Consecutive Green Candles + 20% Move ScreenerConsecutive Green Candles Momentum Tracker
This indicator identifies powerful bullish momentum streaks in stocks, highlighting opportunities where consistent buying pressure has driven significant price increases.
The script tracks sequences of consecutive green (bullish) candles that collectively move a stock's price by more than 20%. It marks both the beginning of such streaks with a green label and their conclusion with a red arrow when price momentum finally reverses.
Perfect for traders looking to:
- Identify stocks experiencing strong directional momentum
- Spot potential reversal points after extended rallies
- Screen for securities with recent bullish strength
- Understand the magnitude of recent price runs
Simply adjust the minimum number of candles and percentage threshold to match your preferred momentum criteria.
Penunjuk dan strategi
Position Size Calculator (Fixed % or ATR-based Stop Support)Position Size Calculator (Fixed % or ATR-based Stop Support)
Purpose and Background
This indicator allows traders to calculate appropriate position sizes directly on the chart, based on a key rule:
“What percentage of your capital are you willing to risk per trade?”
While many traders focus on entries and indicators, position sizing and risk allocation are often overlooked.
This tool visualizes and simplifies the “1% risk rule” promoted by IBD (Investor’s Business Daily) and William J. O’Neil, helping both beginners and experienced traders maintain disciplined capital management.
Key Features
Automatically calculates and displays:
・ Position Size
The number of units (shares, contracts, coins) you can hold based on your stop-loss range and risk allowance.
・ Stop Price
The price level at which your stop-loss would be triggered.
・ Risk Amount
The maximum loss per trade based on your portfolio size and risk percentage.
Two stop-loss modes available:
・ Fixed % Mode
O’Neil suggests using up to 8% stop-loss in uptrends and keeping it tighter (around 4%) in corrections. This mode allows flexible manual settings.
・ ATR-Based Mode
Uses the asset’s average volatility to dynamically calculate stop-loss width using the Average True Range (ATR).
ATR Usage and Recommended Settings
ATR helps you avoid noise-based stop-outs and align your risk with market volatility.
There are two parameters you can adjust:
・ ATR Length
Defines how many bars are used to calculate the average range.
・Shorter values (5–10) respond faster for day trades
・Longer values (14–21) offer smoother ranges for swing/position trades(Default is 14)
・ATR Multiplier
Sets how wide the stop-loss is by multiplying the ATR value:
・Day trading: 1.0–1.5×
・Swing trading: 1.5–2.5×
・Position trading: 2.0–3.0×
Practical Examples: Risk % × Stop-Loss % → Max Positions
This tool helps estimate how many positions you can hold in a portfolio based on your risk per trade and stop width.
Examples:
・Risk 0.5%, Stop 8% → Max 16 positions
・Risk 0.5%, Stop 4% → Max 8 positions
・Risk 1.0%, Stop 8% → Max 8 positions
・Risk 1.0%, Stop 4% → Max 4 positions
・Risk 2.0%, Stop 8% → Max 4 positions
・Risk 2.0%, Stop 4% → Max 2 positions
These assume worst-case scenarios where all positions are stopped out simultaneously within your overall portfolio risk limit.
Display & Customization Options
・ Currency Display: USD or JPY
No currency conversion is applied. Select based on your trading region (e.g., USD for U.S. stocks, JPY for Japanese stocks).
Support for additional currencies can be added upon request.
・ Show/Hide Decimal Places
Toggle decimals for better visibility. Ideal for fractional assets like crypto and CFDs.
・ Position of Output
Choose from top-right, middle-right, or bottom-right on the chart.
・ Text Display Size: Large / Normal / Small
Choose the table size that best suits your viewing preferences.
・ Explanation of Displayed Labels
・ Position Size : Units to buy/sell based on risk
・ Stop Price : Price where stop-loss is triggered
・ Risk Amount : Max loss allowed for the trade
How to Use
1、Set your Portfolio Size
2、Choose your Currency (USD or JPY)
3、Input Risk per Trade (%) (e.g., 1%)
4、Select Stop Loss Method
・ Fixed % : Enter a manual stop-loss percent (e.g., 8%)
・ ATR : Then also enter:
・ ATR Length : Number of bars used to calculate ATR (e.g., 14)
・ ATR Multiplier : Factor applied to ATR to determine stop-loss (e.g., 2.0)
5、Adjust decimals, label position, or text size as needed
6、The result is displayed in a table directly on your chart
Notes
・ Uses the current close price (close) as the basis
Real-time bid/ask data isn't available in Pine Script, so the close price is used for consistent results.
・ No buy/sell signals are generated
This tool is for position sizing and risk calculation only, not trade entries.
Recommended For
・Traders who want precise, rule-based position sizing
・Users following IBD or O’Neil’s 1% risk principle
・Those incorporating ATR for stop-loss strategies
・Multi-asset traders (stocks, crypto, CFDs, etc.)
・ Anyone who wants to calculate position size and risk without using a calculator or external tool—fully inside TradingView
Volume EfficiencyThis indicator displays each candle's volume in an enhanced visual form, combining the amount of volume with the efficiency of the price movement.
Each volume bar changes its color intensity based on:
Higher efficiency (large price movement with low volume) → stronger color.
Lower efficiency (high volume with little price movement) → weaker color.
Additionally:
Green: Bullish candles (close > open).
Red: Bearish candles (close < open).
The color reflects not only the volume but also how "easily" the price moved.
The efficiency calculation is based on the actual body movement of the candle (abs(close - open)) divided by the total volume, dynamically adjusted to the maximum efficiency over the last N candles (configurable).
Interpretation:
Intensely green or red volume bars: clean and efficient movements (low resistance).
Pale bars: market absorption or indecision (high volume but little price movement).
Configurable parameter:
Efficiency period: number of candles used to normalise the maximum efficiency.
Candlestick Patterns Zh# CandlePatternsZh
**CandlePatternsZh** aims to translate All Patterns indicators in TradingView into Chinese, combining educational content with TradingView's PineScript code tool to help traders better understand and apply technical analysis.
## 專案介紹 (Project Overview)
**CandlePatternsZh** 旨在將TradingView裡的All Patterns指標翻譯成中文,結合教育內容和TradingView的PineScript程式碼工具,幫助交易者更好地理解和應用技術分析。
- **中文化**:提供K線形態的中文名稱、解釋和交易策略。
- **PineScript工具**:自動檢測並視覺化K線形態,支援TradingView平台。
- **教育資源**:詳細的形態說明、圖表範例和中英對照表。
## 功能 (Features)
- Localized candlestick patterns with Chinese translations.
- PineScript scripts for detecting and visualizing patterns on TradingView.
- Educational guides with examples and trading strategies.
## 目前支援的K線形態 (Supported Patterns)
| 英文名稱 (English) | 中文名稱 (Chinese) | 說明 (Description) |
|--------------------------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| Doji | 十字星 | 開盤價與收盤價接近,反映市場猶豫。 |
| Hammer | 錘形線 | 長下影線,短實體,可能預示底部反轉。 |
| Bullish Engulfing | 看漲吞沒 | 大陽線吞沒前一根陰線,表明買方力量增強。 |
| Bearish Engulfing | 看跌吞沒 | 大陰線吞沒前一根陽線,表明賣方力量增強。 |
更多形態請參閱 (docs/)。
## 快速開始 (Getting Started)
1. 複製專案:
```bash
git clone github.com
```
2. 瀏覽 `docs/` 資料夾,查看K線形態的教育內容。
3. 將 `scripts/` 資料夾中的PineScript程式碼複製到TradingView的Pine Editor以應用。
## 專案結構 (Project Structure)
```
CandlePatternsZh/
├── docs/ # 教育內容 (Educational content)
├── scripts/ # PineScript程式碼 (PineScript scripts)
├── examples/ # 圖表範例 (Chart examples)
├── translations/ # 中英對照翻譯 (Translations)
├── README.md # 專案介紹 (Project overview)
├── CONTRIBUTING.md # 貢獻指南 (Contribution guidelines)
├── LICENSE # MPL 2.0許可證 (MPL 2.0 License)
└── .gitignore # Git忽略檔案 (Git ignore file)
```
## 貢獻 (Contributing)
歡迎參與貢獻!請閱讀 (CONTRIBUTING.md) 了解如何提交翻譯、程式碼或範例。
## 許可證 (License)
This project is licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 - see the (LICENSE) file for details.
## 聯繫 (Contact)
有任何問題或建議?請在GitHub上開啟 (github.com) 或聯繫我們!
K's Reversal Indicator I with Order BlocksPlot this indicator and use ONLY 1 Hour timeframe. When signal appears, wait for the candle to close and mark the high and low of the candle. Take bullish entry if the next candle closes above the high of the candle in which signal had generated and for bearish entry if the next candle closes below the low of the candle.
The signal would be less as compared to other indicators but the results are great. Please backtest before using.
Spread/Range Oscillator + Signal + HistogramThe Spread/Range Oscillator is a technical analysis tool designed to assess market momentum by evaluating the relationship between price movement and volatility.
Calculation
Spread: The difference between the closing and opening prices of a candle (close - open).
Range: The difference between the high and low prices of a candle (high - low).
Oscillator: The spread divided by the range (spread / range). This ratio provides a normalized measure of price movement within each candle.
Smoothed Oscillator: An Exponential Moving Average (EMA) applied to the oscillator over a user-defined period (Smoothing Length) to reduce noise.
Signal Line: An EMA of the Smoothed Oscillator over another user-defined period (Signal Line Length) to identify potential trend changes.
Histogram: The difference between the Smoothed Oscillator and the Signal Line (Smoothed Oscillator - Signal Line). Positive values suggest bullish momentum, while negative values indicate bearish momentum.
Inputs
Smoothing Length (EMA): Determines the period for smoothing the oscillator.
Signal Line Length (EMA): Sets the period for the EMA applied to the Smoothed Oscillator to generate the Signal Line.
Visual Representation
Smoothed Oscillator: Plotted as a line representing the smoothed momentum of price movements.
Signal Line: Displayed as a line serving as a reference to identify potential crossovers and trend changes.
Histogram: Rendered as bars, with positive values indicating bullish momentum and negative values indicating bearish momentum.
Zero Line: A horizontal line at zero to distinguish between bullish and bearish territories.
Applications
Momentum Analysis: Identify periods of strong buying or selling pressure based on the oscillator's position relative to the zero line.
Trend Confirmation: Use crossovers between the Smoothed Oscillator and Signal Line to confirm potential trend reversals or continuations.
Divergence Detection: Spot divergences between price action and the oscillator to anticipate possible market turning points.
This indicator is open-source and intended for educational purposes. It is recommended to use it in conjunction with other forms of analysis and risk management practices before making trading decisions.
Zen FDAX Session📝 Description
OVERVIEW
The Zen FDAX Session indicator highlights periods outside the regular trading hours of the FDAX (DAX Futures) on the Xetra exchange. It shades the chart background during non-trading hours, aiding traders in distinguishing active market periods from inactive ones.
FUNCTIONALITY
Customizable Trading Hours: Users can define the session's start and end times in UTC, allowing flexibility to match personal trading schedules or account for daylight saving changes.
Visual Clarity: The indicator applies a subtle background color to non-trading hours, ensuring clear demarcation without obscuring price data.
Time Zone Awareness: Designed with UTC inputs to maintain consistency across different user time zones.
USAGE
Add the Indicator: Apply the "Zen FDAX Session" indicator to your chart.
Set Trading Hours: Input your desired session start and end times in UTC.
Interpret the Shading: Areas with shaded backgrounds represent times outside your defined trading session.
Note: This indicator does not generate buy/sell signals but serves as a visual aid to identify trading sessions.
Buying vs Selling Pressure**Buying vs Selling Pressure**
This indicator measures and visualizes intrabar buying and selling pressure using a normalized ATR-based formula. It helps identify which side—buyers or sellers—is currently in control.
🔍 How it works:
Buying Pressure: Calculated from the distance between the close and low, adjusted by ATR.
Selling Pressure: Calculated from the distance between the high and close, also adjusted by ATR.
Histogram bars change color based on which side is stronger:
🟢 Green = Buying pressure dominant
🔴 Red = Selling pressure dominant
🔵 Blue = Potential transition or imbalance
Includes a zero line for easy reference.
Range Progress TrackerRANGE PROGRESS TRACKER(RPT)
PURPOSE
This indicator helps traders visually and statistically understand how much of the typical price range (measured by ATR) has already been covered in the current period (Daily, Weekly, or Monthly). It includes key features to assist in trend exhaustion analysis, reversal spotting, and smart alerting.
CORE LOGIC
The indicator calculates the current range of the selected time frame (e.g., Daily), which is:
Current Range = High - Low
This is then compared to the ATR (Average True Range) of the same time frame, which represents the average price movement range over a defined period (default is 14).
The comparison is expressed as a percentage, calculated with this formula:
Range % = (Current Range / ATR) × 100
This percentage shows how much of the “average expected move” has already occurred.
WHY IT MATTERS
When the current range approaches or exceeds 100% of ATR, it means the price has already moved as much as it typically does in a full session.
This indicates a lower probability of continuing the trend with a new high or low, especially when the price is already near the session's high or low.
This setup can signal:
A possible consolidation phase
A reversal in trend
The market entering a corrective phase
SMART ALERTS
The indicator can alert you when:
A new high is made after the range percentage exceeds your set threshold.
A new low is made after the range percentage exceeds your set threshold.
You can adjust the Range % Alert Threshold in the settings to tailor it to your trading style.
Multi-TF BOS/CHoCH Detectori am abhijit i am devloping this structure maping indicator with alert .
on dated may 12-5-2025. disclaimer-it is only for educational purpose and not giving surety of success use it by your own risk
RSI Divergence • Thin‑Line, Colored, Center‑NumberRSI ky dung de xac dinh XH và vugnf dao chieu của XH
FVG + OB + RSI Divergence + Volume Spikes🧠 FVG + OB + RSI Divergence + Volume Spikes – Market Structure Confluence Tool
This all-in-one indicator brings together four powerful market concepts into a single script designed to help traders identify high-probability trade setups with precision and clarity:
🔍 What It Does
✅ Fair Value Gaps (FVG)
Highlights inefficiencies in price action, showing where the market may return to “rebalance.”
✅ Order Blocks (OB)
Marks key institutional footprints — bullish and bearish order blocks based on engulfing candle structures.
✅ RSI Divergence
Detects both bullish and bearish divergences between price and RSI, signaling potential reversals.
✅ Volume Spikes
Flags bars where volume significantly exceeds the average — a common footprint of smart money.
🎯 How to Use
Use this tool to spot confluences between price inefficiencies (FVG), key reversal zones (OB), momentum shifts (RSI Divergence), and institutional interest (Volume Spikes). The best setups often occur when multiple signals align — especially at key support/resistance or trend zones.
⚙️ Inputs
RSI length (for divergence)
Volume spike sensitivity (multiplier)
Lookback for Order Blocks and FVGs
⚠️ Notes
This is a non-repainting tool.
Ideal for price action, SMC, ICT, and order flow traders.
Combine with your existing strategy and higher time frame bias for best results.
Confluence Entry & Exit Signals PRODesigned for scalpers & day traders
Works beautifully on NQ / ES / SPY / major tickers
Built-in alerts for clean, no-hesitation execution This is built specifically to highlight the highest-probability setups I trade every day — using tech confluence ,9,20,50 ema, increasing volume, and laser-precise entries/exits.
Trading Sessions DE mit klaren Abgrenzungen// This indicator highlights the major intraday trading sessions:
// - Asia Session (01:00–09:00 Berlin time) in light red
// - London Session (09:00–17:00 Berlin time) in light blue
// - New York Session (14:30–22:00 Berlin time) in light gray
//
// The session times automatically adjust to current German local time,
// including daylight saving time (Europe/Berlin timezone).
//
// Each session is clearly marked using colored boxes, along with
// black vertical lines at the start and end of each session for better visual separation.
//
// Ideal for day traders of indices like DAX, S&P 500, or NASDAQ
// who want clear visual identification of global market sessions on the chart.
//
// Designed for intraday timeframes such as 5min, 15min, 30min, 1h, etc.
//
// © Built with Pine Script v5 – for private or public use on TradingView.
// by LeKrypJr
Trigger & Confirmation Zones [Daily Logic, LTF View]This indicator identifys the days that are expanding after inside days
Spot Trend Follower w/ MACDThis is a Spot market trend follower strategy that is optimizer for the bigger crypto currencies. Designed to grow a small account/ Utilizes MACD, and ATR/ATX technologies in its optimizations. Consistantly produces 50% win rate, and strong P&L Any feedback is welcome
MarketSmith-Style RS Rank (vs SPX)Description:
This indicator calculates a MarketSmith-style Relative Strength (RS) Rank by comparing the stock’s performance to the S&P 500 (SPX) over a customizable lookback period. The result is normalized to a 0–99 scale using an adjustable multiplier, making it easier to identify strong outperformers and weak underperformers.
The RS Rank is plotted as a step line for clarity, with reference lines at 70 (Strong) and 30 (Weak) to highlight key zones of strength and weakness. This tool is ideal for traders looking to quickly assess relative performance within a broader market context.
Mervin 2025 Predictive BOS Reversal DetectorObjective of the Script
To help traders predict and confirm market reversals using a combination of candlestick alignment, BOS logic, and trend strength indicators (CCI & ATR).
How the Script Works – Step-by-Step
Step 1: Detect Body Alignment Reversal
This step checks if the current candlestick is a potential reversal, defined as:
Opposite direction to the previous candle, and
Body alignment, meaning the previous close is nearly equal to the current open within a small tolerance.
✅ Conditions:
Bullish reversal: Previous candle is red (down), current candle is green (up).
Bearish reversal: Previous candle is green (up), current candle is red (down).
Aligned: abs(prevClose - currOpen) <= tolerance
If both alignment and reversal are detected:
A potential bullish BOS or potential bearish BOS is predicted.
📍 Displayed on Chart:
🔶 Orange triangle up = predicted bullish BOS
🔶 Orange triangle down = predicted bearish BOS
Step 2: Predict and Confirm Break of Structure (BOS)
Once a reversal is predicted, the script waits for a break above or below a key level from the previous candle:
Bullish BOS confirmed if the price breaks above the previous high.
Bearish BOS confirmed if the price breaks below the previous low.
📍 Displayed on Chart:
✅ Green label up = confirmed bullish BOS
❌ Red label down = confirmed bearish BOS
Step 3: Alerts
The script includes alerts that can be turned on in TradingView:
Predict Bullish BOS – potential long opportunity
Predict Bearish BOS – potential short opportunity
Confirmed BOS Bullish – confirmation to enter or add to a long
Confirmed BOS Bearish – confirmation to enter or add to a short
Step 4: Candle Strength and Forecast Bias Table
This section provides trend strength analysis using:
Candle strength: Percentage change from open to close
CCI (Commodity Channel Index): Detects trend direction and strength
ATR (Average True Range): Measures volatility
Bias Logic:
Buy: CCI is positive, increasing, and ATR is rising.
Sell: CCI is negative, decreasing, and ATR is rising.
Wait: No clear signal.
📍 Displayed on Chart:
A table in the top-right corner shows:
Candle strength and label (Bullish/Bearish)
Bias with color coding: ✅ Lime (Buy), ❌ Red (Sell), ⚪ Gray (Wait)
🛠️ Inputs You Can Customize
Input Name Description Default
Alignment Tolerance How closely previous close should match current open to consider aligned 0.01
Predict BOS within next N bars Number of bars to watch for BOS confirmation 2
CCI Length Period for CCI calculation 20
ATR Length Period for ATR calculation 14
🧭 Trading Strategy – Steps to Use
🔍 Step 1: Watch for BOS Prediction
Look for orange triangle up/down on the chart.
This is your heads-up for a potential reversal.
✅ Step 2: Wait for BOS Confirmation
Only trade if:
Price breaks above the high (for bullish) or below the low (for bearish) of the previous bar.
You’ll see green/red labels on the chart.
🛒 Step 3: Entry
Bullish Entry (Long):
After confirmed bullish BOS
Bias table shows "Buy"
Bearish Entry (Short):
After confirmed bearish BOS
Bias table shows "Sell"
🎯 Step 4: Stop Loss and Take Profit
Use ATR to gauge volatility and set stop loss.
Example: SL = Entry ± 1.5x ATR
Consider previous swing high/low for take profit levels.
🔔 Step 5: Set Alerts
Turn on alerts in TradingView to be notified of predictions and confirmations.
Breakout DailyRottura strutturale - con corpo - del massimo o minimo giornaliero di ieri.
Script creato con ChatGPT.
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breakout - with body - of yesterday's daily high or low.
Script created with ChatGPT.
Candela volume intraday 90% valida - con alertLa candela con il volume più alto della giornata e che crea un nuovo massimo o minimo giornaliero.
- Utilizzabile solo su timeframe M15;
- Si può impostare un range di barre(da inizio giornata) da ignorare;
- "90% valida" sta per candela con volume superiore del 90% dell'ultima candela con volume più alto della giornata(nello script si può cambiare percentuale di volumi validi per definire candela volume, sostituendo tutti i "90" con la percentuale desiderata);
- I volumi long vengono confrontati con i long e i volumi short con gli short;
- Script creato con ChatGpt;
Buon trading a tutti! :)
###################################################################################
The candle with the highest volume of the day and that creates a new daily high or low.
- Only usable on M15 timeframes;
- You can set a range of bars (from the beginning of the day) to ignore;
- "90% valid" means a candle with volume greater than 90% of the last candle with the highest volume of the day (in the script you can change the percentage of valid volumes to define the candle volume, replacing all the "90" with the desired percentage);
- Long volumes are compared to longs and short volumes are compared to shorts;
- Script created with ChatGpt;
Happy trading everyone! :)
3MA Signal Flow📘【概要 / Overview】
3本の移動平均線(短期・中期・長期)の「並び順」と「方向」が同時に揃ったとき、シグナル(▲)を表示するシンプルなトレンド補助インジケーターです。
- 上昇シグナル:短期 > 中期 > 長期 & すべて上向き
- 下降シグナル:短期 < 中期 < 長期 & すべて下向き
- それ以外:ノーシグナル
This indicator shows a triangle signal (▲) **only when both the correct order and direction** of short/mid/long moving averages align:
- Bullish: short > mid > long **AND** all sloping upward
- Bearish: short < mid < long **AND** all sloping downward
- Otherwise: no signal
---
🔧【用途 / Use Cases】
- トレンド初動の検出
- 押し目・戻り目後の再加速ポイント確認
- MACDなど他インジとの併用で精度向上
- マルチタイム分析にも対応(1分足〜日足OK)
- Detect early trends
- Confirm trend continuation after pullbacks
- Combine with indicators like MACD
- Works on all timeframes (1min to daily)
---
🤝【他のインジケーターや裁量との併用例 / Example Combinations】
このインジケーター単体でもシンプルに使えますが、以下のような併用例が実戦的に役立ちます:
▶ **MACDヒストグラムとの組み合わせ**
シグナル出現時にMACDが拡大傾向であれば、モメンタムが伴っていると判断しやすいです。
弱ければロット調整やスルーの判断材料に。
▶ **トレンドラインブレイクとの併用(裁量)**
自分で引いたトレンドラインを明確に抜けた直後に▲シグナルが出現するケースでは、初動キャッチの根拠となりやすく、エントリー検討の優先度が高まります。
This tool works best when combined with other context:
▶ **With MACD histogram**
A strong expanding histogram reinforces the signal.
Weak or flat? Consider skipping or reducing size.
▶ **With manual trendline breaks**
If a signal appears just after your own trendline is broken, it may indicate a trend initiation zone with high reliability.
---
⚙️【カスタマイズ可能な設定 / Adjustable Settings】
- MAの期間(デフォルト:25, 75, 200)
- シグナルの色やサイズ
- ラベル表示ON/OFFなど
- MA periods (default: 25 / 75 / 200)
- Signal colors & size
- Toggle label display
---
💬【メッセージ / Final Note】
このインジケーターは私自身の経験をもとに設計していますが、手法や使い方は人それぞれです。
ご自身の視点で活用した結果などをコメント欄で共有いただけたら嬉しいです。
お互いの知見を深めるきっかけになれば幸いです。
This indicator reflects my personal trading logic, but I welcome others to explore it in their own way.
If you find a unique or effective use case, I’d be happy to hear it.
Let’s grow together as traders.
Session VolumeThis script tracks and displays 30-minute volume segments during the Regular Trading Hours (RTH) session. It allows traders to visually compare each time block’s volume today vs. the same block from the previous day, helping spot early signs of strength, weakness, or divergence.
Features:
Tracks 13 blocks from 9:30 AM to 4:15 PM ET.
Compares today's volume against historical volume from the same time block yesterday.
Highlights percentage changes per block.
Summary row totals show overall volume trend today vs. yesterday.
This tool is useful for discretionary traders, auction market theorists, and anyone who incorporates market-generated information into their decision-making.