PineGIF - Display Gifs & Images In Tradingview [LuxAlgo]Pinescript is not designed to create or display images, let alone gifs, but it's very fun to try, and that's what this script does. This script allows the user to display three different gifs. In this post, we explain how we managed to display images/gif's using pinescript tables.
1. Image Pre-Processing
Due to pinescript limitations, we can't possibly display images with an excessively high resolution. As such we targeted pixel art as a primary image source. We used a pixel art gif of the magnificent Octocat (the mascot for the source-code hosting service GitHub) for our first try.
We first extract each frame from the gif and resize them to a 50x50 resolution which returns frames made of 2500 pixels. This process was done using python.
Getting Individual Pixels RGBA Values
Python can easily return a matrix containing each pixel's rgba value. For convenience, we converted the rgba values to hex.
We then create a simple code allowing us to return a pinescript array containing the 2500 pixel hex colors. We do this process for each frame.
2. Defining Table Cell Color
In the code, each frame is its own array. We create a new table with dimensions equal to len(frame1)^2 (we assume height = width).
The color of a cell is defined by the color of the image pixel at the same exact location. When a new bar is created, we do this exact process using a different frame which ultimately allows a new frame to be displayed.
3. Playing The GIFs
By default, the script will play the gif of the Tradingview cloud logo raining. In order to play the gif, simply use the replay mode. The replay speed allows the user to determine the frame rate (0.1 for the raining cloud and Nyan cat works best, 0.5 for Octocat).
We included the frames of the Octocat and Nyan cat gifs in the script.
4. Some Other Cool Images
Displaying static images is possible and involves the same process described above.
An original idea of the lizard, implemented by the wizard.
Cari dalam skrip untuk "luxalgo"
Directional Matrix [LuxAlgo]Returns a dashboard showing the direction taken by 4 overlay indicators, SMA (simple moving average), TMA (triangular moving average), WMA (weighted moving average), and REG (linear regression), all using different length periods.
The user can select the minimum and maximum length of these indicators and introduce an increment.
1. Settings
Maximum Length: The end value of sequences of the indicator periods to analyze
Minimum Length: The starting value of sequences of the indicator periods to analyze
Step: Determines the spacing between each indicator periods values
Src: Data source for each of the 4 indicators
1.1 Style settings
Normalized Change Mode: Allows the user to access a different interpretation of the indicator by showing the normalized first differences of each indicator in the dashboard instead of their sign
Dashboard Location: Location of the dashboard on the chart
Dashboard Size: Size of the dashboard on the chart
Text/Frame Color: Determines the color of the frame grid as well as the text color
Bullish Cell Color: Determines the color of cell associated with a rising indicator direction
Bearish Cell Color: Determines the color of cell associated with a decreasing indicator direction
Cell Transparency: Transparency of each cell
2. Usage
Each of the indicators included in the dashboard aim to give an estimate of the underlying trend in the price. Knowing which direction they are taking can help us have a broader view regarding the direction of shorter/longer-term trends. We will later see that this is not the only kind of information that we can get from this indicator.
Rising indicators are represented by blue cells (or the color selected in the Bullish Cell Color setting) while decreasing indicators are represented by red cells (or the color selected in the Bearish Cell Color setting).
The percentage of bullish cells is given in the top-left cell of the dashboard.
2.1 Normalized change mode
Enabling the Normalized Change mode will display the normalized changes returned by the indicators over different length periods. This metric is within a range (0,1), with 1 indicating the highest change over the selected length periods, while 0 indicates the lowest one.
When enabling this mode the color of the cells makes use of a gradient with a color palette ranging from the color selected in the Bearish Cell setting to the color selected in the Bullish Cell setting.
2.1 Other Usage
The direction taken by certain indicators can give more information than one would think. Indeed, the sign of the change of one indicator can often be given by different indicators.
A positive change in a simple moving average indicates that the price is greater than the price p bars ago, where p is the period of the simple moving average.
A positive change in a triangular moving average indicates that a simple moving average of period p is above a simple moving average of period p × 2 , where p is the period of the triangular moving average (note that we assume here that the TMA is given by cascading two SMAs of period p ).
A positive change in a weighted moving average indicates that the price is above a simple moving average of period p+1 , where p is the period of the WMA.
Finally, a positive change in a linear regression indicates that a weighted moving average is above a simple moving average of period p , where p is the period of the linear regression.
SuperTrend Oscillator [LuxAlgo]This oscillator is made of three components, all derived from the SuperTrend indicator. This approach allows the user to easily determine overbought/sold zones, identify whether a retracement is present or if the price is ranging or trending. It also allows for the anticipation of the potential price cross with the SuperTrend.
We provide additional information including whether a signal returned by the SuperTrend was false, as well as the percentage of false signals.
Settings
Length: Period of the "average true range" used in the calculation of the SuperTrend
Mult: Multiplicative factor for the "average true range"
Smooth: Determines the degree of smoothing of the histogram
Misc:
Fixed Transparency: Use a fixed transparency for the main oscillator
Show Lines: Show the lines displayed by the indicator
Show Labels: Show the labels displayed by the indicator
Usage
The indicator is in a range of (-100,100) with values closer to 100/-100 indicating a stronger trend. The main oscillator value above 0 indicates that the price is above the SuperTrend.
It is possible to identify when a retracement is present in a trend. This is often indicated by an oscillator value moving within 50/-50.
Each overbought/oversold level can be used to determine potential exit points.
The indicator also includes two additional oscillators derived from the main oscillator. A smoothed version of the main oscillator (Signal), and a smoothed version of the difference between the Main and Signal oscillators (Histogram), thus making the oscillator part of the indicator more similar to MACD.
One can use the histogram to anticipate when the price might cross the SuperTrend by comparing the sign between the main and histogram. Potential false signals can also be filtered with this method.
Certain crosses between the price and SuperTrend can be filtered out when the histogram and main oscillator have a different sign (here main = 1, histogram = -1).
We include various indications in order to analyze the signals returned by the SuperTrend. The indicator displays symbols indicating whether a signal was false or not.
A cross symbol will be displayed at the top of the displayed lines when the previous Buy signal was false, else a checkmark is displayed. Symbols displayed at the bottom of the lines are referring to sell signals. We also provide a percentage of false signals, calculated over the entire chart history.
Details
The scaling method used is similar to max-min normalization. We first compute the difference between the price and SuperTrend and divide the result by the difference between the upper and lower extremity used to compute the SuperTrend. Values higher than (1,-1) can occur when price crosses the SuperTrend and as such we use the max and min functions to attenuate these.
The filter used to compute the signal line is based on exponential averaging and is fully adaptive. The smoothing factor used for its computation is the squared value of the main oscillator, divided by length . Since higher values of the oscillator are associated with trending markets, the filter will be closer to the main oscillator when the market is ranging.
Adjustable MA & Alternating Extremities [LuxAlgo]Returns a moving average allowing the user to control the amount of lag as well as the amplitude of its overshoots thanks to a parametric kernel. The indicator displays alternating extremities and aims to provide potential points where price might reverse.
Due to user requests, we added the option to display the moving average as candles instead of a solid line.
Settings
Length: MA period, refers to the number of most recent data points to use for its calculation.
Mult: Multiplicative factor for each extremity.
As Smoothed Candles: Allows the user to show the MA as a series of candles instead of a solid line.
Show Alternating Extremities : Determines whether to display the alternating extremities or not.
Lag: Controls the amount of lag of the MA, with higher values returning a MA with more lag.
Overshoot: Controls the amplitude of the overshoots returned by the MA, with higher values increasing the amplitude of the overshoots.
Usage
Moving averages using parametric kernels allows users to have more control over characteristics such as lag or smoothness; this can greatly benefit the analyst. A moving average with reduced lag can be used as a leading moving average in a MA crossover system, while lag will benefit moving averages used as slow MA in a crossover system.
Increasing 'Lag' will increase smoothness while increasing 'overshoot' will reduce lag.
The following indicator puts more emphasis on its alternating extremities, an upper extremity will be shown once the high price crosses the upper extremity, while a low extremity will be shown once the low price crosses the lower extremity. These can be interpreted like extremities of a band indicator.
The MA using a length value of 200 with a multiplicative factor of 1.
In general, extremities will effectively return points where price might potentially bounce in ranging markets while closing prices under trending markets will often be found above an upper extremity and under a lower extremity.
Reducing the lag of the moving average allows the user to obtain a more timely estimate of the underlying trend in the price, with a better fit overall. This allows the user to obtain potentially pertinent extremities where price might reverse upon a break, even under trending markets.
In the above chart, the price initially breaks the upper extremity, however, we can observe that the upper extremity eventually reaches back the price, goes above it, provides a resistance, and effectively indicates a reversal.
Users can plot candles from the moving average, these are fairly similar to heikin-ashi candles in the sense that CandleOpen(t) ≠ CandleClose(t-1) , each point of the candle is calculated as follows for our indicator:
Open = Average between MA(t-1) and MA(t-2)
High = MA using the high price as input
Low = MA using the low price as input
Close = MA using the closing price as input
Details
Lag is defined as the effect of moving averages to reflect past price variations instead of new ones, lag can be observed by the user and is the main cause of false signals. Lag is proportional to the degree of filtering returned by the moving average.
Overshooting is a common effect encountered in non-lagging moving averages, and is defined as the tendency of a moving average to exceed a maximum level (or minimum level, which can be defined as undershooting )
MA and rolling maximum/minimum, both using a length of 50 bars. While we can think of lag as a cost of smoothness, we can think of overshooting as a cost for reduced lag on some occasions.
Explaining the kernel design behind our moving average requires understanding of the logic behind lag reduction in moving averages. This can prove to be complex for non informed users, but let's just focus on the simpler part; moving averages can be defined as a weighted sum between past prices and a set of coefficients (kernel).
MA(t) = b(0)C(t) + b(1)C(t-1) + b(2)C(t-2) + ... + b(n-1)C(t-n-1)
Where n is the period of the moving average. Lag is (non optimally) reduced by "underweighting" past prices - that is multiplying them by negative numbers.
The kernel used in our moving average is based on a modified sinewave. A weighted sum making use of a sinewave as a kernel would return an oscillator centered at 0. We can divide this sinewave by an increasing linear function in order to obtain a kernel allowing us to obtain a low lag moving average instead of a centered oscillator. This is the main idea in the design of the kernel used by our moving average.
The kernel equation of our moving average is:
sin(2πx^α)(1 - x^β)
With 1>x>0 , and where α controls the lag, while β controls the overshoot amplitude.
Using this equation we can obtain the following kernels:
Here only α is changed, while β is equal to 1. Values to the left would represent the coefficients for the most recent prices. Notice how the most significant coefficients are given to the oldest prices in the case where α increases.
Higher overshoot would require more negative values, this is controlled by β
Here only β is changed, while α is equal to 1. Notice how higher values return lower negative coefficients. This effectively increases the overshoots amplitude in our moving average. We can decrease α in order for these negative coefficients to underweight more recent values.
Using α = 0 allows us to simplify the kernel equation to:
1 - x^β
Using this kernel we can obtain more classical moving averages, this can be seen from the following results:
Using β = 1 allows us to obtain a linearly decreasing kernel (the one of a WMA), while increasing allows the kernel to converge toward a rectangular kernel (the one of SMA).
Volume Profile [LuxAlgo]Displays the estimate of a volume profile, with the option to show a rolling POC (point of control). Users can change the lookback, row size, and various visual aspects of the volume profile.
Settings
Basic:
Lookback: Number of most recent bars to use for the calculation of the volume profile
Row Size: Determines the number of rows used for the calculation of the volume profile
Show Rolling POC: Determines whether to display the rolling POC of the volume profile
Style:
Width (% of the box): Determines the length of the bars relative to the Lookback value
Bar Width: Width of each bar
Flip Histogram: Flips the histogram, when enabled, the histogram base will be located at the most recent candle
Gradient: Allows to color the volume profile bars with a gradient, with a color intensity determined by the length of each bar
Rows Solid Color: Color of each bar when 'Gradient' is disabled
POC Solid Color: Color of the POC when 'Gradient' is disabled
Usage
It is very common to display volume over time in order to visualize the trading activity made over a specific candle, however this is not the only way to display volume and it can be interesting to put it in relation with the price, which is what volume profiles do.
Volume profiles are displayed as price relative histograms showing the accumulated volume within certain price areas, the number of areas are determined by the row size of the volume profile. Knowing which price's area accumulated the most volume allow highlighting areas of interest to market participants.
Most accumulated volume will be encountered in zones of equilibrium between buyers and sellers; that is zones of local price stationarity. These zones are highlighted by high volume nodes in the volume profile. Imbalance between buyers and sellers are highlighted by thinner zones of the volume profile.
The price level with the most accumulated volume is highlighted by the "point of control" (POC), displayed by the dotted line in the indicator.
The POC is often considered an important level, commonly used as support/resistance by traders. One can verify the accuracy of this use case by using the rolling POC (assuming one would use the POC over time as SR).
Indicator Limitations
Volume profiles are calculated using tick data, which is not the case of this estimate, as such you won't have an accurate representation of an actual volume profile.
The rolling POC can introduce time outs in the script computation, use lower lookback and row size value to display it.
Parallel Pivot Lines [LuxAlgo]Displays lines connecting past pivot high/low points with each line having the slope of a linear regression. This slope can also be controlled by the user with the 'Slope' setting. Each line can be used as a support or resistance by the user.
Settings
Length : Pivot length. Use higher values for having lines connected to more significant pivots points.
Lookback : Number of lines connecting a pivot high/low to display, with a total of lines equal to Lookback*2
Slope : Allows the user to multiply the linear regression slope by a number within -1 and 1
Limitations
The script has currently several real time behavior limitations. Lines are displayed retrospectively and will not update with the arrival of new bars. Readjusting the indicator to newer pivots will require the user to either hide/unhide the indicator or change its settings.
High Length or Lookback values might not return any lines if the location of a pivot point is outside the defined buffer size of the indicator (set as 5000 bars).
How To Use
The indicator can be used to get supports and resistances and is more so closer to a drawing tool due to its limitations. The lines not updating with the arrival of new bars have the advantage of providing fixed supports/resistances.
The Slope setting allows the user to control the angle and direction of the lines. Using a Slope of 1 will return lines with the same slope as the one of a linear regression fit from the farthest pivot point displayed by the indicator to the most recent bar.
The chart above shows the indicators and a linear regression in orange.
If you want to have horizontal lines, use a Slope equal to 0.
Finally using a negative slope value will allow the user to have lines in opposite directions to the main trend.
Conclusion
We hope you like this indicator (drawing tool) and find it useful for drawing your support & resistances in a unique way!
Donchian Zig-Zag [LuxAlgo]The following indicator returns a line bouncing of the extremities of a Donchian channel, with the aim of replicating a "zig-zag" indicator. The indicator can both be lagging or lagging depending on the settings user uses.
Various extended lines are displayed in order to see if the peaks and troughs made by the Donchian zig-zag can act as potential support/resistance lines.
User Settings
Length : Period of the Donchian channel indicator, higher values will return fewer changes of directions from the zig-zag line
Bounce Speed : Determine the speed of bounces made by the zig-zag line, with higher values making the zig-zag line converge faster toward the extremities of the Donchian channel.
Gradient : Determine whether to use a gradient to color the area between each Donchian channel extremities, "On" by default.
Transparency : Transparency of the area between each Donchian channel extremities.
Usage
It is clear that this is not a very common indicator to see, as such usages can be limited and very hypothetical. Nonetheless, when a bounce speed value of 1 is used, the zig-zag line will have the tendency to lag behind the price, and as such can provides crosses with the prices which can provide potential entries.
The advantage of this approach against most indicators relying on crosses with the price is that the linear nature of the indicator allows avoiding retracements, thus potentially holding a position for the entirety of the trend.
Altho this indicator would not necessarily be the most adapted to this kind of usage.
When using a bounce speed superior to 1, we can see the predictive aspects of the indicator:
We can link the peaks/troughs made by the zig-zag with the precedent ones made to get potential support and resistance lines, while such a method is not necessarily accurate it still allows for an additional to interpret the indicator.
Conclusions
We presented an indicator aiming to replicate the behaviour of a zig-zag indicator. While somehow experimental, it has the benefits of being innovative and might inspire users in one way or another.
Rainbow Adaptive RSI [LuxAlgo]The following oscillator uses an adaptive moving average as an input for another RSI oscillator and aims to provide a way to minimize the impact of retracements over the oscillator output without introducing significant lag.
An additional trigger line is present in order to provide entry points from the crosses between the oscillator and the trigger line. More details are given below.
Settings
Length : period of the oscillator
Power : controls the sensitivity of the oscillator to retracements, with higher values minimizing the sensitivity to retracements.
Src : source input of the indicator
The indicator also includes the following graphical settings:
Gradient : Determines the color mode to use for the gradient, options include "Red To Green", "Red To Blue" and "None", with "None" displaying no gradient.
Color fill : Determines whether to fill the area between the oscillator and the trigger line or not, by default "On".
Circles : Determines whether to show circles highlighting the crosses between the oscillator and the trigger line.
Usage
The indicator can be used like any normalized oscillator, but unlike a classical RSI, it does not converge toward 50 with higher length values. This is caused by the RSI using a smooth input.
The power setting will minimize the impact of certain variations on the oscillator:
Here the oscillator at the bottom uses a power value of 1.5.
The trigger line is a smoothed RSI using an EMA as input, and it won't remain as near to 100 and 0 as the main oscillator. Using a moving average of the main oscillator as a trigger line would create faster crosses, but this approach allows us to have no crosses when a retracement is present.
Details
As previously discussed the main oscillator uses an adaptive moving average as input; this adaptive moving average is computed using a smoothing factor derived from an RSI oscillator, a similar adaptive moving average known as ARSI, but unlike ARSI which uses a classical RSI of the closing price for the calculation of the smoothing factor, our smoothing factor makes use of RSI on the adaptive moving average error, which provides a higher level of adaptiveness.
Trend Regularity Adaptive Moving Average [LuxAlgo]The following moving average adapt to the average number of highest high/lowest low made over a specific period, thus adapting to trend strength. Interesting results can be obtained when using the moving average in a MA crossover system or as a trailing support/resistance.
Settings
Length : Period of the indicator, with higher values returning smoother results.
Src : Source input of the indicator.
Usage
The trend regularity adaptive moving average (TRAMA) can be used like most moving averages, with the advantage of being smoother during ranging markets.
Notice how the moving closer to the price the longer a trend last, such effect can be practical to have early entry points when using the moving average in a MA crossover system, such effect is due to the increasing number of average highest high/lowest low made during longer trends. Note that in the case of a significant uptrend followed by a downtrend, the moving average might penalize the start of the downtrend (and vice versa).
The moving average can also act as an interesting trailing support/resistance.
Details
The moving average is calculated using exponential averaging, using as smoothing factor the squared simple moving average of the number of highest high/lowest low previously made, highest high/lowest low are calculated using rolling maximums/minimums.
Using higher values of length will return fewer highest high/lowest low which explains why the moving average is smoother for higher length values. Squaring allows the moving average to penalize lower values, thus appearing more stationary during ranging markets, it also allows to have some consistency regarding the length setting.
🧙 this moving average would not be possible without the existence of corn syrup 🦎
Trend Volume Accumulations [LuxAlgo]Deeply inspired by the Weiss wave indicator, the following indicator aims to return the accumulations of rising and declining volume of a specific trend. Positive waves are constructed using rising volume while negative waves are using declining volume.
The trend is determined by the sign of the rise of a rolling linear regression.
Settings
Length : Period of the indicator.
Src : Source of the indicator.
Linearity : Allows the output of the indicator to look more linear.
Mult : the multiplicative factor of both the upper and lower levels
Gradient : Use a gradient as color for the waves, true by default.
Usages
The trend volume accumulations (TVA) indicator allows determining the current price trend while taking into account volume, with blue colors representing an uptrend and red colors representing a downtrend.
The first motivation behind this indicator was to see if movements mostly made of declining volume were different from ones made of rising volume.
Waves of low amplitude represent movements with low trading activity.
Using higher values of Linearity allows giving less importance to individual volumes values, thus returning more linear waves as a result.
The indicator includes two levels, the upper one is derived from the cumulative mean of the waves based on rising volume, while the lower one is based on the cumulative mean of the waves based on declining volume, when a wave reaches a level we can expect the current trend to reverse. You can use different values of mult to control the distance from 0 of each level.
Triangular Momentum Oscillator & Real Time Divergences [LuxAlgo]Oscillators are widely used in technical analysis and can return a large amount of information to the trader depending on their design. It is common to use oscillators to detect divergences with the price, divergences occur when the tops/bottoms made by the oscillator and price are negatively correlated.
The following oscillator is based on the momentum of a triangular moving average, hence the name "triangular momentum" because of the very smooth property of the triangular moving average, we aimed at a real-time detection of divergences instead of using more common methods such as relying on pivot high/low detection which are suitable for more noisy oscillators.
The oscillator can also be colored based on a gradient derived from the correlation between its output and the price which can be useful to detect when the oscillator is out of phase (significantly lagging or leading the price).
Settings
length : Period of the oscillator, higher values return a smoother output.
src : Input source of the indicator.
Show Lines : Show lines connecting the current top/bottom with the previous one made by the oscillator when a divergence is detected. True by default.
Color Based On Price/Oscillator Correlation : Allows the color of the oscillator to change based on its correlation with the price, with red colors suggesting a negative correlation.
Usages
The advantage of having a smoother oscillator for divergences detection is that it can be done in real-time since a top or bottom is present when the oscillator first difference cross 0. Smoother oscillators are also easier to interpret, however, they will still suffer from lag.
The divergences detected by the oscillator are regular divergences, where the oscillator leads price variations.
Using higher values of length allows the oscillator to filter out longer-term variations thus being smoother as a result.
By using the color mode based on the price/oscillator correlation we can see where the oscillator leads or lag the price, and since divergences are based on the price and oscillator going in the opposite direction we can have information where price might reverse.
It is also possible to interpret the oscillator without relying on the divergence detection, with a decreasing value of the oscillator indicating a downtrend and an increasing value indicating an uptrend.
ArcTan Oscillator [LuxAlgo]The following indicator is a normalized oscillator making use of the arc tangent sigmoid function (ArcTan), this allows to "squarify" the output result, thus visually filtering out certain variations originally in the oscillator. The magnitude of this effect can be controlled by the user. The indicator contains a gradient that shows the possibility of a reversal, with red colors indicating that a reversal might occur.
Settings
Length : Period of the oscillator
Pre-Gain : Changes the amplitude of the oscillator before passing through the ArcTan function, this allows to amplify/reduce the "squarification" effect introduced by this function. In order to make it easier for the user, the setting is in a (-10,10) range, with negative values reducing the amplitude and positive one increasing it.
Src : Source input of the indicator
Usage
The oscillator can be used to determine the direction of the trend by looking at its sign, if the oscillator is positive, market is up-trending, else down-trending, based on this usage the user might not be interested to look at every variations produced by the oscillator, this is where the hyperbolic tangent function and pre-gain setting can be useful, by using an high value of pre-gain the user will be able to only focus on the sign of the oscillator.
Here pre-gain is set to 5, we can see that the oscillator is now easier to visualize. However, the use of sigmoid functions remove useful information for a trader that needs to find divergences, this is where using a negative value of the pre-gain setting will result useful.
Here pre-gain is set to -5.
The indicator makes use of a gradient to show potential reversals, this gradient is determined by the correlation between the oscillator and the price (this is a way to measure potential divergences). If the color is closer to red it means that a potential reversal might occur, it is possible to say in which direction price might go by looking at the sign of the oscillator, so if the gradient is red and the oscillator is negative price might rise. The gradient is not affected by the pre-gain setting.
Support and Resistance Levels with Breaks [LuxAlgo]This script provides basic pivot point Support and Resistance Levels to the user whilst displaying Break signal tags. It also has the ability to let the user display more significant breaks by filtering using the Volume Oscillator.
Only more significant breaks of these basic levels are displayed to the user when optimized which avoids noise and messy signals.
It will also display breaks with candles it deems to be bullish (e.g. having a longer upper or lower wick).
Notation
The notation of "B" denotes a break of either a Support or Resistance level with a volume greater than the threshold.
The notation of "Bull or Bear Wick" denotes a bullish or bearish candle on the break.
Settings:
Left Bars - the number of bars left hand side of the pivot.
Right Bars - the number of bars right hand side of the pivot.
Volume Threshold - the threshold value (%) for the Volume Oscillator.
Usage & Details:
Knowing when a pivot S/R level is broken with significance can be of great help to a trader. Many times significant levels may not be broken with significant force and the move is therefore weaker and possibly not worth trading.
Swing Highs/Lows & Candle Patterns [LuxAlgo]This script labels swing highs and swing lows as well as the candle pattern that occurred at that precise point. The script can detect the following 6 candle patterns: hammer, inverse hammer, bullish engulfing, hanging man, shooting star, and bearish engulfing.
This indicator by its very nature backpaints by default, meaning that the displayed components are offset in the past.
🔶 USAGE
It can be interesting to see if a top or bottom is associated with a specific candle pattern, this allows us to study the potential of such a pattern to indicate a reversal. You can hover on a label with a specific pattern to see more details about it.
The notations HH, HL, LH, and LL you can see on the labels are defined as follows:
HH : Higher high
HL : Higher low
LH : Lower high
LL : Lower low
🔶 SETTING
Length: Sensitivity of the swing high/low detection, with lower values returning the maximum/minimum of shorter-term price variations.
Percentile Nearest Rank Using Arrays [LuxAlgo]The new array feature is extremely powerful, as it will allow pinescript users to do more complex things, or compute existing calculations more efficiently, it will also be possible to shine some light to some already existing functions, one of them being percentile_nearest_rank .
We have been working on this new feature with our pal alexgrover, and made this script which computes a rolling percentile using the nearest rank method.
Settings
Length: Window of the rolling percentile, determine the number of past data to be used.
Percentage: Return the current value if Percentage % of the data fall below that value, the setting is in a range (0,100).
Src: Input source of the indicator.
Usage
A rolling percentile can have many usages when it comes to technical analysis, this is due to its ability to return the value of three common rolling statistics, the rolling median, which can be obtained using a percentage equal to 50, the rolling maximum, obtained with a percentage equal to 100, and the rolling minimum, obtained with a percentage equal to 0.
When we use our rolling percentile as a rolling median, we can obtain a robust estimation of the underlying trend in the price, while using it as a rolling maximum/minimum can allow us to determine if the market is trending, and at which direction. The rolling maximum/minimum is a rolling statistic used to calculate the well known stochastic oscillator and Donchian channel indicator.
We can also compute rolling quartiles, which can be obtained using a percentage of 25 or 75, with one of 25 returning the lower quartile and 75 the upper quartile.
In blue the upper rolling quartile (%75), in orange the lower rolling quartile (%25), both using a window size of 100.
Details
In order to compute a rolling percentile nearest rank, we must first take the most recent length closing prices, then order them in ascending order, we then return the value of the ordered observations at index (percentage/100*length) - 1 (we use - 1 because our array index starts at 0).
Rally Base Drop SND Pivots Strategy [LuxAlgo X PineIndicators]This strategy is based on the Rally Base Drop (RBD) SND Pivots indicator developed by LuxAlgo. Full credit for the concept and original indicator goes to LuxAlgo.
The Rally Base Drop SND Pivots Strategy is a non-repainting supply and demand trading system that detects pivot points based on Rally, Base, and Drop (RBD) candles. This strategy automatically identifies key market structure levels, allowing traders to:
Identify pivot-based supply and demand (SND) zones.
Use fixed criteria for trend continuation or reversals.
Filter out market noise by requiring structured price formations.
Enter trades based on breakouts of key SND pivot levels.
How the Rally Base Drop SND Pivots Strategy Works
1. Pivot Point Detection Using RBD Candles
The strategy follows a rigid market structure methodology, where pivots are detected only when:
A Rally (R) consists of multiple consecutive bullish candles.
A Drop (D) consists of multiple consecutive bearish candles.
A Base (B) is identified as a transition between Rallies and Drops, acting as a pivot point.
The pivot level is confirmed when the formation is complete.
Unlike traditional fractal-based pivots, RBD Pivots enforce stricter structural rules, ensuring that each pivot:
Has a well-defined bullish or bearish price movement.
Reduces false signals caused by single-bar fluctuations.
Provides clear supply and demand levels based on structured price movements.
These pivot levels are drawn on the chart using color-coded boxes:
Green zones represent bullish pivot levels (Rally Base formations).
Red zones represent bearish pivot levels (Drop Base formations).
Once a pivot is confirmed, the high or low of the base candle is used as the reference level for future trades.
2. Trade Entry Conditions
The strategy allows traders to select from three trading modes:
Long Only – Only takes long trades when bullish pivot breakouts occur.
Short Only – Only takes short trades when bearish pivot breakouts occur.
Long & Short – Trades in both directions based on pivot breakouts.
Trade entry signals are triggered when price breaks through a confirmed pivot level:
Long Entry:
A bullish pivot level is formed.
Price breaks above the bullish pivot level.
The strategy enters a long position.
Short Entry:
A bearish pivot level is formed.
Price breaks below the bearish pivot level.
The strategy enters a short position.
The strategy includes an optional mode to reverse long and short conditions, allowing traders to experiment with contrarian entries.
3. Exit Conditions Using ATR-Based Risk Management
This strategy uses the Average True Range (ATR) to calculate dynamic stop-loss and take-profit levels:
Stop-Loss (SL): Placed 1 ATR below entry for long trades and 1 ATR above entry for short trades.
Take-Profit (TP): Set using a Risk-Reward Ratio (RR) multiplier (default = 6x ATR).
When a trade is opened:
The entry price is recorded.
ATR is calculated at the time of entry to determine stop-loss and take-profit levels.
Trades exit automatically when either SL or TP is reached.
If reverse conditions mode is enabled, stop-loss and take-profit placements are flipped.
Visualization & Dynamic Support/Resistance Levels
1. Pivot Boxes for Market Structure
Each pivot is marked with a colored box:
Green boxes indicate bullish demand zones.
Red boxes indicate bearish supply zones.
These boxes remain on the chart to act as dynamic support and resistance levels, helping traders identify key price reaction zones.
2. Horizontal Entry, Stop-Loss, and Take-Profit Lines
When a trade is active, the strategy plots:
White line → Entry price.
Red line → Stop-loss level.
Green line → Take-profit level.
Labels display the exact entry, SL, and TP values, updating dynamically as price moves.
Customization Options
This strategy offers multiple adjustable settings to optimize performance for different market conditions:
Trade Mode Selection → Choose between Long Only, Short Only, or Long & Short.
Pivot Length → Defines the number of required Rally & Drop candles for a pivot.
ATR Exit Multiplier → Adjusts stop-loss distance based on ATR.
Risk-Reward Ratio (RR) → Modifies take-profit level relative to risk.
Historical Lookback → Limits how far back pivot zones are displayed.
Color Settings → Customize pivot box colors for bullish and bearish setups.
Considerations & Limitations
Pivot Breakouts Do Not Guarantee Reversals. Some pivot breaks may lead to continuation moves instead of trend reversals.
Not Optimized for Low Volatility Conditions. This strategy works best in trending markets with strong momentum.
ATR-Based Stop-Loss & Take-Profit May Require Optimization. Different assets may require different ATR multipliers and RR settings.
Market Noise May Still Influence Pivots. While this method filters some noise, fake breakouts can still occur.
Conclusion
The Rally Base Drop SND Pivots Strategy is a non-repainting supply and demand system that combines:
Pivot-based market structure analysis (using Rally, Base, and Drop candles).
Breakout-based trade entries at confirmed SND levels.
ATR-based dynamic risk management for stop-loss and take-profit calculation.
This strategy helps traders:
Identify high-probability supply and demand levels.
Trade based on structured market pivots.
Use a systematic approach to price action analysis.
Automatically manage risk with ATR-based exits.
The strict pivot detection rules and built-in breakout validation make this strategy ideal for traders looking to:
Trade based on market structure.
Use defined support & resistance levels.
Reduce noise compared to traditional fractals.
Implement a structured supply & demand trading model.
This strategy is fully customizable, allowing traders to adjust parameters to fit their market and trading style.
Full credit for the original concept and indicator goes to LuxAlgo.
ATH/ATL Tracker [LuxAlgo]The ATH/ATL Tracker effectively displays changes made between new All-Time Highs (ATH)/All-Time Lows (ATL) and their previous respective values, over the entire history of available data.
The indicator shows a histogram of the change between a new ATH/ATL and its respective preceding ATH/ATL. A tooltip showing the price made during a new ATH/ATL alongside its date is included.
🔶 USAGE
By tracking the change between new ATHs/ATLs and older ATHs/ATLs, traders can gain insight into market sentiment, breadth, and rotation.
If many stocks are consistently setting new ATHs and the number of new ATHs is increasing relative to old ATHs, it could indicate broad market participation in a rally. If only a few stocks are reaching new ATHs or the number is declining, it might signal that the market's upward momentum is decreasing.
A significant increase in new ATHs suggests optimism and willingness among investors to buy at higher prices, which could be considered a positive sentiment. On the other hand, a decrease or lack of new ATHs might indicate caution or pessimism.
By observing the sectors where stocks are consistently setting new ATHs, users can identify which sectors are leading the market. Sectors with few or no new ATHs may be losing momentum and could be identified as lagging behind the overall market sentiment.
🔶 DETAILS
The indicator's main display is a histogram-style readout that displays the change in price from older ATH/ATLs to Newer/Current ATH/ATLs. This change is determined by the distance that the current values have overtaken the previous values, resulting in the displayed data.
The largest changes in ATH/ATLs from the ticker's history will appear as the largest bars in the display.
The most recent bars (depending on the selected display setting) will always represent the current ATH or ATL values.
When determining ATH & ATL values, it is important to filter out insignificant highs and lows that may happen constantly when exploring higher and lower prices. To combat this, the indicator looks to a higher timeframe than your chart's timeframe in order to determine these more significant ATHs & ATLs.
For Example: If a user was on a 1-minute chart and 5 highs-new highs occur across 5 adjacent bars, this has the potential to show up as 5 new ATHs. When looking at a higher timeframe, 5 minutes, only the highest of the 5 bars will indicate a new ATH. To assist with this, the indicator will display warnings in the dashboard when a suboptimal timeframe is selected as input.
🔹 Dashboard
The dashboard displays averages from the ATH/ATL data to aid in the anticipation and expectations for new ATH/ATLs.
The average duration is an average of the time between each new ATH/ATL, in this indicator it is calculated in "Days" to provide a more comprehensive understanding.
The average change is the average of all change data displayed in the histogram.
🔶 SETTINGS
Duration: The designated higher timeframe to use for filtering out insignificant ATHs & ATLs.
Order: The display order for the ATH/ATL Bars, Options are to display in chronological (oldest to newest) or reverse chronological order (newest to oldest).
Bar Width: Sets the width for each ATH/ATL bar.
Bar Spacing: Sets the # of empty bars in between each ATH/ATL bar.
Dashboard Settings: Parameters for the dashboard's size and location on the chart.
Dynamic Order Blocks [LuxAlgo]The Dynamic Order Blocks indicator displays the most recent unmitigated bullish and bearish order blocks on the chart, providing dynamic support/resistance areas.
When price sweeps an order block, this is highlighted by the script indicating a potential reversal.
The average between the displayed order blocks is also displayed.
🔶 USAGE
Order blocks are a popular method of price action analysis, representing price areas where more significant market participants accumulate their orders.
Displaying order blocks dynamically allows obtaining relevant areas of support/resistance. Users can obtain longer-term order blocks using a higher "Swing Lookback" setting.
Users can also use mitigation events to assess the current trend direction, with price mitigating a bearish order block (breaking above the upper extremity) indicating an uptrend, and price mitigating a bullish order block (breaking below the lower extremity) indicating a downtrend.
🔹 Average Level
An average level obtained from the displayed bullish and bearish order blocks is included in the indicator and offers an additional polyvalent dynamic support/resistance level.
The change of direction of the average line can also be indicative of the current trend direction.
🔹 Dynamic Sweeps
Price sweeping the mitigation level of an order block is highlighted on the chart using bordered rectangles. These highlight a breakout failure and can be indicative of a potential reversal.
🔶 SETTINGS
Swing Lookback: Period of the swing detection used to construct order blocks. Higher values will return longer-term order blocks.
Use Candle Body: Use the candle body as the order block area instead of the candle full range.
ICT Unicorn Model [LuxAlgo]The ICT Unicorn Model indicator highlights the presence of "unicorn" patterns on the user's chart which is derived from the lectures of "The Inner Circle Trader" (ICT) .
Detected patterns are followed by targets with a distance controlled by the user.
🔶 USAGE
At its core, the ICT Unicorn Model relies on two popular concepts, Fair Value Gaps and Breaker Blocks. This combination highlights a future area of support/resistance.
A Bullish Unicorn Pattern consists out of:
A Lower Low (LL), followed by a Higher High (HH)
A Fair Value Gap (FVG), overlapping the established Breaker Block
A successful re-test of the FVG which confirms the pattern.
A Bearish Unicorn Pattern consists of:
A Higher High (HH), followed by a Lower Low (LL)
A Fair Value Gap (FVG), overlapping the established Breaker Block
A successful re-test of the FVG which confirms the pattern
The pattern detection depends on detected swings, which can be controlled by the Swing setting. Using higher values of this setting will return longer-term breaker blocks.
🔹 Using Risk/Reward Targets
A confirmed Unicorn pattern will show a blue ( Target ) / grey ( Stop Loss) "Risk/Reward" areas (RR).
When the Stop Loss or Target is hit, a white line is shown on the concerned side.
The Risk/Reward ratio can be adjusted in the "Targets" settings.
🔹 Trailing Stop
As seen in the previous snapshots, besides the RR areas, this indicator also includes an optional Trailing Stop .
This can be helpful to lower your risk, by exiting earlier than if you would wait until the Stop Loss is hit.
This example shows a successful bullish and bearish Unicorn Pattern . In this scenario, the Trailing Stop could be used for partial Take Profit.
The goal of this publication is to show confirmed Unicorn Patterns . To increase the chance of success, it is important to evaluate the bigger picture & use this in confluence with your price action analysis. For example, look for potential areas of liquidity, consider this pattern only during certain market sessions, avoid trading during heavy impact news, &/or incorporate other aspects of technical analysis rather than just following this pattern blindly.
🔶 DETAILS
🔹 Combine
When disabled, all potential Unicorn Patterns will delete previous unconfirmed patterns:
Enabling Combine ensures the last Unicorn Patterns in the opposite direction will remain.
While the latter bullish pattern became invalid, another one formed.
The combination of the previous bearish pattern, and looking at the big picture, the bullish pattern did not have much chance to be successful.
While disabling 'combine' helps minimize clutter, enabling this feature can give a pattern more chance to hit the SL/Target level.
🔹 Mitigated FVG
Users can determine if a pattern becomes invalid due to a mitigated FVG, causing the pattern to be deleted.
🔹 New pattern detected
When a new pattern is detected, the previous unconfirmed pattern in the same direction (bullish - bullish or bearish - bearish) will be deleted. This will always be the case, whether "Combine' is enabled or disabled.
When the previous pattern was confirmed but no SL or Target level was hit, this pattern will stop updating.
🔶 SETTINGS
🔹 Unicorn
Swings: This sets the length of swings, used for the underlying ZigZag and Unicorn Patterns detection.
Bull: Enable/disable Bullish patterns, and set the color of FVG box and Trailing Stop .
Bear: Enable/disable Bearish patterns, and set the color of FVG box and Trailing Stop .
Combine: When enabled, patterns in opposite directions (bullish/bearish) can exist at the same time. disabling this feature tends to give less clutter. See the "Usage" section for more information.
🔹 Targets
Risk/Reward: Sets the Risk/Reward ratio.
Trailing Stop: Set the length of small swings, which is used for the Trailing Stop .
Targets For Overlay Indicators [LuxAlgo]The Targets For Overlay Indicators is a useful utility tool able to display targets during crossings made between the price and external indicators on the user chart. Users can display a series of two targets, one for crossover events and another one for crossunder event.
Alerts are included for the occurrence of a new target as well as for reached targets.
🔶 USAGE
In order for targets to be displayed users need to select an appropriate input source from the "Source" drop-down input setting. In the example above we apply the indicator to a volatility stop.
This can also easily be done by adding the "Targets For Overlay Indicators" script on the VStop indicator directly.
Targets can help users determine the price limit where the price might start deviating from an indication given by one or multiple indicators. In the context of trading, targets can help secure profits/reduce losses of a trade, as such this tool can be useful to evaluate/determine user take profits/stop losses.
Due to these essentially being horizontal levels, they can also serve as potential support/resistances, with breakouts potentially confirming new trends.
Users might be interested in obtaining new targets once one is reached, this can be done by enabling "New Target When Reached" in the target logic setting section, resulting in more frequent targets.
Lastly, users can restrict new target creation until current ones are reached. This can result in fewer and longer-term targets, with a higher reach rate.
🔹 Examples
The indicator can be applied to many overlay indicators that naturally produce crosses with the price, such as moving average, trailing stops, bands...etc.
Users can use trailing stops such as the SuperTrend or VStop to more easily create clean targets. Do note that certain SuperTrend scripts separate the upper and lower extremities of the SuperTrend into two different plot, which cannot be used with this tool, you may use the provided SuperTrend script below to have a compatible version with our tool:
//@version=5
indicator("SuperTrend", overlay = true)
factor = input.float(3, 'Factor', minval = 0)
atrLen = input.int(10, 'ATR Length', minval = 1)
= ta.supertrend(factor, atrLen)
plot(spt, 'SuperTrend', dir != dir ? na : dir < 0 ? #089981 : #f23645, 2)
plot(spt, 'Circles', dir > dir ? #f23645 : dir < dir ? #089981 : na, 3, plot.style_circles)
Using moving averages can produce more targets than other overlay indicators.
Users can apply the tool twice when using bands or any overlay indicator returning two outputs, using crossover targets for obtaining targets using the upper band as source and crossunder targets for targets using the lower band. We can also use the Trendlines with breaks indicator as example:
🔹 Dashboard
A dashboard is displayed on the top right of the chart, displaying the amount, reach rate of targets 1/2, and total amount.
This dashboard can be useful to evaluate the selected target distances relative to the selected conditions, with a higher reach rate suggesting the distance of the targets from the price allows them to be reached.
🔶 SETTINGS
Source: Indicator source used to create targets. Targets are created when the closing price crosses the specified source.
Show Target Labels: Display target labels on the chart.
Candle Coloring: Apply candle coloring based on the most recent active target.
🔹 Target
Crossover and Crossunder targets use the same settings below:
Show Target: Determines if the target is displayed or not.
Above Price Target: If selected, will create targets above the closing price.
Wait Until Reached: When enabled will not create a new target until an existing one is reached.
New Target When Reached: Will create a new target when an existing one is reached.
Evaluate Wicks: Will use high/low prices to determine if a target is reached. Unselecting this setting will use the closing price.
Target Distance From Price: Controls the distance of a target from the price. Can be determined in currencies/points, percentages, ATR multiples, or ticks.
MA Sabres [LuxAlgo]The "MA Sabres" indicator highlights potential trend reversals based on a moving average direction. Detected reversals are accompanied by an extrapolated "Sabre" looking shape that can be used as support/resistance and as a source of breakouts.
🔶 USAGE
If a selected moving average (MA) continues in the same direction for a certain time, a change in that direction could signify a potential reversal.
In this publication, when a trend change occurs, a sabre-shaped figure is drawn which can be used as support/resistance:
A sabre can be indicative of a direction, however, it can also act as a stop-loss when the price should go in the opposite direction:
Or show potential areas of interest:
🔶 DETAILS
This publication will look for a change in direction after the MA went in the same direction during x consecutive bars (settings: " Reversal after x bars in the same direction ").
Then a circle-shaped drawing will be drawn 1 bar back, at the previous high/low, dependable of the previous direction.
From there originates a sabre-shaped figure where the tip lies as far as the user-set MA length.
The angle of the "sabre" relies on the ATR of the previous 14 bars.
Less volatility will create a flatter sabre while the opposite is true when there is more volatility in the previous 14 bars.
The sabre is created by the latest feature, polylines , which enables us to connect several 'points', resulting in a polyline.new() object.
Do note that sabres are offset by one bar to the past to align their locations.
🔶 SETTINGS
MA Type: SMA, EMA, SMMA (RMA), HullMA, WMA, VWMA, DEMA, TEMA, NONE (off)
Length: this sets the length of MA, and the length of the sabre shape
Previous Trend Duration: After the MA direction is the same for x consecutive bars, the first time the direction changes, a sabre is drawn
Supply and Demand Visible Range [LuxAlgo]The Supply and Demand Visible Range indicator displays areas & levels on the user's chart for the visible range using a novel volume-based method. The script also makes use of intra-bar data to create precise Supply & Demand zones.
🔶 SETTINGS
Threshold %: Percentage of the total visible range volume used as a threshold to set supply/demand areas. Higher values return wider areas.
Resolution: Determines the number of bins used to find each area. Higher values will return more precise results.
Intra-bar TF: Timeframe used to obtain intra-bar data.
🔶 USAGE
The supply/demand areas and levels displayed by the script are aimed at providing potential supports/resistances for users. The script's behavior makes it recalculate each time the visible chart interval/range changes, as such this script is more suited as a descriptive tool.
Price reaching a supply (upper) area that might have been tested a few times might be indicative of a potential reversal down, while price reaching a demand (lower) area that might have been tested a few times could be indicative of a potential reversal up.
The width of each area can also indicate which areas are more liquid, with thinner areas indicating more significant liquidity.
The user can control the width of each area using the Threshold % setting, with a higher setting returning wider areas. The precision setting can also return wider supply/demand areas if very low values are used and has the benefit of improving the script execution time at the cost of precision.
The Supply and Demand Zones indicator returns various levels. The solid-colored levels display the average of each area, while dashed colored lines display the weighted averages of each area. These weighted averages can highlight more liquid price levels within the supply/demand areas.
Central solid/dashed lines display the average between the areas' averages and weighted averages.
🔶 DETAILS
Each supply/demand area is constructed from volume data. The calculation is done as follows:
The accumulated volume within the chart visible range is calculated.
The chart visible range is divided into N bins of equal width (where N is the resolution setting)
Calculation start from the highest visible range price value for the supply area, and lowest value for the demand area.
The volume within each bin after the starting calculation level is accumulated, once this accumulated volume is equal or exceed the threshold value ( p % of the total visible range volume) the area is set.
Each bin volume accumulation within an area is displayed on the left, this can help indicate how fast volume accumulates within an area.
🔶 LIMITATIONS
The script execution time is dependent on all of the script's settings, using more demanding settings might return errors so make sure to be aware of the potential scenarios that might make the script exceed the allowed execution time:
Having a chart's visible range including a high number of bars.
Using a high number of bins (high resolution value) will increase computation time, this can be worsened by using a high threshold %.
Using very low intra-bar timeframe can drastically increase computation time but can also simply throw an error if the chart timeframe is high.
Users facing issues can lower the resolution value or use the chart timeframe for intra-bar data.
Seasonality Chart [LuxAlgo]The Seasonality Chart script displays seasonal variations of price changes that are best used on the daily timeframe. Users have the option to select the calculation lookback (in years) as well as show the cumulative sum of the seasonal indexes.
🔶 SETTINGS
Lookback (Years): Number of years to use for the calculation of the seasonality chart.
Cumulative Sum: Displays the cumulative sum of seasonal indexes.
Use Percent Change: Uses relative price changes (as a percentage) instead of absolute changes.
Linear Regression: Fits a line on the seasonality chart results using the method of least squares.
🔶 USAGE
Seasonality refers to the recurrent tendencies in a time series to increase or decrease at specific times of the year. The proposed tool can highlight the seasonal variation of price changes.
It is common for certain analysts to use a cumulative sum of these indexes to display the results, highlighting months with the most significant bullish/bearish progressions.
The above chart allows us to highlight which months prices tended to have their worst performances over the selected number of years.
🔹 Note
Daily price changes are required for the construction of the seasonal chart. Thus, charts using a low timeframe might lack data compared to higher ones. We recommend using the daily timeframe for the best user experience.
🔶 DETAILS
To construct our seasonal chart, we obtain the average price changes for specific days on a specific month over a user-set number of years from January to December. These individual averages form "seasonal indexes."
This is a common method in classical time series decomposition.
Example:
To obtain the seasonal index of price changes on January first we record every price change occuring on January first over the years of interest, we then average the result.
This operation is done for all days in each month to construct our seasonal chart.
Seasonal variations are often highlighted if the underlying time series is affected by seasonal factors. For market prices, it is difficult to assess if there are stable seasonal variations on all securities.
The consideration of seasonality by market practitioners has often been highlighted through strategies or observations. One of the most common is expressed by the adage "Sell in May and Go Away" for the US market. We can also mention:
January Effect
Santa Claus Rally
Mark Twain Effect
...etc.
These are commonly known as calendar effects and appear from the study of seasonal variations over certain years.
