Pinescript v3 Compatibility Framework (v4 Migration Tool)Pinescript v3 Compatibility Framework (v4 Migration Tool)
This code makes most v3 scripts work in v4 with only a few minor changes below. Place the framework code before the first input statement.
You can totally delete all comments.
Pros:
- to port to v4 you only need to make a few simple changes, not affecting the core v3 code functionality
Cons:
- without #include - large redundant code block, but can be reduced as needed
- no proper syntax highlighting, intellisence for substitute constant names
Make the following changes in v3 script:
1. standard types can't be var names, color_transp can't be in a function, rename in v3 script:
color() => color.new()
bool => bool_
integer => integer_
float => float_
string => string_
2. init na requires explicit type declaration
float a = na
color col = na
3. persistent var init (optional):
s = na
s := nz(s , s) // or s := na(s ) ? 0 : s
// can be replaced with var s
var s = 0
s := s + 1
___________________________________________________________
Key features of Pinescript v4 (FYI):
1. optional explicit type declaration/conversion (you still can't cast series to int)
float s
2. persistent var modifier
var s
var float s
3. string series - persistent strings now can be used in cond and output to screen dynamically
4. label and line objects
- can be dynamically created, deleted, modified using get/set functions, moved before/after the current bar
- can be in if or a function unlike plot
- max limit: 50-55 label, and 50-55 line drawing objects in addition to already existing plots - both not affected by max plot outputs 64
- can only be used in the main chart
- can serve as the only output function - at least one is required: plot, barcolor, line, label etc.
- dynamic var values (including strings) can be output to screen as text using label.new and to_string
str = close >= open ? "up" : "down"
label.new(bar_index, high, text=str)
col = close >= open ? color.green : color.red
label.new(bar_index, na, "close = " + tostring(close), color=col, textcolor=color.white, style=label.style_labeldown, yloc=yloc.abovebar)
// create new objects, delete old ones
l = line.new(bar_index, high, bar_index , low , width=4)
line.delete(l )
// free object buffer by deleting old objects first, then create new ones
var l = na
line.delete(l)
l = line.new(bar_index, high, bar_index , low , width=4)
Cari dalam skrip untuk "美元未来10天走势预测"
Turtle Trade Channels by KıvanÇ fr3762his trend following system was designed by Dennis Gartman and Bill Eckhart, and relies on breakouts of historical highs and lows to take and close trades: it is the complete opposite to the "buy low and sell high" approach. This trend following system was taught to a group of average and normal individuals, and almost everyone turned into a profitable trader.
The main rule is "Trade an N-day breakout and take profits when an M-day high or low is breached (N must me above M)". Examples:
Buy a 10-day breakout and close the trade when price action reaches a 5-day low.
Go short a 20-day breakout and close the trade when price action reaches a 10-day high.
In this indicator, the red line is the trading line, and the dotted blue line is the exit line. Original system is:
Go long when the trading line crosses below close price
Go short when the trading line rosses above close price
Exit long positions when the price touches the exit line
Exit short positions when the price touches the exit line
Recommended initial stop-loss is ATR * 2 from the opening price. Default system parameters were 20,10 and 55,20.
Original Turtle Rules:
To trade exactly like the turtles did, you need to set up two indicators representing the main and the failsafe system.
Set up the main indicator with TradePeriod = 20 and StopPeriod = 10 (A.k.a S1)
Set up the failsafe indicator with TradePeriod = 55 and StopPeriod = 20 using a different color. (A.k.a S2)
The entry strategy using S1 is as follows
Buy 20-day breakouts using S1 only if last signaled trade was a loss.
Sell 20-day breakouts using S1 only if last signaled trade was a loss.
If last signaled trade by S1 was a win, you shouldn't trade -Irregardless of the direction or if you traded last signal it or not-
The entry strategy using S2 is as follows:
Buy 55-day breakouts only if you ignored last S1 signal and the market is rallying without you
Sell 55-day breakouts only if you ignored last S1 signal and the market is pluging without you
The turtles had a progressive position sizing approach that boosted their winnings. Once a trading decision has been made you should...
Developers: Dennis Gartman and Bill Eckhart
İndikatörü geliştiren: Dennis Gartman and Bill Eckhart
Amazing Crossover System - 100+ pips per day!I got the main concept for this system on another site. While I have made one important change, I must stress that the heart of this system was created by someone else! We must give credit where credit is due!
Y'all know baby pips. @ForexPhantom published about this system and did both back and forward test around 10 years ago.
I found it on the sit and now I put it to code to see how it performs. I assume 10 points spread for every trade. I use Renesource or AxiTrader to get the low spreads.
There are 2 mods, the single trades and constant trading on the direction.
Main concept
Indicators
5 EMA -- YELLOW
10 EMA -- RED
RSI (10 - Apply to Median Price: HL/2) -- One level at 50.
TIME FRAME
1 Hour Only (very important!)
PAIRS
Virtually any pair seems to work as this is strictly technical analysis.
I recommend sticking to the main currencies and avoiding cross currencies (just his preference).
WHEN TO ENTER A TRADE
Enter LONG when the Yellow EMA crosses the Red EMA from underneath.
RSI must be approaching 50 from the BOTTOM and cross 50 to warrant entry.
Enter SHORT when the Yellow EMA crosses the Red EMA from the top.
RSI must be approaching 50 from the TOP and cross 50 to warrant entry.
I've attached a picture which demonstrates all these conditions.
That's it!
f.bpcdn.co
Trend Score by KIVANÇ fr3762Trend Score compares close prices between last close with previous closes by a certain period of time.
It's like momentum but gives a score +1 when close price is equal to or above (defaultly) 10 bars ago and gives a score of -1 when below.
calculation continues from default length to the 2 times of length.
Defaultly (for 10 bars length)
If Trend Score converges to 10; that means there's a strong uptrend
conversely if Trend Score converges to -10; that means a strong downtrend market is on.
JSE Wyckoff Wave Volume Code// The Stock Market Institute (SMI) describes an propriety indicator the "SMI Wyckoff Wave" for US Stocks. This code is an attempt to make a Wyckoff Wave for the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE).
// The JSE Wyckoff Wave is in a separate code. This is the code for the volume of the wave. Please see code for the JSE Wyckoff Wave which goes with this indicator.
//
// The Wave presents a normalized price for the 10 selected stocks (An Index for the 10 stocks).
// The theory is to select stocks that are widely held, market leaders, actively traded and participate in important market moves.
// This is only my attempt to select 10 stocks and a different selection can be made.
// I am not certain how SMI determine their weightings but what I have done it to equalize the Rand value of the stock volumne so that moves are of equal magnitude.
// The then provides a view of the overall condition of the market and volume flow in the market.
//
// I have used the September 2018 price to normalize the stock price for the 10 selected stocks based. The stocks and weightings can be changed periodically depending on the performance and leadership.
//
// Please, let me know if there is a better work around this.
The stocks and their weightings are:
"JSE:BTI"/0.79
"JSE:SHP"/2.87
"JSE:NPN"/0.18
"JSE:AGL"/1.96
"JSE:SOL"/1.0
"JSE:CFR"/4.42
"JSE:MND"/1.40
"JSE:MTN"/7.63
"JSE:SLM"/7.29
"JSE:FSR"/8.25
JSE Wyckoff WaveThe Stock Market Institute (SMI) describes an propriety indicator the "SMI Wyckoff Wave" for US Stocks. This code is an attempt to make a Wyckoff Wave for the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Once the wave has been established the volume can also be calculated. Please see code for the JSE Wyckoff Wave Volume which goes with this indicator.
The Wave presents a normalized price for the 10 selected stocks (An Index for the 10 stocks). The theory is to select stocks that are widely held, market leaders, actively traded and participate in important market moves. This is only my attempt to select 10 stocks and a different selection can be made. I am not certain how SMI determine their weightings but what I have done it to equalize the Rand value of the stock so that moves are of equal magnitude. The then provides a view of the overall condition of the market and volume flow in the market.
I have used the September 2018 price to normalize the stock price for the 10 selected stocks based. The stocks and weightings can be changed periodically depending on the performance and leadership.
Most Indecies when constructed assume that all high prices and all low prices happen at the same time and therefor inflate the wicks of the bars. To make the wave more representatives for the SMI Wyckoff Wave the price is determined on the 5 minute timeframe which removes this bias. However, TradingView does not calculate properly when selecting a lower timeframe than in current period. A work around is to call the sma of the highs and add these which provides more realistic tails. Please, let me know if there is a better work around this.
The stocks and their weightings are:
"JSE:BTI"*0.79
"JSE:SHP"*2.87
"JSE:NPN"*0.18
"JSE:AGL"*1.96
"JSE:SOL"*1.0
"JSE:CFR"*4.42
"JSE:MND"*1.40
"JSE:MTN"*7.63
"JSE:SLM"*7.29
"JSE:FSR"*8.25
OHLC Daily Resolution BandsShout out to nPE- for the idea.
Bands made with stdev from 10 day OHLC.
Keeps resolution to daily, so you can use bands as daily pivots for day trading.
Upper band 1=yesterday close + 0.5 std(ohlc,10)
Upper band 1=yesterday close + 1 std(ohlc,10)
Mid=yesterday close
Lower band 1=yesterday close - 0.5 std(ohlc,10)
Lower band 2=yesterday close - 1 std(ohlc,1
XPloRR MA-Buy ATR-Trailing-Stop Long Term Strategy Beating B&HXPloRR MA-Buy ATR-MA-Trailing-Stop Strategy
Long term MA Trailing Stop strategy to beat Buy&Hold strategy
None of the strategies that I tested can beat the long term Buy&Hold strategy. That's the reason why I wrote this strategy.
Purpose: beat Buy&Hold strategy with around 10 trades. 100% capitalize sold trade into new trade.
My buy strategy is triggered by the EMA(blue) crossing over the SMA curve(orange).
My sell strategy is triggered by another EMA(lime) of the close value crossing the trailing stop(green) value.
The trailing stop value(green) is set to a multiple of the ATR(15) value.
ATR(15) is the SMA(15) value of the difference between high and low values.
Every stock has it's own "DNA", so first thing to do is find the right parameters to get the best strategy values voor EMA, SMA and Trailing Stop.
Then keep using these parameter for future buy/sell signals only for that particular stock.
Do the same for other stocks.
Here are the parameters:
Exponential MA: buy trigger when crossing over the SMA value (use values between 11-50)
Simple MA: buy trigger when EMA crosses over the SMA value (use values between 20 and 200)
Stop EMA: sell trigger when Stop EMA of close value crosses under the trailing stop value (use values between 8 and 16)
Trailing Stop #ATR: defines the trailing stop value as a multiple of the ATR(15) value
Example parameters for different stocks (Start capital: 1000, Order=100% of equity, Period 1/1/2005 to now):
BAR(Barco): EMA=11, SMA=82, StopEMA=12, Stop#ATR=9
Buy&HoldProfit: 45.82%, NetProfit: 294.7%, #Trades:8, %Profit:62.5%, ProfitFactor: 12.539
AAPL(Apple): EMA=12, SMA=45, StopEMA=12, Stop#ATR=6
Buy&HoldProfit: 2925.86%, NetProfit: 4035.92%, #Trades:10, %Profit:60%, ProfitFactor: 6.36
BEKB(Bekaert): EMA=12, SMA=42, StopEMA=12, Stop#ATR=7
Buy&HoldProfit: 81.11%, NetProfit: 521.37%, #Trades:10, %Profit:60%, ProfitFactor: 2.617
SOLB(Solvay): EMA=12, SMA=63, StopEMA=11, Stop#ATR=8
Buy&HoldProfit: 43.61%, NetProfit: 151.4%, #Trades:8, %Profit:75%, ProfitFactor: 3.794
PHIA(Philips): EMA=11, SMA=80, StopEMA=8, Stop#ATR=10
Buy&HoldProfit: 56.79%, NetProfit: 198.46%, #Trades:6, %Profit:83.33%, ProfitFactor: 23.07
I am very curious to see the parameters for your stocks and please make suggestions to improve this strategy.
Mattzab ArrowsMattzab Arrows
THE BASICS
Buy and Sell Signal Arrows
Tack Marks to show how close the next opposite arrow might be- showing possible trend reversals
Standard Bollinger Bands
10-Day SMA Line
Configurable
Open Source
THE NITTY GRITTY
For starters, all values listed below can be changed in the settings. Length of time, as well as source, can be changed. For the Hidden EMA, this can be made visible by increasing its transparency.
ARROWS
The buy and sell signal arrows are based on price and MACD histogram.
The MACD settings are as follows: 10 day fast EMA , 20 day slow EMA , 5 day SMA signal smoothing. Instead of close price, we are using the average point of the day's high, low, and close.
For the arrows, current price and yesterday's price are using hl2 for high/low average.
A BUY arrow is created when:
Current Price IS GREATER THAN Previous Price _AND_ Current MACD Histogram IS GREATER THAN Previous MACD Histogram.
Important Note! Because the MACD Histogram repaints, the buy arrows may appear, then disappear later in the day, if the MACD changes. Check on the changelog to see if I've fixed it by the time you're reading this. (TradingView doesn't let you edit the description after it's been posted)
A SELL arrow is created when:
Current Price IS LESS THAN Previous Price _AND_ Current MACD Histogram IS LESS THAN Yesterday's MACD Histogram _AND_ Close Price is below _EITHER_ the Hidden EMA (default set to 4) _OR_ the Visible SMA (Default set to 10, which is the black line).
The hidden EMA can be made visible by increasing it's transparency in the Style tab.
Including the requirement to only sell if the standard conditions are met, PLUS being below one of those moving average lines, helps to prevent false sell arrows and repainting.
TACK MARKS
The Red Tack is the threshold, or barrier, for the next arrow. It will not move. It is based on previous High/Low/Close Price + MACD.
The Blue Tack is the current point in space for our average Price and MACD Delta Values. It will move throughout the day (or hour or minute depending on your resolution). The Blue Tack will give you an indication of how close or how far from the reversal threshold (Red Tack) the ticker is at that point.
While the Blue Tack is ABOVE Red, the most recent signal arrow will be a buy, and we are in a buy/hold period.
While the Blue Tack is BELOW Red, the most recent signal arrow will be a sell, and we are in a sell/wait period.
If the Blue Tack crosses above or below Red, you'll get the next arrow.
MOVING AVERAGE LINES
There are three moving average lines in this indicator.
The first is black, and is by default a 10-Day Simple Moving Average Line.
This black line is a good safeguard against selling too early. This is a good support line and that's how I use it.
The second is invisible, but can be made visible in the Styling, and is by default a 4-Day Exponential Moving Average Line
The third is the blue 20-Day Bollinger Band line.
BOLLINGER BANDS
The Bollinger Bands are unmodified and are just a background indicator for your use. If you prefer not to see the Bollinger Bands , change their transparency to 0% to hide them. I've cleaned up the Bollinger Bands to make the indicator as a whole- easier on the eyes.
Please leave feedback on how the script works for you, if you run into problems, if you have any changes you'd like to see, etc.
MACDouble + RSI (rec. 15min-2hr intrv) Uses two sets of MACD plus an RSI to either long or short. All three indicators trigger buy/sell as one (ie it's not 'IF MACD1 OR MACD2 OR RSI > 1 = buy", its more like "IF 1 AND 2 AND RSI=buy", all 3 match required for trigger)
The MACD inputs should be tweaked depending on timeframe and what you are trading. If you are doing 1, 3, 5 min or real frequent trading then 21/44/20 and 32/66/29 or other high value MACDs should be considered. If you are doing longer intervals like 2, 3, 4hr then consider 9/19/9 and 21/44/20 for MACDs (experiment! I picked these example #s randomly).
Ideal usage for the MACD sets is to have MACD2 inputs at around 1.5x, 2x, or 3x MACD1's inputs.
Other settings to consider: try having fastlength1=macdlength1 and then (fastlength2 = macdlength2 - 2). Like 10/26/10 and 23/48/20. This seems to increase net profit since it is more likely to trigger before major price moves, but may decrease profitable trade %. Conversely, consider FL1=MCDL1 and FL2 = MCDL2 + (FL2 * 0.5). Example: 10/26/10 and 22/48/30 this can increase profitable trade %, though may cost some net profit.
Feel free to message me with suggestions or questions.
Kay_BBandsV3This is the 3rd version of Kay_BBands.
When +DI (Directional Index ) is above -DI , then Upper band will be visible and vice-versa.
This is when the ADX is above the threshold. 28 is the default in this version. I found its more appealing in 5M time frame.
BLUE - ADX under 10
GREEN - Uptrend, ADX over 10
RED - Downtrend, ADX over 10
Use it with another band with setting 20, 0.6 deviation. Prices keeping above or below the 2nd bands upper or lower bounds shows trending conditions.
I didn't know how to update the old script so published it again.
Changes - :
1) Updated default settings for the indicator
2) ADX setting are now DI (28), ADX (10), adx level to check is 10.
3) IMPORTANT one - When DI is up/down, lower/upper band will also have color (more visible that way.)
Play around the settings.. It really eliminates extra indicator checking visually... Please like if you think idea is good.
CM Renko Overlay BarsCM_Renko Overlay Bars V1
Overlays Renko Bars on Regular Price Bars.
Default Renko plot is based on Average True Range. Look Back period adjustable in Inputs Tab.
If you Choose to use "Traditional" Renko bars and pick the Size of the Renko Bars the please read below.
Value in Input Tab is multiplied by .001 (To work on Forex)
1 = 10 pips on EURUSD - 1 X .001 = .001 or 10 Pips
10 = .01 or 100 Pips
1000 = 1 point to the left of decimal. 1 Point in Stocks etc.
10000 = 10 Points on Stocks etc.
***V2 will fix this issue.
Custom Indicator - No Trade Zone Warning Back Ground Highlights!Years ago I did an analysis of my trades. Every period of the day was profitable except for two. From 10:00-1030, and 1:00 to 1:30. (I was actively Day Trading Futures) Imagine a vertical graph broken down in to 30 minute time segments. I had nice Green bars in every time slot (Showing Net Profits), and HUGE Red Bars from 10 to 10:30 and 1 to 1:30. After analysis I found I made consistent profits at session open, but then I would enter in to bad setups around 10 to make more money. I also found after I took lunch when I came back at 1:00 I would force trades instead of patiently waiting for a great trade setup. I created an indicator that plotted a red background around those times telling me I was not allowed to enter a trade. Profits went up!!! Details on How to adjust times are in 1st Post. You can adjust times and colors to meet your own trading needs.
EMA–VWAP Strategy (Confirmed crosses, 1 trade/cross)Wait for 10 and 20 ema to cross
Buy between 10 and 20
wait for 20 and 50 to cross
buy at vwap
10/20/50 ema and vwap is plotted
Globex Trap w/ percentage [SLICKRICK]Globex Trap w/ Percentage
Overview
The Globex Trap w/ Percentage indicator is a powerful tool designed to help traders identify high-probability trading opportunities by analyzing price action during the Globex (overnight) session and regular trading hours. By combining Globex session ranges with Supply & Demand zones, this indicator highlights potential "trap" areas where significant price reactions may occur. Additionally, it calculates the Globex session range as a percentage of the daily Average True Range (ATR), providing valuable context for assessing market volatility.
This indicator is ideal for traders in futures markets or other instruments traded during Globex sessions, offering a visual and analytical edge for spotting key price levels and potential reversals or breakouts.
Key Features
Globex Session Tracking:
Visualizes the high and low of the Globex session (default: 3:00 PM to 6:30 AM PST) with customizable time settings.
Displays a semi-transparent box to mark the Globex range, with labels for "Globex High" and "Globex Low."
Calculates the Globex range as a percentage of the daily ATR, displayed as a label for quick reference.
Supply & Demand Zones:
Identifies Supply & Demand zones during regular trading hours (default: 6:00 AM to 8:00 AM PST) with customizable time settings.
Draws semi-transparent boxes to highlight these zones, aiding in the identification of key support and resistance areas.
Trap Area Identification:
Highlights potential trap zones where Globex ranges and Supply & Demand zones overlap, indicating areas where price may reverse or consolidate due to trapped traders.
Customizable Settings:
Adjust Globex and Supply & Demand session times to suit your trading preferences.
Toggle visibility of Globex and Supply & Demand zones independently.
Customize box colors for better chart readability.
Set the lookback period (default: 10 days) to control how many historical zones are displayed.
Configure the ATR length (default: 14) for the percentage calculation.
PST Timezone Default:
All times are based on Pacific Standard Time (PST) by default, ensuring accurate session tracking for users in this timezone or those aligning with U.S. West Coast market hours.
Recommended Usage
Timeframes: Best used on 1-hour charts or lower (e.g., 15-minute, 5-minute) for precise entry and exit points.
Markets: Optimized for futures (e.g., ES, NQ, CL) and other instruments traded during Globex sessions.
Historical Data: Ensure at least 10 days of historical data for optimal visualization of zones.
Strategy Integration: Use the indicator to identify potential reversals or breakouts at Globex highs/lows or Supply & Demand zones. The ATR percentage provides context for whether the Globex range is significant relative to typical daily volatility.
How It Works
Globex Session:
Tracks the high and low prices during the user-defined Globex session (default: 3:00 PM to 6:30 AM PST).
When the session ends, a box is drawn from the start to the end of the session, capturing the high and low prices.
Labels are placed at the midpoint of the session, showing "Globex High," "Globex Low," and the range as a percentage of the daily ATR (e.g., "75.23% of Daily ATR").
Supply & Demand Zones:
Tracks the high and low prices during the user-defined regular trading hours (default: 6:00 AM to 8:00 AM PST).
Draws a box to mark these zones, which often act as key support or resistance levels.
ATR Percentage:
Calculates the Globex range (high minus low) and divides it by the daily ATR to express it as a percentage.
This metric helps traders gauge whether the overnight price movement is significant compared to the instrument’s typical volatility.
Time Handling:
Uses PST (UTC-8) for all time calculations, ensuring accurate session timing for users aligning with this timezone.
Properly handles overnight sessions that cross midnight, ensuring seamless tracking.
Input Settings
Globex Session Settings:
Show Globex Session: Enable/disable Globex session visualization (default: true).
Globex Start/End Time: Set the start and end times for the Globex session (default: 3:00 PM to 6:30 AM PST).
Globex Box Color: Customize the color of the Globex session box (default: semi-transparent gray).
Supply & Demand Zone Settings:
Show Supply & Demand Zone: Enable/disable zone visualization (default: true).
Zone Start/End Time: Set the start and end times for Supply & Demand zones (default: 6:00 AM to 8:00 AM PST).
Zone Box Color: Customize the color of the zone box (default: semi-transparent aqua).
General Settings:
Days to Look Back: Number of historical days to display zones (default: 10).
ATR Length: Period for calculating the daily ATR (default: 14).
Notes
All times are in Pacific Standard Time (PST). Adjust the start and end times if your market operates in a different timezone or if you prefer different session windows.
The indicator is optimized for instruments with active Globex sessions, such as futures. Results may vary for non-24/5 markets.
A typo in the label "Globe Low" (should be "Globex Low") will be corrected in future updates.
Ensure your TradingView chart is set to display sufficient historical data to view the full lookback period.
Why Use This Indicator?
The Globex Trap w/ Percentage indicator provides a unique combination of session-based range analysis, Supply & Demand zone identification, and volatility context via the ATR percentage. Whether you’re a day trader, swing trader, or scalper, this tool helps you:
Pinpoint key price levels where institutional traders may act.
Assess the significance of overnight price movements relative to daily volatility.
Identify potential trap zones for high-probability setups.
Customize the indicator to fit your trading style and market preferences.
HorizonSigma Pro [CHE]HorizonSigma Pro
Disclaimer
Not every timeframe will yield good results . Very short charts are dominated by microstructure noise, spreads, and slippage; signals can flip and the tradable edge shrinks after costs. Very high timeframes adapt more slowly, provide fewer samples, and can lag regime shifts. When you change timeframe, you also change the ratios between horizon, lookbacks, and correlation windows—what works on M5 won’t automatically hold on H1 or D1. Liquidity, session effects (overnight gaps, news bursts), and volatility do not scale linearly with time. Always validate per symbol and timeframe, then retune horizon, z-length, correlation window, and either the neutral band or the z-threshold. On fast charts, “components” mode adapts quicker; on slower charts, “super” reduces noise. Keep prior-shift and calibration enabled, monitor Hit Rate with its confidence interval and the Brier score, and execute only on confirmed (closed-bar) values.
For example, what do “UP 61%” and “DOWN 21%” mean?
“UP 61%” is the model’s estimated probability that the close will be higher after your selected horizon—directional probability, not a price target or profit guarantee. “DOWN 21%” still reports the probability of up; here it’s 21%, which implies 79% for down (a short bias). The label switches to “DOWN” because the probability falls below your short threshold. With a neutral-band policy, for example ±7%, signals are: Long above 57%, Short below 43%, Neutral in between. In z-score mode, fixed z-cutoffs drive the call instead of percentages. The arrow length on the chart is an ATR-scaled projection to visualize reach; treat it as guidance, not a promise.
Part 1 — Scientific description
Objective.
The indicator estimates the probability that price will be higher after a user-defined horizon (a chosen number of bars) and emits long, short, or neutral decisions under explicit thresholds. It combines multi‑feature, z‑normalized inputs, adaptive correlation‑based weighting, a prior‑shifted sigmoid mapping, optional rolling probability calibration, and repaint‑safe confirmation. It also visualizes an ATR‑scaled forward projection and prints a compact statistics panel.
Data and labeling.
For each bar, the target label is whether price increased over the past chosen horizon. Learning is deliberately backward‑looking to avoid look‑ahead: features are associated with outcomes that are only known after that horizon has elapsed.
Feature engineering.
The feature set includes momentum, RSI, stochastic %K, MACD histogram slope, a normalized EMA(20/50) trend spread, ATR as a share of price, Bollinger Band width, and volume normalized by its moving average. All features are standardized over rolling windows. A compressed “super‑feature” is available that aggregates core trend and momentum components while penalizing excessive width (volatility). Users can switch between a “components” mode (weighted sum of individual features) and a “super” mode (single compressed driver).
Weighting and learning.
Weights are the rolling correlations between features (evaluated one horizon ago) and realized directional outcomes, smoothed by an EMA and optionally clamped to a bounded range to stabilize outliers. This produces an adaptive, regime‑aware weighting without explicit machine‑learning libraries.
Scoring and probability mapping.
The raw score is either the weighted component sum or the weighted super‑feature. The score is standardized again and passed through a sigmoid whose steepness is user‑controlled. A “prior shift” moves the sigmoid’s midpoint to the current base rate of up moves, estimated over the evaluation window, so that probabilities remain well‑calibrated when markets drift bullish or bearish. Probabilities and standardized scores are EMA‑smoothed for stability.
Decision policy.
Two modes are supported:
- Neutral band: go long if the probability is above one half plus a user‑set band; go short if it is below one half minus that band; otherwise stay neutral.
- Z‑score thresholds: use symmetric positive/negative cutoffs on the standardized score to trigger long/short.
Repaint protection.
All values used for decisions can be locked to confirmed (closed) bars. Intrabar updates are available as a preview, but confirmed values drive evaluation and stats.
Calibration.
An optional rolling linear calibration maps past confirmed probabilities to realized outcomes over the evaluation window. The mapping is clipped to the unit interval and can be injected back into the decision logic if desired. This improves reliability (probabilities that “mean what they say”) without necessarily improving raw separability.
Evaluation metrics.
The table reports: hit rate on signaled bars; a Wilson confidence interval for that hit rate at a chosen confidence level; Brier score as a measure of probability accuracy; counts of long/short trades; average realized return by side; profit factor; net return; and exposure (signal density). All are computed on rolling windows consistent with the learning scheme.
Visualization.
On the chart, an arrowed projection shows the predicted direction from the current bar to the chosen horizon, with magnitude scaled by ATR (optionally scaled by the square‑root of the horizon). Labels display either the decision probability or the standardized score. Neutral states can display a configurable icon for immediate recognition.
Computational properties.
The design relies on rolling means, standard deviations, correlations, and EMAs. Per‑bar cost is constant with respect to history length, and memory is constant per tracked series. Graphical objects are updated in place to obey platform limits.
Assumptions and limitations.
The method is correlation‑based and will adapt after regime changes, not before them. Calibration improves probability reliability but not necessarily ranking power. Intrabar previews are non‑binding and should not be evaluated as historical performance.
Part 2 — Trader‑facing description
What it does.
This tool tells you how likely price is to be higher after your chosen number of bars and converts that into Long / Short / Neutral calls. It learns, in real time, which components—momentum, trend, volatility, breadth, and volume—matter now, adjusts their weights, and shows you a probability line plus a forward arrow scaled by volatility.
How to set it up.
1) Choose your horizon. Intraday scalps: 5–10 bars. Swings: 10–30 bars. The default of 14 bars is a balanced starting point.
2) Pick a feature mode.
- components: granular and fast to adapt when leadership rotates between signals.
- super: cleaner single driver; less noise, slightly slower to react.
3) Decide how signals are triggered.
- Neutral band (probability based): intuitive and easy to tune. Widen the band for fewer, higher‑quality trades; tighten to catch more moves.
- Z‑score thresholds: consistent numeric cutoffs that ignore base‑rate drift.
4) Keep reliability helpers on. Leave prior shift and calibration enabled to stabilize probabilities across bullish/bearish regimes.
5) Smoothing. A short EMA on the probability or score reduces whipsaws while preserving turns.
6) Overlay. The arrow shows the call and a volatility‑scaled reach for the next horizon. Treat it as guidance, not a promise.
Reading the stats table.
- Hit Rate with a confidence interval: your recent accuracy with an uncertainty range; trust the range, not only the point.
- Brier Score: lower is better; it checks whether a stated “70%” really behaves like 70% over time.
- Profit Factor, Net Return, Exposure: quick triage of tradability and signal density.
- Average Return by Side: sanity‑check that the long and short calls each pull their weight.
Typical adjustments.
- Too many trades? Increase the neutral band or raise the z‑threshold.
- Missing the move? Tighten the band, or switch to components mode to react faster.
- Choppy timeframe? Lengthen the z‑score and correlation windows; keep calibration on.
- Volatility regime change? Revisit the ATR multiplier and enable square‑root scaling of horizon.
Execution and risk.
- Size positions by volatility (ATR‑based sizing works well).
- Enter on confirmed values; use intrabar previews only as early signals.
- Combine with your market structure (levels, liquidity zones). This model is statistical, not clairvoyant.
What it is not.
Not a black‑box machine‑learning model. It is transparent, correlation‑weighted technical analysis with strong attention to probability reliability and repaint safety.
Suggested defaults (robust starting point).
- Horizon 14; components mode; weight EMA 10; correlation window 500; z‑length 200.
- Neutral band around seven percentage points, or z‑threshold around one‑third of a standard deviation.
- Prior shift ON, Calibration ON, Use calibrated for decisions OFF to start.
- ATR multiplier 1.0; square‑root horizon scaling ON; EMA smoothing 3.
- Confidence setting equivalent to about 95%.
Disclaimer
No indicator guarantees profits. HorizonSigma Pro is a decision aid; always combine with solid risk management and your own judgment. Backtest, forward test, and size responsibly.
The content provided, including all code and materials, is strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instrument, or an offer of any financial product or service. All strategies, tools, and examples discussed are provided for illustrative purposes to demonstrate coding techniques and the functionality of Pine Script within a trading context.
Any results from strategies or tools provided are hypothetical, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading and investing involve high risk, including the potential loss of principal, and may not be suitable for all individuals. Before making any trading decisions, please consult with a qualified financial professional to understand the risks involved.
By using this script, you acknowledge and agree that any trading decisions are made solely at your discretion and risk.
Enhance your trading precision and confidence 🚀
Best regards
Chervolino
Standardized Cumulative Deltas [LuxAlgo]The Standardized Cumulative Deltas tool allows traders to compare the cumulative standardized open-close difference for up to 10 different tickers, allowing them to visualize the general sentiment for all selected tickers.
These results allow the construction of two areas showing the average or extreme bullish and bearish cumulative change for all enabled tickers, providing a summarized view of the overall ticker group sentiment.
🔶 USAGE
This tool is meant to give a full picture of the individuals and/or overall selected tickers, and unlike classical indicators, the displayed series of values is not meant to be directly interpreted over time.
Given the selected lookback period, a majority of observations being above 0 indicate an overall bullish market for the asset.
By default, the auto lookback period feature is enabled, allowing the tool to use all the visible bars for its calculations. Traders can also set the lookback period manually. The above chart uses a fixed lookback period of 500.
Up to 10 tickers can be used. While major cryptocurrencies are set by default, the users can set a specific basket of assets, such as US equities, forex pairs, commodities, etc.
🔹 Densities
The provided areas, here called densities, can be used to get an overall sentiment of the selected tickers. The upper density (bullish) processes positive deltas, while the lower one (bearish) processes negative ones.
Interpretation is subject to the selected "Density Mode".
Average: Densities track the average bullish/bearish cumulative deltas for the selected tickers. For example, a more prominent bullish density would indicate that, on average, cumulative deltas were positive across the tickers.
Envelope: Densities track the extreme values made by bullish/bearish cumulative deltas for the selected tickers. Here, a more prominent density would indicate more volatile bullish/bearish movements, depending on the density.
🔹 Dashboard
The tool features a dashboard with active tickers and their respective colors for traders' convenience.
🔶 DETAILS
🔹 Densities
Densities are obtained by applying a forward-backward exponential moving average on the average, or the highest/lowest cumulative series, depending on the selected Density Mode.
The resulting densities are smoothed by the "Smoothing" parameter located in the Settings panel, with higher values returning smoother envelopes with less variability.
Do note that the smoothing method used here is subject to repainting.
🔶 SETTINGS
Lookback: Select the lookback period and enable/disable the Auto Lookback feature
Tickers: Enable/disable and select up to 10 tickers and their colors
Density Mode: Determine how densities are calculated
🔹 Dashboard
Show Dashboard: Enable/disable the dashboard
Position: Select the dashboard position
Size: Select the dashboard size
🔹 Style
Density: Enable/disable the density areas
Bullish Density: Select the color of the top density area
Bearish Density: Select the color of the bottom density area
Smoothing: Select the smoothing constant for the EMA calculation
Liquidity Sweep Breakout - LSBLiquidity Sweep Breakout - LSB
A professional session-based breakout system designed for OANDA:USDJPY and other JPY pairs.
Not guesswork, but precision - built on detailed observation of institutional moves to capture clear trade direction daily.
Master the Market’s Daily Bank Flow.
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Strategy Detail:
I discovered this strategy after carefully studying how Japanese banks influence the forex market during their daily settlement period. Banks are some of the biggest players in the financial world, and when they adjust or settle their accounts in the morning, it often creates a push in the market. From years of observation, I noticed a consistent pattern, once banks finish their settlements, the market usually continues moving in the same direction that was formed right after those actions. This daily banking flow often sets the tone for the entire trading session, especially for JPY pairs like USDJPY.
To capture this move, I built the indicator so that it follows the bank-driven trend with clear rules for entries, stop-loss (SL), and take-profit (TP). The system is designed with professional risk management in mind. By default, it assumes a $10,000 account size, risks only 1% of that balance per trade, and targets a 1:1.5 reward-to-risk ratio. This means for every $100 risked, the potential profit is $150. Such controlled risk makes the system safer and more sustainable for long-term traders. At the same time, users are not limited to this setup, they can adjust the account balance in the settings, and the indicator will automatically recalculate the lot size and risk levels based on their own capital. This ensures the strategy works for small accounts and larger accounts alike.
🌍 Why It Works
Fundamentally driven: Based on **daily Japanese banking settlement flows**.
Session-specific precision: Targets the exact window when USDJPY liquidity reshapes.
Risk-managed: Always calculates lot size based on account and risk preferences.
Automatable: With webhook + MT5 EA, it can be fully hands-free.
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✅ Recommended
Pair: USDJPY (best observed behavior).
Timeframe: 3-Minute chart.
Platform: TradingView Premium (for webhooks).
Execution: MT5 via EA.
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🔎 Strategy Concept
The Tokyo Magic Breakout (TMB) is built on years of session observation and the unique daily rhythm of the Japanese banking system.
Every morning between 5:50 AM – 6:10 AM PKT (09:50 – 10:10 JST), Japanese banks perform daily reconciliation and settlement. This often sets the tone for the USDJPY direction of the day.
This strategy isolates that critical moment of liquidity adjustment and waits for a clean breakout confirmation. Instead of chasing noise, it executes only when price action is aligned with the Tokyo market’s hidden flows.
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🕒 Timing Logic
Session Start: 5:00 AM PKT (Tokyo market open range).
Magic Candle: The 5:54 AM PKT candle is marked as the reference “breakout selector.”
Checkpoints: First confirmation at 6:30 AM PKT, then every 15 minutes until 8:30 AM PKT.
* If price stays inside the magic range → wait.
* If a breakout happens but the candle wick touches the range → wait for the next checkpoint.
* If by 8:30 AM PKT no clean breakout occurs → the day is marked as No Trade Day (NTD).
👉 Recommended timeframe: 3-Minute chart (3M) for precise signals.
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📈 Trade Execution
Entry: Clean break above/below the magic candle’s range.
Stop-Loss: Opposite side of the Tokyo session high/low.
Take-Profit: Calculated by Reward\:Risk ratio (default 1.5:1).
Lot Size: Auto-calculated based on your risk model:
* Fixed Dollar
* % of Equity
* Conservative (minimum of both).
Visuals include:
✅ Entry/SL/TP lines
✅ Shaded risk (red) and reward (green) zones
✅ Trade labels (Buy/Sell with lot size & levels)
✅ TP/SL hit markers
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🔔 Alerts & Automation (AutoTMB)
This strategy is fully automation-ready with EA + MT5:
1. Enable alerts in TMB settings.
2. Insert your PineConnector License Key.
3. Configure your risk management preferences.
4. Create a TradingView alert → in the message box simply type:
Pine Script®
{{alert_message}}
and set the EA webhook.
Now, every breakout trade (with exact entry, SL, TP, and lot size) is sent instantly.
👉 On your MT5:
* Install the EA.
* Use the same license key.
* Run it on a VPS or local MT5 terminal.
You now have a hands-free trading system: AutoTMB.
Quarterly-Inspired EMA Swing Strategy🚀 Quarterly EMA Strategy: Simplified
This strategy uses quarterly trends and pullbacks to EMAs (Exponential Moving Averages) to buy low and sell high in strong uptrends (longs) or short weak stocks in strong downtrends.
⸻
🔧 Core Setup
• Timeframe: Quarterly (1 candle = 3 months or ~65 trading days).
• Stocks: Liquid NSE F&O stocks (e.g., Reliance, Bajaj Finance, Tata Motors, etc.).
• Indicators Used:
• 10-quarter EMA → Shorter-term trend.
• 21-quarter EMA → Long-term trend.
• 13-week EMA → Weekly confirmation.
• ATR → For stop-loss.
• VIX → Volatility control.
• Relative Strength vs Nifty → Filter strong/weak stocks.
⸻
🟢 LONG SETUP (Buy on Pullback in Uptrend)
✅ Conditions:
1. Quarterly Trend is Bullish
Price > 10Q EMA > 21Q EMA
2. Pullback Happens
Price closes within 3% of 10Q or 21Q EMA, or touches it and bounces.
• E.g., Stock close = 8200, 10Q EMA = 8000 → Pullback = Valid (2.5% gap)
3. Previous Trend is Strong
• Last 1-2 quarters were making higher highs OR closing well above 10Q EMA
4. Candle Shows Rejection
• Lower wick (buying pressure from EMA)
• Small body (<5% total candle range)
5. Market Support Filters
• Nifty > its 4-quarter EMA (sloping upward)
• India VIX < 20 (low panic)
• Stock’s last 2 quarters’ return > 1.1× Nifty’s return
6. Weekly Confirmation
• Price > 13-week EMA
• 13W EMA is rising
• Bullish pattern in last 2 candles
• Volume ≥ 75% of 20-week average
⸻
📈 Example (Bajaj Finance):
• Close: 8200,
• 10Q EMA: 8000 (bullish),
• 21Q EMA: 7800
• Weekly price > 13W EMA → Confirmation ✅
⸻
🎯 Trade Plan (Long):
• Entry: 8200 (Quarterly) or near 13W EMA (Weekly)
• Stop-Loss: 2× ATR below 21Q EMA or candle low
• Target: 2:1 reward
• Exit 1: Book 50% at target
• Exit 2: Trail 21Q EMA
• Optional Hedge: Buy Nifty PUT if VIX > 15
⸻
🔴 SHORT SETUP (Sell on Pullback in Downtrend)
✅ Conditions:
1. Quarterly Trend is Bearish
Price < 10Q EMA < 21Q EMA
2. Pullback to EMA
Price closes within 3% of 10Q or 21Q EMA, or touches and gets rejected
3. Prior Trend is Down
Last 1-2 quarters had lower lows or closing >5% below 10Q EMA
4. Bearish Candle Setup
• Upper wick (rejection from EMA)
• Small body
5. Market Support Filters
• Nifty < its 4-quarter EMA (sloping down)
• India VIX < 20
• Stock’s 2-quarter return < 0.9× Nifty’s return
6. Weekly Confirmation
• Price < 13-week EMA
• 13W EMA is falling
• Bearish candles (engulfing, lower highs)
• Volume ≥ 75% of 20-week average
⸻
📉 Example (Vodafone Idea):
• Close: ₹8
• 10Q EMA: ₹8.2 → Close is 2.5% below
• Weekly close < 13W EMA
• Bearish candle → Confirmation ✅
⸻
🔻 Trade Plan (Short):
• Entry: 8
• Stop-Loss: 2× ATR above 21Q EMA or candle high
• Target: 2:1 reward
• Exit 1: Book 50% at target
• Exit 2: Trail 21Q EMA
• Optional Hedge: Buy Nifty CALL if VIX > 15
⸻
📊 Position Sizing (Same for Long & Short):
• Risk per trade: 0.5–1% of total capital
• Example:
• Capital = ₹10 lakh
• Risk = ₹10,000
• Stop = 800 points → Buy 12 shares
⸻
✅ Exit Rules Summary
Trend Display Table (with Change Alerts)📌 Indicator: Trend Display Table (with Change Alerts)
This indicator helps identify trend direction based on a 15-minute 20 SMA compared against a 10 EMA applied to that SMA.
Trend Logic:
Bullish → 20 SMA crosses above 10 EMA (on SMA values)
Bearish → 20 SMA crosses below 10 EMA (on SMA values)
Neutral → No crossover (trend continues from previous state)
Display:
A compact trend table appears on the chart (top-right), showing the current trend with customizable colors, font size, and background.
Alerts:
Alerts are triggered only when the trend changes (from Bullish → Bearish or Bearish → Bullish).
This prevents repeated alerts on every bar.
✅ Useful for:
Confirming higher timeframe trend bias
Filtering trades in choppy markets
Getting notified instantly when the trend flips
Deviation from Mid MA5 & MA10 (%)Title:
Deviation from Mid-Price MA5 & MA10 (%)
Description:
This script calculates and displays the percentage deviation of the current mid-price from its 5-day and 10-day simple moving averages.
The mid-price is defined as the average of the open and close prices: (Open + Close) / 2
Instead of relying on traditional close-based MAs, this version uses mid-price to better reflect actual price flow by incorporating both the opening and closing values.
Main features:
Displays % deviation from both 5-day and 10-day mid-price moving averages
Better alignment with intraday reality due to gap-sensitive mid-price base
Smooths out erratic closing spikes for clearer signals
Helps identify overextended moves and potential pullback zones
Included lines:
Deviation from 5-day Mid MA
Deviation from 10-day Mid MA
Zero baseline for reference
Recommended for:
Traders seeking a cleaner measure of price deviation
Short-term pullback or re-entry strategy users
Anyone analyzing steady, low-volatility uptrends
Ray Dalio's All Weather Strategy - Portfolio CalculatorTHE ALL WEATHER STRATEGY INDICATOR: A GUIDE TO RAY DALIO'S LEGENDARY PORTFOLIO APPROACH
Introduction: The Genesis of Financial Resilience
In the sprawling corridors of Bridgewater Associates, the world's largest hedge fund managing over 150 billion dollars in assets, Ray Dalio conceived what would become one of the most influential investment strategies of the modern era. The All Weather Strategy, born from decades of market observation and rigorous backtesting, represents a paradigm shift from traditional portfolio construction methods that have dominated Wall Street since Harry Markowitz's seminal work on Modern Portfolio Theory in 1952.
Unlike conventional approaches that chase returns through market timing or stock picking, the All Weather Strategy embraces a fundamental truth that has humbled countless investors throughout history: nobody can consistently predict the future direction of markets. Instead of fighting this uncertainty, Dalio's approach harnesses it, creating a portfolio designed to perform reasonably well across all economic environments, hence the evocative name "All Weather."
The strategy emerged from Bridgewater's extensive research into economic cycles and asset class behavior, culminating in what Dalio describes as "the Holy Grail of investing" in his bestselling book "Principles" (Dalio, 2017). This Holy Grail isn't about achieving spectacular returns, but rather about achieving consistent, risk-adjusted returns that compound steadily over time, much like the tortoise defeating the hare in Aesop's timeless fable.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION
The All Weather Strategy's origins trace back to the tumultuous economic periods of the 1970s and 1980s, when traditional portfolio construction methods proved inadequate for navigating simultaneous inflation and recession. Raymond Thomas Dalio, born in 1949 in Queens, New York, founded Bridgewater Associates from his Manhattan apartment in 1975, initially focusing on currency and fixed-income consulting for corporate clients.
Dalio's early experiences during the 1970s stagflation period profoundly shaped his investment philosophy. Unlike many of his contemporaries who viewed inflation and deflation as opposing forces, Dalio recognized that both conditions could coexist with either economic growth or contraction, creating four distinct economic environments rather than the traditional two-factor models that dominated academic finance.
The conceptual breakthrough came in the late 1980s when Dalio began systematically analyzing asset class performance across different economic regimes. Working with a small team of researchers, Bridgewater developed sophisticated models that decomposed economic conditions into growth and inflation components, then mapped historical asset class returns against these regimes. This research revealed that traditional portfolio construction, heavily weighted toward stocks and bonds, left investors vulnerable to specific economic scenarios.
The formal All Weather Strategy emerged in 1996 when Bridgewater was approached by a wealthy family seeking a portfolio that could protect their wealth across various economic conditions without requiring active management or market timing. Unlike Bridgewater's flagship Pure Alpha fund, which relied on active trading and leverage, the All Weather approach needed to be completely passive and unleveraged while still providing adequate diversification.
Dalio and his team spent months developing and testing various allocation schemes, ultimately settling on the 30/40/15/7.5/7.5 framework that balances risk contributions rather than dollar amounts. This approach was revolutionary because it focused on risk budgeting—ensuring that no single asset class dominated the portfolio's risk profile—rather than the traditional approach of equal dollar allocations or market-cap weighting.
The strategy's first institutional implementation began in 1996 with a family office client, followed by gradual expansion to other wealthy families and eventually institutional investors. By 2005, Bridgewater was managing over $15 billion in All Weather assets, making it one of the largest systematic strategy implementations in institutional investing.
The 2008 financial crisis provided the ultimate test of the All Weather methodology. While the S&P 500 declined by 37% and many hedge funds suffered double-digit losses, the All Weather strategy generated positive returns, validating Dalio's risk-balancing approach. This performance during extreme market stress attracted significant institutional attention, leading to rapid asset growth in subsequent years.
The strategy's theoretical foundations evolved throughout the 2000s as Bridgewater's research team, led by co-chief investment officers Greg Jensen and Bob Prince, refined the economic framework and incorporated insights from behavioral economics and complexity theory. Their research, published in numerous institutional white papers, demonstrated that traditional portfolio optimization methods consistently underperformed simpler risk-balanced approaches across various time periods and market conditions.
Academic validation came through partnerships with leading business schools and collaboration with prominent economists. The strategy's risk parity principles influenced an entire generation of institutional investors, leading to the creation of numerous risk parity funds managing hundreds of billions in aggregate assets.
In recent years, the democratization of sophisticated financial tools has made All Weather-style investing accessible to individual investors through ETFs and systematic platforms. The availability of high-quality, low-cost ETFs covering each required asset class has eliminated many of the barriers that previously limited sophisticated portfolio construction to institutional investors.
The development of advanced portfolio management software and platforms like TradingView has further democratized access to institutional-quality analytics and implementation tools. The All Weather Strategy Indicator represents the culmination of this trend, providing individual investors with capabilities that previously required teams of portfolio managers and risk analysts.
Understanding the Four Economic Seasons
The All Weather Strategy's theoretical foundation rests on Dalio's observation that all economic environments can be characterized by two primary variables: economic growth and inflation. These variables create four distinct "economic seasons," each favoring different asset classes. Rising growth benefits stocks and commodities, while falling growth favors bonds. Rising inflation helps commodities and inflation-protected securities, while falling inflation benefits nominal bonds and stocks.
This framework, detailed extensively in Bridgewater's research papers from the 1990s, suggests that by holding assets that perform well in each economic season, an investor can create a portfolio that remains resilient regardless of which season unfolds. The elegance lies not in predicting which season will occur, but in being prepared for all of them simultaneously.
Academic research supports this multi-environment approach. Ang and Bekaert (2002) demonstrated that regime changes in economic conditions significantly impact asset returns, while Fama and French (2004) showed that different asset classes exhibit varying sensitivities to economic factors. The All Weather Strategy essentially operationalizes these academic insights into a practical investment framework.
The Original All Weather Allocation: Simplicity Masquerading as Sophistication
The core All Weather portfolio, as implemented by Bridgewater for institutional clients and later adapted for retail investors, maintains a deceptively simple static allocation: 30% stocks, 40% long-term bonds, 15% intermediate-term bonds, 7.5% commodities, and 7.5% Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). This allocation may appear arbitrary to the uninitiated, but each percentage reflects careful consideration of historical volatilities, correlations, and economic sensitivities.
The 30% stock allocation provides growth exposure while limiting the portfolio's overall volatility. Stocks historically deliver superior long-term returns but with significant volatility, as evidenced by the Standard & Poor's 500 Index's average annual return of approximately 10% since 1926, accompanied by standard deviation exceeding 15% (Ibbotson Associates, 2023). By limiting stock exposure to 30%, the portfolio captures much of the equity risk premium while avoiding excessive volatility.
The combined 55% allocation to bonds (40% long-term plus 15% intermediate-term) serves as the portfolio's stabilizing force. Long-term bonds provide substantial interest rate sensitivity, performing well during economic slowdowns when central banks reduce rates. Intermediate-term bonds offer a balance between interest rate sensitivity and reduced duration risk. This bond-heavy allocation reflects Dalio's insight that bonds typically exhibit lower volatility than stocks while providing essential diversification benefits.
The 7.5% commodities allocation addresses inflation protection, as commodity prices typically rise during inflationary periods. Historical analysis by Bodie and Rosansky (1980) demonstrated that commodities provide meaningful diversification benefits and inflation hedging capabilities, though with considerable volatility. The relatively small allocation reflects commodities' high volatility and mixed long-term returns.
Finally, the 7.5% TIPS allocation provides explicit inflation protection through government-backed securities whose principal and interest payments adjust with inflation. Introduced by the U.S. Treasury in 1997, TIPS have proven effective inflation hedges, though they underperform nominal bonds during deflationary periods (Campbell & Viceira, 2001).
Historical Performance: The Evidence Speaks
Analyzing the All Weather Strategy's historical performance reveals both its strengths and limitations. Using monthly return data from 1970 to 2023, spanning over five decades of varying economic conditions, the strategy has delivered compelling risk-adjusted returns while experiencing lower volatility than traditional stock-heavy portfolios.
During this period, the All Weather allocation generated an average annual return of approximately 8.2%, compared to 10.5% for the S&P 500 Index. However, the strategy's annual volatility measured just 9.1%, substantially lower than the S&P 500's 15.8% volatility. This translated to a Sharpe ratio of 0.67 for the All Weather Strategy versus 0.54 for the S&P 500, indicating superior risk-adjusted performance.
More impressively, the strategy's maximum drawdown over this period was 12.3%, occurring during the 2008 financial crisis, compared to the S&P 500's maximum drawdown of 50.9% during the same period. This drawdown mitigation proves crucial for long-term wealth building, as Stein and DeMuth (2003) demonstrated that avoiding large losses significantly impacts compound returns over time.
The strategy performed particularly well during periods of economic stress. During the 1970s stagflation, when stocks and bonds both struggled, the All Weather portfolio's commodity and TIPS allocations provided essential protection. Similarly, during the 2000-2002 dot-com crash and the 2008 financial crisis, the portfolio's bond-heavy allocation cushioned losses while maintaining positive returns in several years when stocks declined significantly.
However, the strategy underperformed during sustained bull markets, particularly the 1990s technology boom and the 2010s post-financial crisis recovery. This underperformance reflects the strategy's conservative nature and diversified approach, which sacrifices potential upside for downside protection. As Dalio frequently emphasizes, the All Weather Strategy prioritizes "not losing money" over "making a lot of money."
Implementing the All Weather Strategy: A Practical Guide
The All Weather Strategy Indicator transforms Dalio's institutional-grade approach into an accessible tool for individual investors. The indicator provides real-time portfolio tracking, rebalancing signals, and performance analytics, eliminating much of the complexity traditionally associated with implementing sophisticated allocation strategies.
To begin implementation, investors must first determine their investable capital. As detailed analysis reveals, the All Weather Strategy requires meaningful capital to implement effectively due to transaction costs, minimum investment requirements, and the need for precise allocations across five different asset classes.
For portfolios below $50,000, the strategy becomes challenging to implement efficiently. Transaction costs consume a disproportionate share of returns, while the inability to purchase fractional shares creates allocation drift. Consider an investor with $25,000 attempting to allocate 7.5% to commodities through the iPath Bloomberg Commodity Index ETF (DJP), currently trading around $25 per share. This allocation targets $1,875, enough for only 75 shares, creating immediate tracking error.
At $50,000, implementation becomes feasible but not optimal. The 30% stock allocation ($15,000) purchases approximately 37 shares of the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY) at current prices around $400 per share. The 40% long-term bond allocation ($20,000) buys 200 shares of the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (TLT) at approximately $100 per share. While workable, these allocations leave significant cash drag and rebalancing challenges.
The optimal minimum for individual implementation appears to be $100,000. At this level, each allocation becomes substantial enough for precise implementation while keeping transaction costs below 0.4% annually. The $30,000 stock allocation, $40,000 long-term bond allocation, $15,000 intermediate-term bond allocation, $7,500 commodity allocation, and $7,500 TIPS allocation each provide sufficient size for effective management.
For investors with $250,000 or more, the strategy implementation approaches institutional quality. Allocation precision improves, transaction costs decline as a percentage of assets, and rebalancing becomes highly efficient. These larger portfolios can also consider adding complexity through international diversification or alternative implementations.
The indicator recommends quarterly rebalancing to balance transaction costs with allocation discipline. Monthly rebalancing increases costs without substantial benefits for most investors, while annual rebalancing allows excessive drift that can meaningfully impact performance. Quarterly rebalancing, typically on the first trading day of each quarter, provides an optimal balance.
Understanding the Indicator's Functionality
The All Weather Strategy Indicator operates as a comprehensive portfolio management system, providing multiple analytical layers that professional money managers typically reserve for institutional clients. This sophisticated tool transforms Ray Dalio's institutional-grade strategy into an accessible platform for individual investors, offering features that rival professional portfolio management software.
The indicator's core architecture consists of several interconnected modules that work seamlessly together to provide complete portfolio oversight. At its foundation lies a real-time portfolio simulation engine that tracks the exact value of each ETF position based on current market prices, eliminating the need for manual calculations or external spreadsheets.
DETAILED INDICATOR COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS
Portfolio Configuration Module
The portfolio setup begins with the Portfolio Configuration section, which establishes the fundamental parameters for strategy implementation. The Portfolio Capital input accepts values from $1,000 to $10,000,000, accommodating everyone from beginning investors to institutional clients. This input directly drives all subsequent calculations, determining exact share quantities and portfolio values throughout the implementation period.
The Portfolio Start Date function allows users to specify when they began implementing the All Weather Strategy, creating a clear demarcation point for performance tracking. This feature proves essential for investors who want to track their actual implementation against theoretical performance, providing realistic assessment of strategy effectiveness including timing differences and implementation costs.
Rebalancing Frequency settings offer two options: Monthly and Quarterly. While monthly rebalancing provides more precise allocation control, quarterly rebalancing typically proves more cost-effective for most investors due to reduced transaction costs. The indicator automatically detects the first trading day of each period, ensuring rebalancing occurs at optimal times regardless of weekends, holidays, or market closures.
The Rebalancing Threshold parameter, adjustable from 0.5% to 10%, determines when allocation drift triggers rebalancing recommendations. Conservative settings like 1-2% maintain tight allocation control but increase trading frequency, while wider thresholds like 3-5% reduce trading costs but allow greater allocation drift. This flexibility accommodates different risk tolerances and cost structures.
Visual Display System
The Show All Weather Calculator toggle controls the main dashboard visibility, allowing users to focus on chart visualization when detailed metrics aren't needed. When enabled, this comprehensive dashboard displays current portfolio value, individual ETF allocations, target versus actual weights, rebalancing status, and performance metrics in a professionally formatted table.
Economic Environment Display provides context about current market conditions based on growth and inflation indicators. While simplified compared to Bridgewater's sophisticated regime detection, this feature helps users understand which economic "season" currently prevails and which asset classes should theoretically benefit.
Rebalancing Signals illuminate when portfolio drift exceeds user-defined thresholds, highlighting specific ETFs that require adjustment. These signals use color coding to indicate urgency: green for balanced allocations, yellow for moderate drift, and red for significant deviations requiring immediate attention.
Advanced Label System
The rebalancing label system represents one of the indicator's most innovative features, providing three distinct detail levels to accommodate different user needs and experience levels. The "None" setting displays simple symbols marking portfolio start and rebalancing events without cluttering the chart with text. This minimal approach suits experienced investors who understand the implications of each symbol.
"Basic" label mode shows essential information including portfolio values at each rebalancing point, enabling quick assessment of strategy performance over time. These labels display "START $X" for portfolio initiation and "RBL $Y" for rebalancing events, providing clear performance tracking without overwhelming detail.
"Detailed" labels provide comprehensive trading instructions including exact buy and sell quantities for each ETF. These labels might display "RBL $125,000 BUY 15 SPY SELL 25 TLT BUY 8 IEF NO TRADES DJP SELL 12 SCHP" providing complete implementation guidance. This feature essentially transforms the indicator into a personal portfolio manager, eliminating guesswork about exact trades required.
Professional Color Themes
Eight professionally designed color themes adapt the indicator's appearance to different aesthetic preferences and market analysis styles. The "Gold" theme reflects traditional wealth management aesthetics, while "EdgeTools" provides modern professional appearance. "Behavioral" uses psychologically informed colors that reinforce disciplined decision-making, while "Quant" employs high-contrast combinations favored by quantitative analysts.
"Ocean," "Fire," "Matrix," and "Arctic" themes provide distinctive visual identities for traders who prefer unique chart aesthetics. Each theme automatically adjusts for dark or light mode optimization, ensuring optimal readability across different TradingView configurations.
Real-Time Portfolio Tracking
The portfolio simulation engine continuously tracks five separate ETF positions: SPY for stocks, TLT for long-term bonds, IEF for intermediate-term bonds, DJP for commodities, and SCHP for TIPS. Each position's value updates in real-time based on current market prices, providing instant feedback about portfolio performance and allocation drift.
Current share calculations determine exact holdings based on the most recent rebalancing, while target shares reflect optimal allocation based on current portfolio value. Trade calculations show precisely how many shares to buy or sell during rebalancing, eliminating manual calculations and potential errors.
Performance Analytics Suite
The indicator's performance measurement capabilities rival professional portfolio analysis software. Sharpe ratio calculations incorporate current risk-free rates obtained from Treasury yield data, providing accurate risk-adjusted performance assessment. Volatility measurements use rolling periods to capture changing market conditions while maintaining statistical significance.
Portfolio return calculations track both absolute and relative performance, comparing the All Weather implementation against individual asset classes and benchmark indices. These metrics update continuously, providing real-time assessment of strategy effectiveness and implementation quality.
Data Quality Monitoring
Sophisticated data quality checks ensure reliable indicator operation across different market conditions and potential data interruptions. The system monitors all five ETF price feeds plus economic data sources, providing quality scores that alert users to potential data issues that might affect calculations.
When data quality degrades, the indicator automatically switches to fallback values or alternative data sources, maintaining functionality during temporary market data interruptions. This robust design ensures consistent operation even during volatile market conditions when data feeds occasionally experience disruptions.
Risk Management and Behavioral Considerations
Despite its sophisticated design, the All Weather Strategy faces behavioral challenges that have derailed countless well-intentioned investment plans. The strategy's conservative nature means it will underperform growth stocks during bull markets, potentially by substantial margins. Maintaining discipline during these periods requires understanding that the strategy optimizes for risk-adjusted returns over absolute returns.
Behavioral finance research by Kahneman and Tversky (1979) demonstrates that investors feel losses approximately twice as intensely as equivalent gains. This loss aversion creates powerful psychological pressure to abandon defensive strategies during bull markets when aggressive portfolios appear more attractive. The All Weather Strategy's bond-heavy allocation will seem overly conservative when technology stocks double in value, as occurred repeatedly during the 2010s.
Conversely, the strategy's defensive characteristics provide psychological comfort during market stress. When stocks crash 30-50%, as they periodically do, the All Weather portfolio's modest losses feel manageable rather than catastrophic. This emotional stability enables investors to maintain their investment discipline when others capitulate, often at the worst possible times.
Rebalancing discipline presents another behavioral challenge. Selling winners to buy losers contradicts natural human tendencies but remains essential for the strategy's success. When stocks have outperformed bonds for several quarters, rebalancing requires selling high-performing stock positions to purchase seemingly stagnant bond positions. This action feels counterintuitive but captures the strategy's systematic approach to risk management.
Tax considerations add complexity for taxable accounts. Frequent rebalancing generates taxable events that can erode after-tax returns, particularly for high-income investors facing elevated capital gains rates. Tax-advantaged accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs provide ideal vehicles for All Weather implementation, eliminating tax friction from rebalancing activities.
Capital Requirements and Cost Analysis
Comprehensive cost analysis reveals the capital requirements for effective All Weather implementation. Annual expenses include management fees for each ETF, transaction costs from rebalancing, and bid-ask spreads from trading less liquid securities.
ETF expense ratios vary significantly across asset classes. The SPDR S&P 500 ETF charges 0.09% annually, while the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF charges 0.20%. The iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF charges 0.15%, the Schwab US TIPS ETF charges 0.05%, and the iPath Bloomberg Commodity Index ETF charges 0.75%. Weighted by the All Weather allocations, total expense ratios average approximately 0.19% annually.
Transaction costs depend heavily on broker selection and account size. Premium brokers like Interactive Brokers charge $1-2 per trade, resulting in $20-40 annually for quarterly rebalancing. Discount brokers may charge higher per-trade fees but offer commission-free ETF trading for selected funds. Zero-commission brokers eliminate explicit trading costs but often impose wider bid-ask spreads that function as hidden fees.
Bid-ask spreads represent the difference between buying and selling prices for each security. Highly liquid ETFs like SPY maintain spreads of 1-2 basis points, while less liquid commodity ETFs may exhibit spreads of 5-10 basis points. These costs accumulate through rebalancing activities, typically totaling 10-15 basis points annually.
For a $100,000 portfolio, total annual costs including expense ratios, transaction fees, and spreads typically range from 0.35% to 0.45%, or $350-450 annually. These costs decline as a percentage of assets as portfolio size increases, reaching approximately 0.25% for portfolios exceeding $250,000.
Comparing costs to potential benefits reveals the strategy's value proposition. Historical analysis suggests the All Weather approach reduces portfolio volatility by 35-40% compared to stock-heavy allocations while maintaining competitive returns. This volatility reduction provides substantial value during market stress, potentially preventing behavioral mistakes that destroy long-term wealth.
Alternative Implementations and Customizations
While the original All Weather allocation provides an excellent starting point, investors may consider modifications based on personal circumstances, market conditions, or geographic considerations. International diversification represents one potential enhancement, adding exposure to developed and emerging market bonds and equities.
Geographic customization becomes important for non-US investors. European investors might replace US Treasury bonds with German Bunds or broader European government bond indices. Currency hedging decisions add complexity but may reduce volatility for investors whose spending occurs in non-dollar currencies.
Tax-location strategies optimize after-tax returns by placing tax-inefficient assets in tax-advantaged accounts while holding tax-efficient assets in taxable accounts. TIPS and commodity ETFs generate ordinary income taxed at higher rates, making them candidates for retirement account placement. Stock ETFs generate qualified dividends and long-term capital gains taxed at lower rates, making them suitable for taxable accounts.
Some investors prefer implementing the bond allocation through individual Treasury securities rather than ETFs, eliminating management fees while gaining precise maturity control. Treasury auctions provide access to new securities without bid-ask spreads, though this approach requires more sophisticated portfolio management.
Factor-based implementations replace broad market ETFs with factor-tilted alternatives. Value-tilted stock ETFs, quality-focused bond ETFs, or momentum-based commodity indices may enhance returns while maintaining the All Weather framework's diversification benefits. However, these modifications introduce additional complexity and potential tracking error.
Conclusion: Embracing the Long Game
The All Weather Strategy represents more than an investment approach; it embodies a philosophy of financial resilience that prioritizes sustainable wealth building over speculative gains. In an investment landscape increasingly dominated by algorithmic trading, meme stocks, and cryptocurrency volatility, Dalio's methodical approach offers a refreshing alternative grounded in economic theory and historical evidence.
The strategy's greatest strength lies not in its potential for extraordinary returns, but in its capacity to deliver reasonable returns across diverse economic environments while protecting capital during market stress. This characteristic becomes increasingly valuable as investors approach or enter retirement, when portfolio preservation assumes greater importance than aggressive growth.
Implementation requires discipline, adequate capital, and realistic expectations. The strategy will underperform growth-oriented approaches during bull markets while providing superior downside protection during bear markets. Investors must embrace this trade-off consciously, understanding that the strategy optimizes for long-term wealth building rather than short-term performance.
The All Weather Strategy Indicator democratizes access to institutional-quality portfolio management, providing individual investors with tools previously available only to wealthy families and institutions. By automating allocation tracking, rebalancing signals, and performance analysis, the indicator removes much of the complexity that has historically limited sophisticated strategy implementation.
For investors seeking a systematic, evidence-based approach to long-term wealth building, the All Weather Strategy provides a compelling framework. Its emphasis on diversification, risk management, and behavioral discipline aligns with the fundamental principles that have created lasting wealth throughout financial history. While the strategy may not generate headlines or inspire cocktail party conversations, it offers something more valuable: a reliable path toward financial security across all economic seasons.
As Dalio himself notes, "The biggest mistake investors make is to believe that what happened in the recent past is likely to persist, and they design their portfolios accordingly." The All Weather Strategy's enduring appeal lies in its rejection of this recency bias, instead embracing the uncertainty of markets while positioning for success regardless of which economic season unfolds.
STEP-BY-STEP INDICATOR SETUP GUIDE
Setting up the All Weather Strategy Indicator requires careful attention to each configuration parameter to ensure optimal implementation. This comprehensive setup guide walks through every setting and explains its impact on strategy performance.
Initial Setup Process
Begin by adding the indicator to your TradingView chart. Search for "Ray Dalio's All Weather Strategy" in the indicator library and apply it to any chart. The indicator operates independently of the underlying chart symbol, drawing data directly from the five required ETFs regardless of which security appears on the chart.
Portfolio Configuration Settings
Start with the Portfolio Capital input, which drives all subsequent calculations. Enter your exact investable capital, ranging from $1,000 to $10,000,000. This input determines share quantities, trade recommendations, and performance calculations. Conservative recommendations suggest minimum capitals of $50,000 for basic implementation or $100,000 for optimal precision.
Select your Portfolio Start Date carefully, as this establishes the baseline for all performance calculations. Choose the date when you actually began implementing the All Weather Strategy, not when you first learned about it. This date should reflect when you first purchased ETFs according to the target allocation, creating realistic performance tracking.
Choose your Rebalancing Frequency based on your cost structure and precision preferences. Monthly rebalancing provides tighter allocation control but increases transaction costs. Quarterly rebalancing offers the optimal balance for most investors between allocation precision and cost control. The indicator automatically detects appropriate trading days regardless of your selection.
Set the Rebalancing Threshold based on your tolerance for allocation drift and transaction costs. Conservative investors preferring tight control should use 1-2% thresholds, while cost-conscious investors may prefer 3-5% thresholds. Lower thresholds maintain more precise allocations but trigger more frequent trading.
Display Configuration Options
Enable Show All Weather Calculator to display the comprehensive dashboard containing portfolio values, allocations, and performance metrics. This dashboard provides essential information for portfolio management and should remain enabled for most users.
Show Economic Environment displays current economic regime classification based on growth and inflation indicators. While simplified compared to Bridgewater's sophisticated models, this feature provides useful context for understanding current market conditions.
Show Rebalancing Signals highlights when portfolio allocations drift beyond your threshold settings. These signals use color coding to indicate urgency levels, helping prioritize rebalancing activities.
Advanced Label Customization
Configure Show Rebalancing Labels based on your need for chart annotations. These labels mark important portfolio events and can provide valuable historical context, though they may clutter charts during extended time periods.
Select appropriate Label Detail Levels based on your experience and information needs. "None" provides minimal symbols suitable for experienced users. "Basic" shows portfolio values at key events. "Detailed" provides complete trading instructions including exact share quantities for each ETF.
Appearance Customization
Choose Color Themes based on your aesthetic preferences and trading style. "Gold" reflects traditional wealth management appearance, while "EdgeTools" provides modern professional styling. "Behavioral" uses psychologically informed colors that reinforce disciplined decision-making.
Enable Dark Mode Optimization if using TradingView's dark theme for optimal readability and contrast. This setting automatically adjusts all colors and transparency levels for the selected theme.
Set Main Line Width based on your chart resolution and visual preferences. Higher width values provide clearer allocation lines but may overwhelm smaller charts. Most users prefer width settings of 2-3 for optimal visibility.
Troubleshooting Common Setup Issues
If the indicator displays "Data not available" messages, verify that all five ETFs (SPY, TLT, IEF, DJP, SCHP) have valid price data on your selected timeframe. The indicator requires daily data availability for all components.
When rebalancing signals seem inconsistent, check your threshold settings and ensure sufficient time has passed since the last rebalancing event. The indicator only triggers signals on designated rebalancing days (first trading day of each period) when drift exceeds threshold levels.
If labels appear at unexpected chart locations, verify that your chart displays percentage values rather than price values. The indicator forces percentage formatting and 0-40% scaling for optimal allocation visualization.
COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING
PRIMARY SOURCES AND RAY DALIO WORKS
Dalio, R. (2017). Principles: Life and work. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Dalio, R. (2018). A template for understanding big debt crises. Bridgewater Associates.
Dalio, R. (2021). Principles for dealing with the changing world order: Why nations succeed and fail. New York: Simon & Schuster.
BRIDGEWATER ASSOCIATES RESEARCH PAPERS
Jensen, G., Kertesz, A. & Prince, B. (2010). All Weather strategy: Bridgewater's approach to portfolio construction. Bridgewater Associates Research.
Prince, B. (2011). An in-depth look at the investment logic behind the All Weather strategy. Bridgewater Associates Daily Observations.
Bridgewater Associates. (2015). Risk parity in the context of larger portfolio construction. Institutional Research.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH ON RISK PARITY AND PORTFOLIO CONSTRUCTION
Ang, A. & Bekaert, G. (2002). International asset allocation with regime shifts. The Review of Financial Studies, 15(4), 1137-1187.
Bodie, Z. & Rosansky, V. I. (1980). Risk and return in commodity futures. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(3), 27-39.
Campbell, J. Y. & Viceira, L. M. (2001). Who should buy long-term bonds? American Economic Review, 91(1), 99-127.
Clarke, R., De Silva, H. & Thorley, S. (2013). Risk parity, maximum diversification, and minimum variance: An analytic perspective. Journal of Portfolio Management, 39(3), 39-53.
Fama, E. F. & French, K. R. (2004). The capital asset pricing model: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3), 25-46.
BEHAVIORAL FINANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292.
Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Montier, J. (2007). Behavioural investing: A practitioner's guide to applying behavioural finance. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
MODERN PORTFOLIO THEORY AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS
Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91.
Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442.
Black, F. & Litterman, R. (1992). Global portfolio optimization. Financial Analysts Journal, 48(5), 28-43.
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION AND ETF ANALYSIS
Gastineau, G. L. (2010). The exchange-traded funds manual. 2nd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Poterba, J. M. & Shoven, J. B. (2002). Exchange-traded funds: A new investment option for taxable investors. American Economic Review, 92(2), 422-427.
Israelsen, C. L. (2005). A refinement to the Sharpe ratio and information ratio. Journal of Asset Management, 5(6), 423-427.
ECONOMIC CYCLE ANALYSIS AND ASSET CLASS RESEARCH
Ilmanen, A. (2011). Expected returns: An investor's guide to harvesting market rewards. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Swensen, D. F. (2009). Pioneering portfolio management: An unconventional approach to institutional investment. Rev. ed. New York: Free Press.
Siegel, J. J. (2014). Stocks for the long run: The definitive guide to financial market returns & long-term investment strategies. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
RISK MANAGEMENT AND ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES
Taleb, N. N. (2007). The black swan: The impact of the highly improbable. New York: Random House.
Lowenstein, R. (2000). When genius failed: The rise and fall of Long-Term Capital Management. New York: Random House.
Stein, D. M. & DeMuth, P. (2003). Systematic withdrawal from retirement portfolios: The impact of asset allocation decisions on portfolio longevity. AAII Journal, 25(7), 8-12.
CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Asness, C. S., Frazzini, A. & Pedersen, L. H. (2012). Leverage aversion and risk parity. Financial Analysts Journal, 68(1), 47-59.
Roncalli, T. (2013). Introduction to risk parity and budgeting. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Ibbotson Associates. (2023). Stocks, bonds, bills, and inflation 2023 yearbook. Chicago: Morningstar.
PERIODICALS AND ONGOING RESEARCH
Journal of Portfolio Management - Quarterly publication featuring cutting-edge research on portfolio construction and risk management
Financial Analysts Journal - Bi-monthly publication of the CFA Institute with practical investment research
Bridgewater Associates Daily Observations - Regular market commentary and research from the creators of the All Weather Strategy
RECOMMENDED READING SEQUENCE
For investors new to the All Weather Strategy, begin with Dalio's "Principles" for philosophical foundation, then proceed to the Bridgewater research papers for technical details. Supplement with Markowitz's original portfolio theory work and behavioral finance literature from Kahneman and Tversky.
Intermediate students should focus on academic papers by Ang & Bekaert on regime shifts, Clarke et al. on risk parity methods, and Ilmanen's comprehensive analysis of expected returns across asset classes.
Advanced practitioners will benefit from Roncalli's technical treatment of risk parity mathematics, Asness et al.'s academic critique of leverage aversion, and ongoing research in the Journal of Portfolio Management.
EMA Distance %# EMA Distance % - Daily Timeframe Analysis
## Overview
This indicator provides real-time analysis of price distance from key Exponential Moving Averages (EMA 10 and EMA 21) on the daily timeframe, regardless of your current chart timeframe. It displays both percentage and volatility-adjusted (ATR) distances in a clean, customizable table format.
## Key Features
- **Daily Timeframe Focus**: Always references daily EMA 10 and EMA 21 values, providing consistent analysis across all chart timeframes
- **Dual Distance Metrics**: Shows both percentage distance and ATR-normalized distance for comprehensive analysis
- **Customizable Table Position**: Position the data table anywhere on your chart (9 different locations available)
- **Color-Coded Results**: Green indicates price above EMA, red indicates price below EMA
- **Volatility Adjustment**: ATR distance provides context relative to the asset's typical price movements
## What It Shows
The indicator displays a table with the following information:
- **EMA Value**: Current daily EMA 10 and EMA 21 values
- **Distance %**: Percentage distance from each EMA (positive = above, negative = below)
- **ATR Distance**: How many Average True Range units the price is from each EMA
## Use Cases
- **Mean Reversion Trading**: Identify when price has moved significantly away from key EMAs
- **Trend Strength Analysis**: Gauge the strength of current trends relative to moving averages
- **Entry/Exit Timing**: Use ATR distances to identify potential reversal zones (typically 2-3+ ATR)
- **Multi-Timeframe Analysis**: View daily EMA relationships while analyzing shorter timeframes
- **Risk Management**: Understand volatility-adjusted distance for better position sizing
## Settings
- **Table Position**: Choose from 9 different table positions on your chart
- **ATR Period**: Customize the ATR calculation period (default: 14)
## Interpretation
- **Small distances (< 1% or < 1 ATR)**: Price near EMA support/resistance
- **Medium distances (1-3% or 1-2 ATR)**: Normal trending movement
- **Large distances (> 3% or > 2-3 ATR)**: Potential overextension, watch for mean reversion
Perfect for swing traders, position traders, and anyone using EMA-based strategies who wants quick access to daily timeframe EMA relationships without switching chart timeframes.
