Kaufman's Efficiency Ratio Indicator

This ratio was developed by a systematic trader by the name of Perry J. Kaufman.
Formula
The formula is:
= A divided by B,
where:
- A = Current closing price minus the closing price at the start of the lookback period
- B = Sum of differences between closing prices (in absolute terms) of consecutive bars over the lookback period
Under default settings, closing price is used as source data, and the ER value is expressed in +ve/-ve signs (non-absolute), representing whether price had moved upward/downward over the period.
What this script does:
This script plots out ER and fills in the area beneath the curve with colors according to whether ER is classified as low/medium/high. There are two modes:
- Dynamic mode: low/medium/high is determined by ER value relative to it's mean +/- 'multiple' of standard deviation
- Static mode: low/medium/high is based on user defined thresholds
Applications:
- Can be used for identifying bullish moves in instances where price had already gone up steeply, but rests. If speculating that price will continually rise, then can enter during resting phase.
- Can be used to filter out choppy entry signals produced by existing trade strategies. If trying to enter during periods of consolidation, then ER should ideally be low. On the other hand, for mean reversion strategies, ER should be expected high.
Clarification: In Kaufman's book "Trading Systems and Methods", he compares price movements in a high noise market to the analogy of a "drunken sailor trying to walk a straight line". On the other hand, if a market displays no noise, price should be nicely trending straight. Following is an illustration of what this all means:
- added horizontal dash lines
Skrip sumber terbuka
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Untuk akses pantas pada carta, tambah skrip ini kepada kegemaran anda — ketahui lebih lanjut di sini.
Penafian
Skrip sumber terbuka
Dalam semangat sebenar TradingView, pencipta skrip ini telah menjadikannya sumber terbuka supaya pedagang dapat menilai dan mengesahkan kefungsiannya. Terima kasih kepada penulis! Walaupun anda boleh menggunakannya secara percuma, ingat bahawa menerbitkan semula kod ini adalah tertakluk kepada Peraturan Dalaman kami.
Untuk akses pantas pada carta, tambah skrip ini kepada kegemaran anda — ketahui lebih lanjut di sini.