CRYPTO MARKET SESSION ANALYZER INDICATORCrypto Market Session Analyzer is an easy-to-use yet powerful analysis tool that helps the trader visualize and analyze price movements over three different trading sessions:
1) European Session
2) US session
3) Asian session
Automatically tracks the corresponding levels for each market session.
This indicator can be used on all timeframes equal to or less than 15 minutes.
Although this is a simple indicator to use, some care must be taken when using it. The trader must be careful to set the correct times for each session according to his UTC timezone. By default the indicator uses UTC. If your console is set to UTC + 2 for example, you will need to take this into account and align the times correctly. You can adjust the time for each session from the user interface. Following the example, if the opening of the UE session is set to 9 and UTC of your console is set to UTC + 2, the script will proceed to create the level at opening time 11.
HOW IT WORK
The indicator automatically draws a horizontal line at the open and a horizontal line at the close of each session. The indicator clears past support and resistance every 24 hours to provide a clean and easy-to-read chart, updating new levels session after session.
Blue indicates the EU session.
Orange indicates the US session.
Purple indicates the Asian session.
Cari dalam skrip untuk "session"
Simple SessionsThis is a simple sessions indicator that allows you to highlight up to 3 different sessions on your chart. This is intended for charts in any timeframe lower than the Daily timeframe. Really simple, clean, and minimalistic on purpose, intended to help and not clutter the chart.
Options/parameters:
Sessions: Check and setup beginning and end of the sessions. Up to 3 sessions at the same time.
Enable specific timezone: You can specify your exact timezone so that the sessions stay consistent even when you’re viewing different assets from different brokers that might be providing the price data in different timezones.
Show next day: Check to allow for your sessions to be viewed in advance for the following day so that you can expect your trading session in the chart (something simple, but quite useful).
Show next day input also accepts an integer value (default at 0). This numeric value is useful only for a few different assets that don’t have price data (aren’t tradable) 24 hours of each week-day. When that’s the case the calculation to show the session in the future day is not precise so with this number you can adjust it. For example, on OANDA:SPX500USD in the 30m time-frame, between 5pm and 6pm NY time there’s no price data. If you check that chart on any day at 4:30pm NY time, the next bar should be at 5pm, however since there’s no data it jumps to 6pm NY time. For that example you can set the input number to -2 and it will move the sessions to the correct time window you specified in the Sessions input.
Optional comment: This is a comment that will be shown in the status line. There’s no other use for this. It’s only helpful when you have multiple instances of the indicator for different assets for example. In that case with this comment you would be able to instantly detect which indicator is for which chart.
Session HighlighterSession Highlighter Script
This Pine Script highlights the major trading sessions on your chart with distinct background colors and markers:
- Asian Session: From 22:00 to 06:00 UTC (Tokyo Open to Close), highlighted in blue.
-European Session: From 07:00 to 15:00 UTC (London Open to Close), highlighted in green.
-U.S. Session: From 13:00 to 21:00 UTC (New York Open to Close), highlighted in red.
Features:
- Background Colors: Different colors indicate the active trading session.
- Markers: Displays labels or shapes at the start of each session to show session changes.
Usage:
- Helps visualize trading session overlaps and market activity throughout the day.
- Ideal for identifying session-specific trends and planning trading strategies.
This script ensures that you can easily see when each major trading session starts and ends, allowing for better market timing and analysis.
Simple Sessions - [TTF]In working with a lot of new traders, one of the most common hurdles that they tend to encounter is properly identifying the various major trading sessions around the world. While it's pretty intuitive to grasp the basic concept, the biggest struggle is around the time conversion. Most people are pretty familiar with the trading session most local to them (e.g. US residents are generally pretty familiar with when the US session is relative to their local timezone), but tend to have much more difficulty in determining when exactly the start and end times are of "foreign" sessions (e.g. Europe or Tokyo). This can be even more challenging when trying to account for regional time differences (like Daylight Savings Time), and larger global time differences (e.g. seasons in opposite hemispheres are reversed). It was with these things in mind that we took to making this version of a sessions indicator to help people better visualize and interact with the various sessions in a more intuitive manner.
Key features include:
Individual settings and configuration for each major session (America/New York, Europe/London, and Asia/Tokyo), along with customizable highlighting color for the Europe/US Mixed session
Session start and end times are configured as the local time for those session (e.g. America/New York session time is configured relative to the US Eastern timezone)
The indicator will automatically handle the timezone conversion and correctly display the sessions on chart regardless of the user's on-chart configured timezone
Users can customize which days of the week that they want the sessions to include or exclude based on their personal preferences and trading schedule (e.g. exclude Fridays since that is when most news events occur)
There is an additional fully-customizable session that can be configured (including reference timezone) for a fully-custom trading window visualization (helpful for people with constraints in their trading availability and can't align with one of the "major" sessions)
We hope that the community finds this as helpful as we hope, and feedback is always welcome!
Trading Session Highs and LowsTrading Session Highs and Lows
This script provides an intuitive way to visualize key market levels from major trading sessions: Asia, London, New York, and New York Close. By automatically plotting the high and low of each session, it helps traders quickly identify important price levels that could impact market behavior.
Features include:
Session Marking: The script marks the high and low for each major session (Asia, London, New York, and New York Close).
Customizable Lines and Labels: You can adjust the line style, width, and color for each session’s high/low markers. The session name (e.g., "London", "New York") and the PDH/PDL (Prior Day High and Low) are also shown to give clear context.
Real-Time Updates: The levels are updated in real-time to reflect the current price action, helping you gauge price movement throughout the trading day.
Customizable Indicators: Easily adjust the visibility of the different sessions and the labels to focus on the session that matters most to your trading strategy.
This tool is designed to help day traders spot important levels for potential breakouts or reversals, making it easier to base your trading decisions on well-established price points. Ideal for scalpers, swing traders, and anyone who trades across multiple sessions.
Kviateq - Session Pivots for CryptoPretty much the exact same indicator as my other Session Pivots, however this one also shows the weekends and the session times are set to Bitmex exchange (note: I'm in a GMT+7 timezone myself).
Mark SessionsDisplays trading sessions in a very flexible way.
The main intention of this indicator is to give a way to display market sessions with your own style preferences and expectations and achieve cleanness of your chart.
This indicator allows to show up to 6 sessions plus day session. Time range of the sessions are set in timezone you choose. Mostly all settings can be set in one place and be inherited by all sessions. And of course after settings inheritage you still have a way to make session setting exceptions without changing others.
You can adjust any borders of the session to show, background to show, adjust labels attachment target and their alignments, change the color of sessions, and line styles. All of those settings can turn session picture in any presentation you like.
Enjoy and I'm open to hear your advices
Simple Sessions## Background ##
Simple Sessions is based on the very awesome "Sessions on Chart" by Aurocks_AIF.
I really liked how the background colours worked but wanted to simplify it by removing some parts that I didn't use. I then simplified much of the code, put it into my standard template format and re-published. Hopefully the code is a bit cleaner and easier to read now.
## Usage ##
The default indicator shows the following sessions:
* Sydney in Navy
* Tokyo in Purple
* London in Green
* New York in Red
The good news is that using Green and Red for London and New York, gives a nice distinct yellow for the overlapping sessions. Sydney and Tokyo are by in similar colors by design.
By default, only London and New York show, but you may turn on Sydney and Tokyo in the settings.
## Use, Share, Like, etc #
Have fun!
-- chilts
Session Highs and Lows IndicatorSession Highs and Lows Indicator
This indicator automatically tracks and displays the High and Low prices for major trading sessions:
London
New York
Asia
New York Close
For each session, it plots:
A label at the highest and lowest price point reached during the session.
A dashed line showing the high and low levels extended to the right (until the current bar), helping traders visualize key support/resistance zones.
You can toggle visibility for each session individually through the settings panel.
Session times are set in GMT+8, but you can adjust them in the code if needed.
Color code:
London: Blue
New York: Red
Asia: Green
New York Close: Orange
All lines and labels are semi-transparent to avoid chart clutter.
Ideal for intraday and session-based trading strategies.
Forex/Crypto/Custom Market SessionsCredit goes to TradeMasterSavis for providing the original code
I merge the 2 sessions together allowing you to toggle between the two. I also add a 3rd custom session type and the ability to change the duration of each trading session. This would solve any problems ran into the case of Daylight savings time switch or if you just want different session duration.
Session Breakouts & Trend Indicator# Session Breakouts & Trend Indicator
This indicator identifies high-probability trading opportunities by tracking key intraday sessions and their breakouts while aligning them with the overall market trend direction.
## What Makes This Indicator Unique
Unlike standard breakout indicators that only identify when price crosses a threshold, this indicator:
- Dynamically identifies and tracks important daily sessions (default: AM 09:00-10:00 and PM 15:00-16:00)
- Determines trend direction using a triple EMA system (20/50/200)
- Shows when breakouts align with the overall trend (higher probability setups)
- Provides visual confirmation with session ranges, breakout levels, and background highlighting
- Includes a comprehensive information panel showing trend/session alignment
## How It Works
The indicator tracks two important daily sessions:
1. **AM Session**: Typically the first hour of trading (default: 09:00-10:00)
2. **PM Session**: Typically the last hour of trading (default: 15:00-16:00)
For each session, it:
- Marks the high and low range
- Establishes breakout levels above/below these ranges
- Detects when price breaks beyond these levels
- Determines if the breakout aligns with the prevailing trend
The trend is calculated using three EMAs (20, 50, 200) for reliable trend identification.
## How To Use
1. Apply the indicator to your chart (works best on 5-minute timeframes)
2. Adjust session times to match your trading schedule if needed
3. Watch for breakouts above session highs (bullish) or below session lows (bearish)
4. Check the information panel to see if the breakout aligns with the trend
5. Enter trades in the direction of trend-aligned breakouts for higher probability setups
6. Set stop losses below the opposite side of the session range
## Settings
- **Session Times**: Customize AM and PM session times
- **EMA Lengths**: Adjust trend determination sensitivity
- **Visualization Options**: Toggle display of sessions, breakouts, and VWAP
- **Alert Settings**: Configure alerts for breakouts and trend-aligned conditions
This indicator is valuable for day traders and swing traders looking for objective entry points with higher probability of success.
Forex Session + Volume Profile [RunRox]📊 Forex Session + Volume Profile is built especially for traders who work with intra-session liquidity concepts or any strategy that needs a clear visual of trading sessions and the liquidity inside them.
Our team created this indicator to give you better session visibility, flexible session styling, and extra tools that help you navigate the market more easily.
📌 Features:
6 fully customizable sessions
Kill Zone (the high-impact trading window)
Volume Profile for each session
POC / VAL / VAH / LVN levels (Point of Control, Value Area Low, Value Area High, Low Volume Node)
PDH / PDL levels (Previous Day High / Low)
PWH / PWL levels (Previous Week High / Low)
NYM level (New York Market level)
Active sessions table
5 style options for each session
All of this gives you the flexibility to set up exactly the layout you need for your trading. Below, you’ll find a more detailed look at each feature.
🗓️ 6 CUSTOMIZABLE SESSION
The indicator includes six sessions that you can fully customize to fit your needs—everything from naming each session and choosing line colors to adjusting opacity, showing the volume profile, or even turning off a session entirely if you don’t need it.
Plus, you can pick different display styles for each session. As shown in the screenshot below, there are five style options you can apply individually to every session.
5 Style Options for Sessions
BOX
AREA
ZONES
LINES
CURVED
These styles can be customized for each session individually to help you highlight the sessions you care about on your chart. Example below
📢 VOLUME PROFILE
We’ve also integrated a Volume Profile into the indicator to pinpoint important levels on the chart. On top of that, we’ve added extra volume-based levels. Below, you’ll find the settings and a visual demo of how it appears on your chart.
To identify optimal entry points, you can use the following key reference levels:
POC (Point of Control)
VAL (Value Area Low)
VAH (Value Area High)
LVN (Low Volume Node)
You can also customize colors and line styles, or hide any levels you don’t need on your chart.
📐 ADDITIONAL LEVELS
You can display the following levels on your chart:
NYM (New York Market)
PDH (Previous Day High)
PDL (Previous Day Low)
PWH (Previous Week High)
PWL (Previous Week Low)
All of these are fully customizable with color selection and the option to extend lines into the next period.
💹 ACTIVE SESSION TABLE
The active sessions table helps you quickly identify the trading times for the sessions you care about. It’s fully customizable, with options to choose border and background colors for the table itself.
🟠 USAGE
This indicator is highly versatile: use it to simply mark trading sessions on your chart, set up the Kill Zone at your chosen time, or identify the context of the previous session by its most traded range levels. All of this makes the indicator an invaluable tool for any trader!
Tutorial - Adding sessions to strategiesA simple script to illustrate how to add sessions to trading strategies.
In this interactive tutorial, you'll learn how to add trading sessions to your strategies using Pine Script. By the end of this session (pun intended!), you'll be able to create custom trading windows that adapt to changing market conditions.
What You'll Learn:
Defining Trading Sessions: Understand how to set up specific time frames for buying and selling, tailored to your unique trading style.
RSI-Based Entry Signals: Discover how to use the Relative Strength Index (RSI) as a trigger for buy and sell signals, helping you capitalize on market trends.
Combining Session Logic with Trading Decisions: Learn how to integrate session-based logic into your strategy, ensuring that trades are executed only during designated times.
By combining these elements, we create an interactive strategy that:
1. Generates buy and sell signals based on RSI levels.
2. Checks if the market is open during a specific trading session (e.g., 1300-1700).
3. Executes trades only when both conditions are met.
**Tips & Variations:**
* Experiment with different RSI periods, thresholds, and sessions to optimize your strategy for various markets and time frames.
* Consider adding more advanced logic, such as stop-losses or position sizing, to further refine your trading approach.
Get ready to take your Pine Script skills to the next level!
~Description partially generated with Llama3_8B
Market Sessions - By LeviathanA simple indicator to help you keep track of 4 market sessions (default: Tokyo, London, New York, Sydney) in 4 different visual forms (boxes, timeline, zones, colored candles) with many other useful tools.
You can choose between 4 different market sessions. The default ones are Tokyo, London, New York and Sydney but you can easily customize the times, names and colors to make the script plot any session you need. Sessions can be viewed in 4 different ways: boxes, zones, timelines, or just colored candles, all with customizable appearances. You can make your chart cleaner by merging sessions overlaps, choosing a custom lookback period and also picking between various additional settings such as viewing session High/Low or Open/Close change in % or pips, hiding weekends, viewing the Open/Close Line to identify session’s direction and 0.5 level to see session’s “Equilibrium” and much more. More updates with interesting tools will be added in the future.
Note: The script will plot the correct default Tokyo, London, New York and Sydney sessions automatically, your chart/Tradingview app timezone does not matter! If you wish to tweak the open/close times of sessions, just make sure you input them in UTC (but even this can be changed later in the settings)
Settings Overview
SESSIONS
- You can show/hide Tokyo Session, rename it, change the color and set up start/end time.
- You can show/hide London Session, rename it, change the color and set up start/end time.
- You can show/hide New York Session, rename it, change the color and set up start/end time.
- You can show/hide Sydney Session, rename it, change the color and set up start/end time.
* Keep in mind that you can fully change and customize these sessions and therefore create any other sessions or a zone you wish to display.
ADDITIONAL TOOLS AND SETTINGS
1. “Change (Pips)” - this will add the pip distance between Session High and Session Low or the pip distance between Session Open and Session Close to the session label.
2. “Change (%)” - this will add the percentage distance between Session High and Session Low or the percentage distance between Session Open and Session Close to the session label.
3. “Merge Overlaps” - this will merge the overlapping sessions and show only one at a time (end of Tokyo is moved to start of London, the end of London is moved to the start of New York, end of New York is moved to start of Sydney and end of Sydney is moved to start of Tokyo).
4. “Hide Weekends” - this will prevent the script from plotting sessions over the weekend when the markets are closed.
5. “Open/Close Line” - this will draw a line from the session open to the session close (or current price, if session is ongoing).
6. “Session 0.5 Level” - this will draw a horizontal line halfway between the session’s high and the session’s low.
7. “Color Candles” - this will color the bars/candlesticks with the color of the session in which they occurred.
8. Display Type” - Choose between three different ways of session visualization (Boxes, Zones and Candles).
9. “Lookback (Days)” - this input tells the script to only draw sessions for X days back (1 = one day).
10. “Change (%/Pips) Source) - this is where you choose the source of “Change (Pips)” and ”Change (%) ” labels. Picking “Session High/Low” will show you the change between Session High and Session Low and picking “Session Open/Close” will show you the change between Session Open and Session Close.
11. “Input Timezone” - this defines the timezone of the session start/end inputs (you don’t have to change this unless you know what you’re doing)
Make sure to read future update logs to keep track of the most recent additions and settings of this script.
Box generation code inspired by Jos(TradingCode), session box visuals inspired by @boitoki's FX Market Sessions
Trading SessionsSimple Indicator which shows 6 major trading sessions
in a label it shows what sessions are currently active or not
the background will color if you are in the session
The time can be easily adjusted in the settings as well as how the sessions are displayed
London/NY Sessions [jpkxyz]London/NY Sessions Indicator Guide
This indicator tracks the forex market's most active trading periods: London session, New York session, and their overlap.
This characteristics of the London and New York trading sessions are well documented and many traders use them as a key element in their trading strategies. It is most relevant in forex trading, however it is to an extend also applicable in cryptocurrencies.
London Session (08:00-16:00 UTC)
Most active trading session (35% of daily forex volume)
Highest trading volume and liquidity
Major price movements and trend development
Significant institutional participation
New York Session (13:00-20:00 UTC)
Second most active trading period
High institutional order flow
Major US economic releases
Significant impact on USD pairs
London/New York Overlap (13:00-16:00 UTC)
The most active period in forex markets:
Maximum market liquidity
Highest daily trading volume
Strong price movements
Tightest spreads
Peak institutional activity
This indicator helps traders:
Visualize key trading sessions
Track session highs and lows
Monitor overlap dynamics
Identify potential support/resistance levels (session highs/lows)
market sessions by sellstreetIndicator of trading sessions:
Indicator created to track the opening of trading sessions:
Asia, Frankfurt, London, New York.
Tracking the opening of these key levels
- Day Opening (DO), Week Opening (WO), Month Opening (MO).
- New York (NYM) openings display.
- Highs and lows of the previous day (PDH/PDL).
- Day of the week display.
- Formation of the Сentral Bank Dealers Range (CBDR).
Indicator settings.
The open source code will help traders to understand the technical part of the script.
Flexible visual and technical setup of the indicator:
- Ability to enable/disable the display of trading sessions on the history.
- Enabling/disabling the display of the key opening levels on the chart history for a convenient backtest.
- Automatically switch to summer/winter time.
To use this indicator, add it to your favorites after the chart
TradingView must be overloaded to work correctly.
FVG Sessions [LuxAlgo]The FVG Sessions indicator highlights the first fair value gap of the trading session as well as the session range. Detected fair value gaps extend to the end of the trading session.
Alerts are included on the formation of a session fair value gap, price being within a session fair value gap, mitigations, and price crossing session fair value gaps average.
🔶 USAGE
Trader ICT states that the first fair value gap of the trading session can attract the most significant reaction. Having only one FVG per session allows users to further focus on that precise imbalance as well as external elements.
The mitigation of a fair value gap is clearly indicated on the chart with a more transparent color allowing users to see inverse FVGs.
Extending the fair value gaps allows the imbalance area to provide potential support and resistance.
Do note that this script should be used on intraday charts.
🔶 ALERTS
The script includes the following alerts:
🔹 Bullish/Bearish FVG
Alerts on the formation of the first bullish or bearish FVG of the session.
🔹 Bullish/Bearish FVG Mitigation
Alerts when the first bullish or bearish FVG of the session is mitigated.
🔹 Price Within FVG
Alerts when price is within the first bullish or bearish FVG area of the session.
🔹 Price Cross FVG Average
Alerts when price cross the average level of the first bullish or bearish FVG of the session.
Tomorrow's Custom Sessions: 4x Sessions projected into next dayTool to visualize your favored sessions for the day ahead (4x custom sessions)
-Input four custom sessions; they will be projected into the next day.
-Toggle on/off each session independently.
-Adjust multiplier UP to show more days of history (setting 0 = tomorrow only; setting 1 = today and tomorrow).
-Increase number from 1>>125 to show historical sessions/days, for backtesting purposes.
-If Set to 0, showing tomorrow only; the projected session boxes will disappear as price passes through their right hand edge.
--note: the session defaults i've written are arbitrary/not special; please choose your own--
Setting '0'; shows next day's sessions only
Market Sessions and TPO (+Forecast)This indicator "Market Sessions and TPO (+Forecast)" shows various market sessions alongside a TPO profile (presented as the traditional lettering system or as bars) and price forecast for the duration of the session.
Additionally, numerous statistics for the session are shown.
Features
Session open and close times presented in boxes
Session pre market and post market shown
TPO profile generated for each session (normal market hours only)
A forecast for the remained of the session is projected forward
Forecast can be augmented by ATR
Naked POCs remain on the chart until violated
Volume delta for the session shown
OI Change for the session shown (Binance sourced)
Total volume for the session shown
Price range for the session shown
The image above shows processes of the indicator.
Volume delta, OI change, total volume and session range are calculated and presented for each session.
Additionally, a TPO profile for the most recent session is shown, and a forecast for the remainder of the active session is shown.
The image above shows an alternative display method for the session forecast and TPO profile!
Additionally, the pre-market and post-market times are denoted by dashed boxes.
The image above exemplifies additional capabilities.
That's all for now; further updates to come and thank you for checking this out!
And a special thank you to @TradingView of course, for making all of this possible!
Take Session High/Low Alert [MsF]Japanese below / 日本語説明は英文の後にあります。
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This indicator that displays High/Low lines for each session. The Key Levels of each session can be visually recognized, which is useful for PD Array analysis. You can display the last 3 days. Based on trinity by ICT.
The biggest feature is that the color shape of the line changes when reaching High/Low. Of course, you can also set alerts.
Unreached High/Low lines can be extended to the right. hides all timeframes over 1 hour. (alert is alive)
You can choose 4 sessions. If you only want to use 3 sessions, you can do that by setting the same session time for 2 of the 4 session settings.
About Parameter Settings
Session Time: Please set it to be a 24-hour cycle. You can also specify the time zone. The default is NY time.
Basis/Other color: The first time specified in "Session Time" in this indicator's parameter is the "Basis color". "Other color" is a line other than that.
Enable Time Lines: You can turn on/off the display of vertical lines.
High/Low color: High/Low line setting that has not been reached.
Taken color: High/Low line setting that has already been reached.
Extend Lines: Allows unreached High/Low lines to be extended to the right in the chart.
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セッションごとのHigh/Lowをライン表示するインジケーターです。
過去約3日分を表示することができます。
最大の特徴はHigh/Low到達時にラインの色形が変わることです。もちろんアラート設定も可能です。
未到達のHigh/Lowラインは右側に延長することができます。
チャート表示がビジーとなる為、1時間を超える時間足ではすべて非表示とする仕様です。(アラートは生きてます)
セッションは4つ指定できます。
もしセッションを3つのみ使用したい場合は、4つのセッション設定の内2つに同じセッション時間を設定することで実現可能です。
■パラメータ設定
Session Time:24時間周期となるように設定してください。またタイムゾーンが指定できます。デフォルトはNY timeです。
Basis/Other color:パラメータの"Session Time"にて一番最初に指定した時間が基準=Basisとなります。Otherはそれ以外のラインとなります。
Enable Time Lines:垂直ラインの表示ON/OFFが可能です。
High/Low color:未到達のHigh/Lowライン設定となります。
Taken color:到達済みのHigh/Lowライン設定となります。
Extend Lines:未到達のHigh/Lowラインを右に延長できます。
VWAP Market Session AnchoredVWAP Market Session Anchored differs from the traditional VWAP or VWAP Auto Anchored indicator in that the Volume Weighted Average Price calculation is automatically anchored to four major market session starts: Sydney, London, Tokyo, New York.
Settings
Source: the source for the VWAP calculation.
Offset: changing this number will move the VWAP either Forwards or Backwards, relative to the current market. Zero is the default.
Band: enabling this will show Standard Deviation bands.
Band Multiplier: the value the Standard Deviation bands will be multiplied by before being plotted on the chart.
Sessions : enabling the sessions will plot the respective anchored VWAP on chart.
Custom: enabling this will show a custom user-defined session.
Custom UTC : the custom session is defined by a starting UTC hour followed by the ending UTC hour.
Usage
Similar to the traditional VWAP, VWAP Market Session Anchored is a technical analysis tool used to measure the average price weighted by volume. VWAP Market Session Anchored can be used to identify the trend during a specific market session.
Limitations
When setting a custom session, be mindful that calculations are based off of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time, you must convert your local time zone to UTC in order to have an accurate representation of your custom session.
It is not recommended to use this indicator on timeframes above 1 hour as market sessions only last a few hours.