportional to its velocity. The equation of motion for a damped harmonic oscillator is: x’’(t) + 2γx’(t) + ω₀²x(t) = 0 where x(t) is the displacement, ω₀ is the natural frequency, and γ is the damping coefficient. The damping function in the BAERM shares similarities with the solution to this equation, which is typically a product of an exponential decay term and a sinusoidal term. The exponential decay term in the BAERM captures the attenuation of past market cycles, while the cosine term represents the periodic nature of these cycles. Comparisons with Financial Models: In finance, damped oscillatory models have been applied to model interest rates, stock prices, and exchange rates. The famous Black-Scholes option pricing model, for instance, assumes that stock prices follow a geometric Brownian motion, which can exhibit oscillatory behavior under certain conditions. In fixed income markets, the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) model for interest rates also incorporates mean reversion and stochastic volatility, leading to damped oscillatory dynamics. By drawing on these analogies, we can better understand the technical aspects of the damping function in the BAERM and appreciate its effectiveness in modelling the complex dynamics of the Bitcoin market. The damping function captures both the periodic nature of market cycles and the attenuation of past events’ influence. Conclusion In this article, we explored the Bitcoin Auto-correlation Exchange Rate Model (BAERM), a novel 2-step linear regression model for understanding the Bitcoin USD exchange rate. We discussed the model’s components, their interpretations, and the fundamental insights they provide about Bitcoin exchange rate dynamics. The BAERM’s ability to capture the fundamental properties of Bitcoin is particularly interesting. The framework underlying the model emphasises the importance of individuals’ subjective valuations and preferences in determining prices. The momentum term, which accounts for auto-correlation, is a testament to this idea, as it shows that historical price trends influence market participants’ expectations and valuations. This observation is consistent with the notion that the price of Bitcoin is determined by individuals’ preferences based on past information. Furthermore, the BAERM incorporates the impact of Bitcoin’s supply dynamics on its price through the halving epoch terms. By acknowledging the significance of supply-side factors, the model reflects the principles of sound money. A limited supply of money, such as that of Bitcoin, maintains its value and purchasing power over time. The halving events, which reduce the block reward, play a crucial role in making Bitcoin increasingly scarce, thus reinforcing its attractiveness as a store of value and a medium of exchange. The constant term in the model serves as the baseline for the model’s predictions and can be interpreted as an inherent value attributed to Bitcoin. This value emphasizes the significance of the underlying technology, network effects, and Bitcoin’s role as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. These aspects are all essential for a sound form of money, and the model’s ability to account for them further showcases its strength in capturing the fundamental properties of Bitcoin. The BAERM offers a potential robust and well-founded methodology for understanding the Bitcoin USD exchange rate, taking into account the key factors that drive it from both supply and demand perspectives. In conclusion, the Bitcoin Auto-correlation Exchange Rate Model provides a comprehensive fundamentally grounded and hopefully useful framework for understanding the Bitcoin USD exchange rate.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh ciphernom
MACD by Take and TradeImproved version of MACD with asymmetrical BUY and SELL approaches. This indicator is based on popular MACD one, but with some "tricks" designed to make it more applicable to the rapidly changing crypto market. Key benefits: Dynamic auto-adjusted threshold to filter out weak signals Highlighted BUY/SELL signals with divergence (if a signal is accompanied by divergence, for example, price makes a new high while macd has a second high below the first, this signal is considered stronger and will be highlighted in a darker color) Boost BUY signals on very slow market in accumulation phase Not symmetric! It uses 2 different signal lines, which allows to obtain SELL signals earlier comparing to classic MACD approach Classic concept of MACD Classic MACD, in its simplest case, consists of two lines - macd line and signal line. Macd line is a difference between so-called "fast" and "slow" EMA lines (there are just a Exponential Moving Average lines with different windows: "12" for fast and "26" for slow). Signal line is just a smoothed "macd" line. When macd line crosses signal line from bottom to up and intersection point < 0, this is "BUY" signal. And vise versa, when macd line crosses signal line from top to bottom, and intersection point > 0, this is "SELL" signal. Parameters used in default configuration of classic MACD indicator: Fast line: EMA-12 Slow line: EMA-26 Signal line: EMA-9 Problem of classic concept Classic MACD indicator usually gives not bad "BUY" signals, especially if using them not for operational trading but for "investment" strategy. But "SELL" signalls usually generated too late. Simply because the market tends to fall much faster than it rises. Possible solution (the main feature of our version of MACD) To make indicator react faster on SELL condition, while still keeping it reliable for BUY signals, we decided to use two signal lines . Faster than default signal line (with window=6) for BUY signals and much faster than default (with window=2) for SELL signals. This approach allowed us to receive sell signals earlier and exit deals on more favorable prices. Trade off of this change - is the number of SELL signals - there were more of them. However, this does not matter, since we receive the very first sell signal with a "very fast signal line" much earlier than with classic indicator settings. Parameters we use in our improved MACD indicator: Fast line: EMA-12 Slow line: EMA-24 Faster signal line: EMA-6 Much faster signal line: EMA-2 Removing noise (false triggerings) Other drawback of classic MACD - it generates a lot of "weak" (false) signals. This signals are generated when macd crosses signal line much close to zero-line. And usually there are a lot of such intersections. To remove this kind of noise, we added a trigger threshold, which by default is equal to 2.5% of the average asset price over a long period of time. Due to the link to the average price, this threshold automatically takes a specific value for each trading pair. Threshold 2.5% works perfect for all trading pairs for 1D timeframe. For other timeframes user can (and maybe will want) change it. Boost weak BUY signals in a prolonged bear market Signals on bearish stage are usually very weak, because there is no volatility, and no price impulse. And such signals will be filtered out as "noise" - see above. But this time is perfect time to buy! Therefore, we further boost the buy signals in a prolonged bear market so that they can pass through the filter and appear on the chart. Bearish period is the best time to invest! Developed by Take and Trade. Enjoy using it!
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh andrew_dd
3
Grucha Percentage Index (GPI) V2Grucha Percentage Index originally created by Polish coder named Grzegorz Antosiewicz in 2011 as mql code. This code is adapted by his original code to tradingview's pinescript. What Does it Do GPI is an oscillator that finds the lowest/highest prices with certain depth and generates signals by comparing the bull and bear bars. It use two lines, one is the original GPI calculation, the other is the smoothed version of the original line. How to Use GPI can catch quick volatility based movements and can be used as a confirmation indicator along with your existing trading system. When GDI (default color yellow) crosses above the GDI MA (default colored blue) it can be considered as a bullish movement and reverse can be considered as bearish movement. How does it Work The main calculation is done via the code below: for i=0 to length if candleC < 0 minus += candleC if candleC >= 0 plus -= candleC Simply we are adding green and red bars seperately and then getting their percentage to the bullish movement to reflect correctly in a 0-100 z-score enviroment via the code below: res = (math.abs(minus)/sum)*100 Rest is all about plotting the results and adding seperate line with smoothing. Note These kind of oscillators are not designed to be used alone for signal generation but rather should be used in combination with different indicators to increase reliability of your signals. Happy Trading.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh serkany88
3
CBO (Candle Bias Oscillator)The Candle Bias Oscillator (CBO) with volume and ATR scaling is a unique technical analysis tool designed to capture market sentiment through the analysis of candlestick patterns, volume momentum, and market volatility. This indicator is built on the foundation of assessing the bias within a candlestick's body and wicks, adjusted for market volatility using the Average True Range (ATR), and further refined by comparing the Rate of Change (ROC) in volume and the adjusted bias. The culmination of these calculations results in the CBO, a smoothed oscillator that highlights potential market turning points through divergence analysis. Key Features: Bias Calculations: Utilizes the relationship between the candle's body and wicks to determine the market's immediate bias, offering a nuanced view beyond simple price action. Have you ever wanted to quantify exactly how bullish or bearish a particular candle or candlestick pattern is? Whether it's dojis, hammers, engulfing, gravestones, evening morning star, three soldiers etc. you don't have to memorize 50 candlestick patterns anymore. Volatility Adjustment: Employs the ATR to adjust the bias calculation, ensuring the oscillator remains relevant across varying market conditions by accounting for volatility. Momentum and Divergence: Measures the momentum in volume and bias through ROC calculations, identifying divergence that may signal reversals or significant price movements. Signal Line: A smoothed version of the CBO, derived from its own values, serving as a benchmark for identifying potential crossovers and divergences. Utility and Application: The CBO with Divergence Scaling is developed for traders who seek a deeper understanding of market dynamics beyond price movements alone. It is particularly useful for identifying potential reversals or continuation patterns early, by highlighting divergence between market sentiment (as expressed through candlestick bias) and actual volume movements. In this way, it aligns us retail traders with institutional traders and smart money. This indicator is versatile and can be applied across various time frames and market instruments, offering value to both short-term traders and long-term investors. How to Use: Trend Identification: The direction and value of the CBO provide insights into the prevailing market trend. A positive oscillator value may indicate bullish sentiment, while a negative value suggests bearish sentiment. Signal Line Crossovers: Crossovers between the CBO and its signal line can be used as potential buy or sell signals. A crossover above the signal line might indicate a buying opportunity, whereas a crossover below could suggest a selling point. Divergence: Discrepancies between the CBO and price action (especially when confirmed by volume ROC) can highlight potential reversals. Customization and Parameters: This script allows users to adjust several parameters, including oscillator periods, signal line periods, ATR periods, and ROC periods for divergence, to best fit their trading strategy and the characteristics of the market they are analyzing. Conclusion: The Custom Bias Oscillator with Divergence Scaling is a comprehensive tool designed to offer traders a multi-faceted view of market conditions, combining elements of price action, volatility, and momentum. By integrating these aspects into a single indicator, it aims to provide a more rounded and actionable insight into market trends and potential turning points. To comply with best practices and ensure clarity regarding the informational nature of the Custom Bias Oscillator (CBO) tool, it's crucial to include a disclaimer about the non-advisory nature of the script. Here's a suitable disclaimer that you can add to the end of your script description or publication: Disclaimer: The Custom Bias Oscillator (CBO) with Divergence Scaling and its accompanying analysis are provided as tools for educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice. The creator of this indicator does not guarantee any specific outcomes or profit, and all users should be aware of the risks involved in trading and investing. Users should conduct their own research and consult with a professional financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The use of this indicator is at the user's own risk, and the creator bears no responsibility for any direct or consequential loss arising from any use of this tool or the information provided herein.
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh Tradenometry
GG - LevelsThe GG Levels indicator is a tool designed for day trading U.S. equity futures. It highlights key levels intraday, overnight, intermediate-swing levels that are relevant for intraday futures trading. Terminology RTH (Regular Trading Hours): Represents the New York session from 09:30 to 17:00 EST. ON Session (Overnight Session): Represents the trading activity from 17:00 to 09:29 EST. IB (Initial Balance): The first hour of the New York session, from 09:30 to 10:30 EST. Open: The opening price of the RTH session. YH (Yesterday's High): The highest price during the RTH session of the previous day. YL (Yesterday's Low): The lowest price during the RTH session of the previous day. YC (Yesterday's Close): The daily bar close which for futures gets updated to settlement. IBH (Initial Balance High): The highest price during the IB session. IBL (Initial Balance Low): The lowest price during the IB session. ONH (Overnight High): The highest price during the ON session. ONL (Overnight Low): The lowest price during the ON session. VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price): The volume-weighted average price that resets each day. Why is RTH Important? Tracking the RTH session is important because often times the overnight session can be filled with "lies". It is thought that because the overnight session is lower volume price can be pushed or "manipulated" to extremes that would not happen during higher volume times. Why is the ON Session Important Then? Just because the ON session can be thought as a "lie" doesn't mean it is relevant to know. For example, if price is stuck inside the ON range then you can think of the market as rotational or range-bound. If price is above the ON range then it can be thought of as bullish. If price is below the ON range then it can be thought as bearish. What is IB? IB or initial balance is the first hour of the New York Session. Typically the market sets the tone for the day in the first hour. This tone is similarly a map like the ON session. If we are above the IBH then it is bullish and likely a trend day to the upside. If we are below the IBL then it is bearish and likely a trend day to the downside. If we are in IB then we want to avoid conducting business in the middle of IBH and IBL to avoid getting chopped up in a range bound market. These levels are not a holy grail You should use this indicator as guide or map for context about the instrument you are trading. You need to combine your own technical analysis with this indicator. You want as much context confirming your trade thesis in order to enter a trade. Simply buying or selling because we are above or below a level is not recommended in any circumstance. If it were that easy I would not publish this indicator. Adjustments In the indicator settings you can adjust the RTH, ON, and IB session-time settings. All of the times entered must be in EST (Eastern Standard Time). You may want to do this to apply the levels to a foreign market. Examples
Penunjuk Pine Script®
oleh GoodGains
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