Klinger Volume Oscillator (KVO) The Klinger Oscillator (KO) was developed by Stephen J. Klinger. Learning
from prior research on volume by such well-known technicians as Joseph Granville,
Larry Williams, and Marc Chaikin, Mr. Klinger set out to develop a volume-based
indicator to help in both short- and long-term analysis.
The KO was developed with two seemingly opposite goals in mind: to be sensitive
enough to signal short-term tops and bottoms, yet accurate enough to reflect the
long-term flow of money into and out of a security.
The KO is based on the following tenets:
Price range (i.e. High - Low) is a measure of movement and volume is the force behind
the movement. The sum of High + Low + Close defines a trend. Accumulation occurs when
today's sum is greater than the previous day's. Conversely, distribution occurs when
today's sum is less than the previous day's. When the sums are equal, the existing trend
is maintained.
Volume produces continuous intra-day changes in price reflecting buying and selling pressure.
The KO quantifies the difference between the number of shares being accumulated and distributed
each day as "volume force". A strong, rising volume force should accompany an uptrend and then
gradually contract over time during the latter stages of the uptrend and the early stages of
the following downtrend. This should be followed by a rising volume force reflecting some
accumulation before a bottom develops.
X-volume
FVE Volatility color-coded Volume bar The FVE is a pure volume indicator. Unlike most of the other indicators
(except OBV), price change doesn?t come into the equation for the FVE
(price is not multiplied by volume), but is only used to determine whether
money is flowing in or out of the stock. This is contrary to the current trend
in the design of modern money flow indicators. The author decided against a
price-volume indicator for the following reasons:
- A pure volume indicator has more power to contradict.
- The number of buyers or sellers (which is assessed by volume) will be the same,
regardless of the price fluctuation.
- Price-volume indicators tend to spike excessively at breakouts or breakdowns.
This study is an addition to FVE indicator. Indicator plots different-coloured volume
bars depending on volatility.
Indicator: Relative Volume Indicator & Freedom Of MovementRelative Volume Indicator
------------------------------
RVI is a support-resistance technical indicator developed by Melvin E. Dickover. Unlike many conventional support and resistance indicators, the Relative Volume Indicator takes into account price-volume behavior in order to detect the supply and demand pools. These pools are marked by "Defended Price Lines" (DPLs), also introduced by the author.
RVI is usually plotted as a histogram; its bars are highlighted (black, by default) when the volume is unusually large. According to the author, this happens if the indicator value exceeds 2.0, thus signifying that a possible DPL is present.
DPLs are horizontal lines that run across the chart at levels defined by following conditions:
* Overlapping bars: If the indicator spike (i.e., indicator is above 2.0 or a custom value)
corresponds to a price bar overlapping the previous one, the previous close can be used as the
DPL value.
* Very large bars: If the indicator spike corresponds to a price bar of a large size, use its
close price as the DPL value.
* Gapping bars: If the indicator spike corresponds to a price bar gapping from the previous bar,
the DPL value will depend on the gap size. Small gaps can be ignored: the author suggests using
the previous close as the DPL value. When the gap is big, the close of the latter bar is used
instead.
* Clustering spikes: If the indicator spikes come in clusters, use the extreme close or open
price of the bar corresponding to the last or next to last spike in cluster.
DPLs can be used as support and resistance levels. In order confirm and refine them, RVI is used along with the FreedomOfMovement indicator discussed next.
Freedom of Movement Indicator
------------------------------
FOM is a support-resistance technical indicator, also by Melvin E. Dickover. FOM is the ratio of relative effect (relative price change) to the relative effort (normalized volume), expressed in standard deviations. This value is plotted as a histogram; its bars are highlighted (black, by default( when this ratio is unusually high. These highlighted bars, or "spikes", define the positioning of the DPLs.
Suggestions for placing DPLs are the same as for the Relative Volume Indicator discussed above.
Note that clustering spikes provide the strongest DPLs while isolated spikes can be used to confirm and refine those provided by the Relative Volume Indicator. Coincidence of spikes of the two indicator can be considered a sign of greater strength of the DPL.
More info:
S&C magazine, April 2014.
I am still trying these on various instruments to understand the workings more. Don't forget to share what you learn -- any use cases / ideal scenarios / gotchas, would love to hear them all.
Finite Volume Elements (FVE) The FVE is a pure volume indicator. Unlike most of the other indicators
(except OBV), price change doesn`t come into the equation for the FVE (price
is not multiplied by volume), but is only used to determine whether money is
flowing in or out of the stock. This is contrary to the current trend in the
design of modern money flow indicators. The author decided against a price-volume
indicator for the following reasons:
- A pure volume indicator has more power to contradict.
- The number of buyers or sellers (which is assessed by volume) will be the same,
regardless of the price fluctuation.
- Price-volume indicators tend to spike excessively at breakouts or breakdowns.
Indicators: Volume-Weighted MACD Histogram & Sentiment Zone OscVolume-Weighted MACD Histogram
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Volume-Weighted MACD Histogram, first discussed by Buff Dormeier, is a modified version of MACD study. It calculates volume-averaged Close price for finding the histogram.
More info:
www.moneyshow.com
Sentiment Zone Oscillator
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sentiment Zone Oscillator, developed by Walid Khalil, is a complementing oscillator to VZO and PZO.
To quote Walid:
>> The sentiment zone oscillator (SZO) is a leading contrary oscillator that measures the extreme emotions of a single market or share.
>> It measures and defines both extremes, bullishness (overoptimism) and bearishness (overpessimism), that could lead to a change
>> in sentiment, eventually changing the trend of the time frame under study. The SZO was devised on the belief that after several waves
>> of rising prices, investors begin to get bullish on the stock with increasing confidence since the price has been rising for some time.
>> The SZO measures that bullishness/bearishness and marks overbought/oversold levels.
SZO has its own oversold/overbought bands. Also, when SZO goes above 7, it indicates extreme optimism. When the SZO goes below -7, it indicates extreme pessimism.
More info: www.traders.com
How to import / use custom indicators from this chart?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PDF: drive.google.com
Indicators: Volume Zone Indicator & Price Zone IndicatorVolume Zone Indicator (VZO) and Price Zone Indicator (PZO) are by Waleed Aly Khalil.
Volume Zone Indicator (VZO)
------------------------------------------------------------
VZO is a leading volume oscillator that evaluates volume in relation to the direction of the net price change on each bar.
A value of 40 or above shows bullish accumulation. Low values (< 40) are bearish. Near zero or between +/- 20, the market is either in consolidation or near a break out. When VZO is near +/- 60, an end to the bull/bear run should be expected soon. If that run has been opposite to the long term price trend direction, then a reversal often will occur.
Traditional way of looking at this also works:
* +/- 40 levels are overbought / oversold
* +/- 60 levels are extreme overbought / oversold
More info:
drive.google.com
Price Zone Indicator (PZO)
------------------------------------------------------------
PZO is interpreted the same way as VZO (same formula with "close" substituted for "volume").
Chart Markings
------------------------------------------------------------
In the chart above,
* The red circles indicate a run-end (or reversal) zones (VZO +/- 60).
* Blue rectangle shows the consolidation zone (VZO betwen +/- 20)
I have been trying out VZO only for a week now, but I think this has lot of potential. Give it a try, let me know what you think.
Indicators: Better Volume Indicator & InstrumentVolumeBetter Volume Indicator
-----------------------------------------
This is a direct port of a famous indicator from Tradestation platform.
BVI improves on your typical volume histogram by coloring the bars based on 5 criteria:
* Volume Climax Up – high volume, high range, up bars (red)
* Volume Climax Down – high volume, high range, down bars (white)
* High Volume Churn – high volume, low range bars (green, barcolor= blue)
* Low Volume – low volume bars (yellow)
* Volume Climax plus High Volume Churn – both the above conditions (magenta)
When there are no volume signals the default histogram bar coloring is cyan.
Bars can also be colored to match volume color. Enable "Change BarColors?" in the options page.
Volume Climax Up bars are typically seen at:
* The start of up trends
* The end of up trends, and
* Pullbacks during down trends.
Volume Climax Down bars are typically seen at:
* The start of down trends
* The end of down trends, and
* Pullbacks during up trends.
High Volume Churn bars are typically seen at:
* The end of up trends
* The end of down trends, and
* Profit taking mid-trend.
Low Volume bars are typically seen at:
* The end of up trends
* The end of down trends, and
* Pullbacks mid-trend.
More info:
emini-watch.com
Instrument Volume
-----------------------------------------
This is a simple script that allows you to plot volume for any instrument.
Very handy when you want to compare volumes. Just add multiple instances and select the symbol you want via Options page.
This script also gets close/open for the selected symbol. If you are itching to get started on Pinescripting (scripting language used at TV), I suggest trying out the following, using this script as the template:
- Show RSI for any instrument
(hint: "close" for the selected symbol is already in script. Do a "plot(rsi(c, 14))")
- MACD / CCI / ....
- Plot the difference (not correlation). This may be of interest in some instruments.
For ex. BTC in BTCE exchange mostly lags BITSTAMP.
Hope this piques your interest in Pine. Feel free to post in the Pinescript room if you have any queries.
Indicator: Volume Price Confirmation Indicator (VPCI)Developed by Buff Dormeier, VPCI won 2007 Charles H Dow award by the MTA. VPCI plots the relationship between price trend and the volume, as either being in a state of confirmation or contradiction.
Excerpt from article below:
"Fundamentally, the VPCI reveals the proportional imbalances between price trends and volume-adjusted price
trends. An uptrend with increasing volume is a market characterized by greed supported by the fuel needed to
grow. An uptrend without volume is complacent and reveals greed deprived of the fuel needed to sustain itself.
Investors without the influx of other investors (volume) will eventually lose interest and the uptrend should
eventually breakdown.
A falling price trend reveals a market driven by fear. A falling price trend without volume reveals apathy, fear
without increasing energy. Unlike greed, fear is self-sustaining, and may endure for long time periods without
increasing fuel or energy. Adding energy to fear can be likened to adding fuel to a fire and is generally bearish
until the VPCI reverses. In such cases, weak-minded investor's, overcome by fear, are becoming irrationally
fearful until the selling climax reaches a state of maximum homogeneity. At this point, ownership held by weak
investor’s has been purged, producing a type of heat death capitulation. These occurrences may be visualized by
the VPCI falling below the lower standard deviation of a Bollinger Band of the VPCI, and then rising above the
lower band, and forming a 'V' bottom. "
Full article: www.mta.org
Nearly all parameters are configurable and exposed via "Options" page (enable/disable BB, enable/disable breach-markings, enable/disable MA, ...).Also check the source for enabling "histogram" (difference between VPCI and MA of VPCI).
Do note that the shortTerm/longTerm lengths need tuning for your instrument. The default 5/20 is not optimal, in my quick check.
Indicator: Market Facilitation Index [MFIndex]
***** NOTE: You may see all GREEN circles (it is due to a recent TV update). To work around this issue, change the "Circles" to "Cross" via Format -> Style *****
Market Facilitation Index, by Bill Williams, plots the effectiveness of price movement by computing the price movement per volume unit.
4 possible combinations of MFIndex and Volume are:
Green :
---------------------------------
MFIndex increases and the volume increases. This means that the amount of participants entering the market increases, therefore the volume increases and the fresh incoming players align their positions in the direction of candlestick growth.
Fade :
------------------------------
MFIndex falls and volume falls. It means that the market participants are indifferent and the price movement is small on small volumes. This usually happens at the end of a trend.
Fake :
------------------------------
MFIndex increases, but the volume falls. It is highly likely that the market is being supported by broker speculation and not any significant client volume.
Squat :
--------------------------------
MFIndex falls, but the volume increases. In this particular situation bulls and bears are fighting between themselves to see who will dominate the next trend. These battles are noticeable by the large sell and buy volumes. However, the price does not change appreciably since the strengths are equal. One of the competing parties either the buyers or the sellers will ultimately triumph in the battle. Usually, the fracture of such a candle indicates if this particular candle determines the continuation of the trend, or terminates the trend.
More info: en.wikipedia.org
Code: pastebin.com
