Reverse Cutlers Relative Strength IndexIntroduction
The Reverse Cutlers Relative Strength Index (RCRSI) is an indicator which tells the user what price is required to give a particular Cutlers Relative Strength Index (RSI) value, or cross its Moving Average (MA) signal line.
Overview
Background & Credits:
The relative strength index (RSI) is a momentum indicator used in technical analysis that was originally developed by J. Welles Wilder Jr. and introduced in his seminal 1978 book, “New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems.”.
Cutler created a variation of the RSI known as “Cutlers RSI” using a different formulation to avoid an inherent accuracy problem which arises when using Wilders method of smoothing.
Further developments in the use, and more nuanced interpretations of the RSI have been developed by Cardwell, and also by well-known chartered market technician, Constance Brown C.M.T., in her acclaimed book "Technical Analysis for the Trading Professional” 1999 where she described the idea of bull and bear market ranges for RSI, and while she did not actually reveal the formulas, she introduced the concept of “reverse engineering” the RSI to give price level outputs.
Renowned financial software developer, co-author of academic books on finance, and scientific fellow to the Department of Finance and Insurance at the Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Giorgos Siligardos PHD. brought a new perspective to Wilder’s RSI when he published his excellent and well-received articles "Reverse Engineering RSI " and "Reverse Engineering RSI II " in the June 2003, and August 2003 issues of Stocks & Commodities magazine, where he described his methods of reverse engineering Wilders RSI.
Several excellent Implementations of the Reverse Wilders Relative Strength Index have been published here on Tradingview and elsewhere.
My utmost respect, and all due credits to authors of related prior works.
Introduction
It is worth noting that while the general RSI formula, and the logic dictating the UpMove and DownMove data series as described above has remained the same as the Wilders original formulation, it has been interpreted in a different way by using a different method of averaging the upward, and downward moves.
Cutler recognized the issue of data length dependency when using wilders smoothing method of calculating RSI which means that wilders standard RSI will have a potential initialization error which reduces with every new data point calculated meaning early results should be regarded as unreliable until enough calculation iterations have occurred for convergence.
Hence Cutler proposed using Simple Moving Averaging for gain and loss data which this Indicator is based on.
Having "Reverse engineered" prices for any oscillator makes the planning, and execution of strategies around that oscillator far simpler, more timely and effective.
Introducing the Reverse Cutlers RSI which consists of plotted lines on a scale of 0 to 100, and an optional infobox.
The RSI scale is divided into zones:
• Scale high (100)
• Bull critical zone (80 - 100)
• Bull control zone (62 - 80)
• Scale midline (50)
• Bear critical zone (20 - 38)
• Bear control zone (0 - 20)
• Scale low (0)
The RSI plots are:
• Cutlers RSI
• RSI MA signal line
• Test price RSI
• Alert level high
• Alert level low
The info box displays output closing price levels where Cutlers RSI value will crossover:
• Its previous value. (RSI )
• Bull critical zone.
• Bull control zone.
• Mid-Line.
• Bear control zone.
• Bear critical zone.
• RSI MA signal line
• Alert level High
• Alert level low
And also displays the resultant RSI for a user defined closing price:
• Test price RSI
The infobox outputs can be shown for the current bar close, or the next bar close.
The user can easily select which information they want in the infobox from the setttings
Importantly:
All info box price levels for the current bar are calculated immediately upon the current bar closing and a new bar opening, they will not change until the current bar closes.
All info box price levels for the next bar are projections which are continually recalculated as the current price changes, and therefore fluctuate as the current price changes.
Understanding the Relative Strength Index
At its simplest the RSI is a measure of how quickly traders are bidding the price of an asset up or down.
It does this by calculating the difference in magnitude of price gains and losses over a specific lookback period to evaluate market conditions.
The RSI is displayed as an oscillator (a line graph that can move between two extremes) and outputs a value limited between 0 and 100.
It is typically accompanied by a moving average signal line.
Traditional interpretations
Overbought and oversold:
An RSI value of 70 or above indicates that an asset is becoming overbought (overvalued condition), and may be may be ready for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price.
An RSI value of 30 or below indicates that an asset is becoming oversold (undervalued condition), and may be may be primed for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price.
Midline Crossovers:
When the RSI crosses above its midline (RSI > 50%) a bullish bias signal is generated. (only take long trades)
When the RSI crosses below its midline (RSI < 50%) a bearish bias signal is generated. (only take short trades)
Bullish and bearish moving average signal Line crossovers:
When the RSI line crosses above its signal line, a bullish buy signal is generated
When the RSI line crosses below its signal line, a bearish sell signal is generated.
Swing Failures and classic rejection patterns:
If the RSI makes a lower high, and then follows with a downside move below the previous low, a Top Swing Failure has occurred.
If the RSI makes a higher low, and then follows with an upside move above the previous high, a Bottom Swing Failure has occurred.
Examples of classic swing rejection patterns
Bullish swing rejection pattern:
The RSI moves into oversold zone (below 30%).
The RSI rejects back out of the oversold zone (above 30%)
The RSI forms another dip without crossing back into oversold zone.
The RSI then continues the bounce to break up above the previous high.
Bearish swing rejection pattern:
The RSI moves into overbought zone (above 70%).
The RSI rejects back out of the overbought zone (below 70%)
The RSI forms another peak without crossing back into overbought zone.
The RSI then continues to break down below the previous low.
Divergences:
A regular bullish RSI divergence is when the price makes lower lows in a downtrend and the RSI indicator makes higher lows.
A regular bearish RSI divergence is when the price makes higher highs in an uptrend and the RSI indicator makes lower highs.
A hidden bullish RSI divergence is when the price makes higher lows in an uptrend and the RSI indicator makes lower lows.
A hidden bearish RSI divergence is when the price makes lower highs in a downtrend and the RSI indicator makes higher highs.
Regular divergences can signal a reversal of the trending direction.
Hidden divergences can signal a continuation in the direction of the trend.
Chart Patterns:
RSI regularly forms classic chart patterns that may not show on the underlying price chart, such as ascending and descending triangles & wedges, double tops, bottoms and trend lines etc.
Support and Resistance:
It is very often easier to define support or resistance levels on the RSI itself rather than the price chart.
Modern interpretations in trending markets:
Modern interpretations of the RSI stress the context of the greater trend when using RSI signals such as crossovers, overbought/oversold conditions, divergences and patterns.
Constance Brown, CMT, was one of the first who promoted the idea that an oversold reading on the RSI in an uptrend is likely much higher than 30%, and that an overbought reading on the RSI during a downtrend is much lower than the 70% level.
In an uptrend or bull market, the RSI tends to remain in the 40 to 90 range, with the 40-50 zone acting as support.
During a downtrend or bear market, the RSI tends to stay between the 10 to 60 range, with the 50-60 zone acting as resistance.
For ease of executing more modern and nuanced interpretations of RSI it is very useful to break the RSI scale into bull and bear control and critical zones.
These ranges will vary depending on the RSI settings and the strength of the specific market’s underlying trend.
Limitations of the RSI
Like most technical indicators, its signals are most reliable when they conform to the long-term trend.
True trend reversal signals are rare, and can be difficult to separate from false signals.
False signals or “fake-outs”, e.g. a bullish crossover, followed by a sudden decline in price, are common.
Since the indicator displays momentum, it can stay overbought or oversold for a long time when an asset has significant sustained momentum in either direction.
Data Length Dependency when using wilders smoothing method of calculating RSI means that wilders standard RSI will have a potential initialization error which reduces with every new data point calculated meaning early results should be regarded as unreliable until calculation iterations have occurred for convergence.
Cari dalam skrip untuk "rsi divergence"
CVD Divergence Strategy.1.mmThis is the matching Strategy version of Indicator of the same name.
As a member of the K1m6a Lions discussion community we often use versions of the Cumulative Volume Delta indicator
as one of our primary tools along with RSI, RSI Divergences, Open interest, Volume Profile, TPO and Fibonacci levels.
We also discuss visual interpretations of CVD Divergences across multiple time frames much like RSI divergences.
RSI Divergences can be identified as possible Bullish reversal areas when the RSI is making higher low points while
the price is making lower low points.
RSI Divergences can be identified as possible Bearish reversal areas when the RSI is making lower high points while
the price is making higher high points.
CVD Divergences can also be identified the same way on any timeframe as possible reversal signals. As with RSI, these Divergences
often occur as a trend's momentum is giving way to lower volume and areas when profits are being taken signaling a possible reversal
of the current trending price movement.
Hidden Divergences are identified as calculations that may be signaling a continuation of the current trend.
Having not found any public domain versions of a CVD Divergence indicator I have combined some public code to create this
indicator and matching strategy. The calculations for the Cumulative Volume Delta keep a running total for the differences between
the positive changes in volume in relation to the negative changes in volume. A relative upward spike in CVD is created when
there is a large increase in buying vs a low amount of selling. A relative downward spike in CVD is created when
there is a large increase in selling vs a low amount of buying.
In the settings menu, the is a drop down to be used to view the results in alternate timeframes while the chart remains on current timeframe. The Lookback settings can be adjusted so that the divs show on a more local, spontaneous level if set at 1,1,60,1. For a deeper, wider view of the divs, they can be set higher like 7,7,60,7. Adjust them all to suit your view of the divs.
To create this indicator/strategy I used a portion of the code from "Cumulative Volume Delta" by @ contrerae which calculates
the CVD from aggregate volume of many top exchanges and plots the continuous changes on a non-overlay indicator.
For the identification and plotting of the Divergences, I used similar code from the Tradingview Technical "RSI Divergence Indicator"
This indicator should not be used as a stand-alone but as an additional tool to help identify Bullish and Bearish Divergences and
also Bullish and Bearish Hidden Divergences which, as opposed to regular divergences, may indicate a continuation.
CVD Divergence Indicator.1.mmAs a member of the K1m6a Lions discussion community we often use versions of the Cumulative Volume Delta indicator
as one of our primary tools along with RSI, RSI Divergences, Open interest, Volume Profile, TPO and Fibonacci levels.
We also discuss visual interpretations of CVD Divergences across multiple time frames much like RSI divergences.
RSI Divergences can be identified as possible Bullish reversal areas when the RSI is making higher low points while
the price is making lower low points.
RSI Divergences can be identified as possible Bearish reversal areas when the RSI is making lower high points while
the price is making higher high points.
CVD Divergences can also be identified the same way on any timeframe as possible reversal signals. As with RSI, these Divergences
often occur as a trend's momentum is giving way to lower volume and areas when profits are being taken signaling a possible reversal
of the current trending price movement.
Hidden Divergences are identified as calculations that may be signaling a continuation of the current trend.
Having not found any public domain versions of a CVD Divergence indicator I have combined some public code to create this
indicator and matching strategy. The calculations for the Cumulative Volume Delta keep a running total for the differences between
the positive changes in volume in relation to the negative changes in volume. A relative upward spike in CVD is created when
there is a large increase in buying vs a low amount of selling. A relative downward spike in CVD is created when
there is a large increase in selling vs a low amount of buying.
In the settings menu, the is a drop down to be used to view the results in alternate timeframes while the chart remains on current timeframe. The Lookback settings can be adjusted so that the divs show on a more local, spontaneous level if set at 1,1,60,1. For a deeper, wider view of the divs, they can be set higher like 7,7,60,7. Adjust them all to suit your view of the divs.
To create this indicator/strategy I used a portion of the code from "Cumulative Volume Delta" by @ contrerae which calculates
the CVD from aggregate volume of many top exchanges and plots the continuous changes on a non-overlay indicator.
For the identification and plotting of the Divergences, I used similar code from the Tradingview Technical "RSI Divergence Indicator"
This indicator should not be used as a stand-alone but as an additional tool to help identify Bullish and Bearish Divergences and
also Bullish and Bearish Hidden Divergences which, as opposed to regular divergences, may indicate a continuation.
Divergence RSI V2This indicator is based on the concept of divergence. I recommend that you find out and study about this yourself as the concept of divergence will not be explained in depth in this description.
This indicator will show divergences between the asset price and the RSI oscillator. The indicator will look for divergent points between the rising highs and falling lows of the asset; and the rising lows and falling highs of the RSI.
The trend of the asset tends to follow the behavior of the oscillator when a divergence occurs. So if we find a divergence between the two, the price of the asset is likely to follow the trend of the oscillator.
This indicator looks for these types of divergences and will show (based on the RSI) if there is a bullish or bearish divergence.
If it is bullish, it will show a line joining those points in green and if it is bearish in red. In addition, it will show a label where you can see the number of occurrences that have been found from a certain point to another.
Note: this indicator can be complemented with the “Divergence V2” indicator which is also found in my library.
Settings
Backtesting Bars : is the number of bars back that the indicator will check. No more than 1000 is recommended as this will slow down the search.
Tolerance: number of times a divergent line can cross a bar. If you place 0, no bar can be crossed by a diverging line.
Min Bars To detect: will only search for divergences (or lines) that have the minimum number of bars selected in this option. Default option is 30.
Min Bars To detect: it will only search for divergences (or lines) that have the maximum number of bars selected in this option. Default option is 100.
Source Highs: The high points will be based on the close of each bar. You can use as another alternative.
Source Lows: The low points will be based on the close of each bar. You can use as another alternative.
Use squeeze parameter: only look for divergences (bullish or bearish) at times when such an indicator is in favor of the trend or coincides with the corresponding RSI divergence.
Divergence V2This indicator is based on the concept of divergence. I recommend that you find out and study about this yourself as the concept of divergence will not be explained in depth in this description.
This indicator will show divergences between the asset price and the RSI oscillator. The indicator will look for divergent points between the rising highs and falling lows of the asset; and the rising lows and falling highs of the RSI.
The trend of the asset tends to follow the behavior of the oscillator when a divergence occurs. So if we find a divergence between the two, the price of the asset is likely to follow the trend of the oscillator.
This indicator looks for these types of divergences and will show (based on the RSI) if there is a bullish or bearish divergence.
If it is bullish, it will show a line joining those points in green and if it is bearish in red. In addition, it will show a label where you can see the number of occurrences that have been found from a certain point to another.
Note: this indicator can be complemented with the “Divergence RSI V2” indicator which is also found in my library.
Settings
Backtesting Bars: is the number of bars back that the indicator will check. No more than 1000 is recommended as this will slow down the search.
Tolerance: number of times a divergent line can cross a bar. If you place 0, no bar can be crossed by a diverging line.
Min Bars To detect: will only search for divergences (or lines) that have the minimum number of bars selected in this option. Default option is 30.
Min Bars To detect: it will only search for divergences (or lines) that have the maximum number of bars selected in this option. Default option is 100.
Source Highs: The high points will be based on the close of each bar. You can use as another alternative.
Source Lows: The low points will be based on the close of each bar. You can use as another alternative.
Use squeeze parameter : only look for divergences (bullish or bearish) at times when such an indicator is in favor of the trend or coincides with the corresponding RSI divergence.
cd_RSI_Divergence_CxGeneral:
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator widely used by traders in price analysis. In addition to showing overbought/oversold zones, divergences between RSI and price are also tracked to identify trading opportunities.
The general consensus is that oscillators alone are not sufficient for entries and should be evaluated together with multiple confirmations.
This oscillator is designed as an additional confirmation/compatible tool for strategies that already use higher time frame (HTF) sweeps and lower time frame (LTF) confirmations such as Change in State Delivery (CISD) or Change of Character (CHOCH).
Features:
While RSI oscillators are commonly displayed in line format (classic), this indicator also offers candlestick-style visualization.
Depending on the selected source, period length, and EMA length, RSI can be displayed as lines and/or candlesticks.
Divergence detection & tracking:
Price and RSI values are monitored on the chosen higher time frame (from the menu) to determine highs and lows. For divergence display, the user can choose between two modes:
1- Alignment with HTF Sweep
2- All
1 - Alignment with HTF Sweep:
First, the price must sweep the previous high/low of the candle on the HTF (i.e., break it) but fail to continue in that direction and return inside (sweep).
If this condition is met, RSI values are checked:
If price makes a high sweep but RSI fails to make a new high → divergence is confirmed.
If price makes a low sweep but RSI fails to make a new low → divergence is confirmed.
Divergence is then displayed on the chart.
2 - All:
In this mode, sweep conditions are ignored. Divergence is confirmed if:
Price makes a new high on HTF but RSI does not.
RSI makes a new high on HTF but price does not.
Price makes a new low on HTF but RSI does not.
RSI makes a new low on HTF but price does not.
Menu & Settings:
RSI visualization (source + period length + EMA period length)
Option to choose classic/candlestick style display
Color customization
Higher time frame selection
Adjustable HTF boxes and table display
Final notes:
This oscillator is designed as an additional confirmation tool for strategies based on HTF sweep + LTF CISD/CHOCH confirmation logic. The chosen HTF in the oscillator should match the time frame where sweeps are expected.
Divergence signals from this oscillator alone will not make you profitable.
For spot trades, monitoring sweeps and divergences on higher time frames is more suitable (e.g., Daily–H1 / Weekly–H4).
My personal usage preferences:
Entry TF: 3m
HTF bias: Daily + H1
Sweep + CISD: 30m / 3m
Market Structure: 3m
RSI divergence: HTF = 30m
If all of them align bullish or bearish ( timeframe alignment ), I try to take the trade.
I’d be glad to hear your feedback and suggestions for improvement.
Happy trading!
IDX - 5UPThe UDX-5UP is a custom indicator designed to assist traders in identifying trends, entry and exit signals, and market reversal moments with greater accuracy. It combines price analysis, volume, and momentum (RSI) to provide clear buy ("Buy") and sell ("Sell") signals across any asset and timeframe, whether you're a scalper on the 5M chart or a swing trader on the 4H chart. Inspired by robust technical analysis strategies, the UDX-5UP is ideal for traders seeking a reliable tool to operate in volatile markets such as cryptocurrencies, forex, stocks, and futures.
Components of the UDX-5UP
The UDX-5UP consists of three main panels that work together to provide a comprehensive view of the market:
Main Panel (Price):
Pivot Supertrend: A dynamic line that changes color to indicate the trend. Green for an uptrend (look for buys), red for a downtrend (look for sells).
SMAs (Simple Moving Averages): Two SMAs (8 and 21 periods) to confirm the trend direction. When the SMA 8 crosses above the SMA 21, it’s a bullish signal; when it crosses below, it’s a bearish signal.
Entry/Exit Signals: "Buy" (green) and "Sell" (red) labels are plotted on the chart when entry or exit conditions are met.
Volume Panel:
Colored Volume Bars: Green bars indicate dominant buying volume, while red bars indicate dominant selling volume.
Volume Moving Average (MA 20): A blue line that helps identify whether the current volume is above or below the average, confirming the strength of the movement.
RSI Panel:
RSI (Relative Strength Index): Calculated with a period of 14, with overbought (70) and oversold (30) lines to identify momentum extremes.
Divergences: The indicator detects divergences between the RSI and price, plotting signals for potential reversals.
How the UDX-5UP Works
The UDX-5UP uses a combination of rules to generate buy and sell signals:
Buy Signal ("Buy"):
The Pivot Supertrend changes from red to green.
The SMA 8 crosses above the SMA 21.
The volume is above the MA 20, with green bars (indicating buying pressure).
The RSI is rising and, ideally, below 70 (not overbought).
Example: On the 4H chart, the price of Tether (USDT) is at 0.05515. The Pivot Supertrend turns green, the SMA 8 crosses above the SMA 21, the volume shows green bars above the MA 20, and the RSI is at 46. The UDX-5UP plots a "Buy".
Sell Signal ("Sell"):
The Pivot Supertrend changes from green to red.
The SMA 8 crosses below the SMA 21.
The volume is above the MA 20, with red bars (indicating selling pressure).
The RSI is falling and, ideally, above 70 (overbought).
Example: On the 4H chart, the price of Tether rises to 0.05817. The Pivot Supertrend turns red, the SMA 8 crosses below the SMA 21, the volume shows red bars, and the RSI is above 70. The UDX-5UP plots a "Sell".
RSI Divergences:
The indicator identifies bullish divergences (price makes a lower low, but RSI makes a higher low) and bearish divergences (price makes a higher high, but RSI makes a lower high), plotting alerts for potential reversals.
Adjustable Settings
The UDX-5UP is highly customizable to suit your trading style:
Pivot Supertrend Period: Default is 2. Increase to 3 or 4 for more conservative signals (fewer false positives, but more lag).
SMA Periods: Default is 8 and 21. Adjust to 5 and 13 for smaller timeframes (e.g., 5M) or 13 and 34 for larger timeframes (e.g., 1D).
RSI Period: Default is 14. Reduce to 10 for greater sensitivity or increase to 20 for smoother signals.
Overbought/Oversold Levels: Default is 70/30. Adjust to 80/20 in volatile markets.
Display Panels: You can enable/disable the volume and RSI panels to simplify the chart.
How to Use the UDX-5UP
Identify the Trend:
Use the Pivot Supertrend and SMAs to determine the market direction. Uptrend: look for buys. Downtrend: look for sells.
Confirm with Volume and RSI:
For buys: Volume above the MA 20 with green bars, RSI rising and below 70.
For sells: Volume above the MA 20 with red bars, RSI falling and above 70.
Enter the Trade:
Enter a buy when the UDX-5UP plots a "Buy" and all conditions are aligned.
Enter a sell when the UDX-5UP plots a "Sell" and all conditions are aligned.
Plan the Exit:
Use Fibonacci levels or support/resistance on the price chart to set targets.
Exit the trade when the UDX-5UP plots an opposite signal ("Sell" after a buy, "Buy" after a sell).
Tips for Beginners
Start with Larger Timeframes: Use the 4H or 1D chart for more reliable signals and less noise.
Combine with Other Indicators: Use the UDX-5UP with tools like Fibonacci or the Candles RSI (another powerful indicator) to confirm signals.
Practice in Demo Mode: Test the indicator in a demo account before using real money.
Manage Risk: Always use a stop-loss and don’t risk more than 1-2% of your capital per trade.
Why Use the UDX-5UP?
Simplicity: Clear "Buy" and "Sell" signals make trading accessible even for beginners.
Versatility: Works on any asset (crypto, forex, stocks) and timeframe.
Multiple Confirmations: Combines price, volume, and momentum to reduce false signals.
Customizable: Adjust the settings to match your trading style.
Author’s Notes
The UDX-5UP was developed based on years of trading and technical analysis experience. It is an evolution of tested strategies, designed to help traders navigate volatile markets with confidence. However, no indicator is infallible. Always combine the UDX-5UP with proper risk management and fundamental analysis, especially in unpredictable markets. Feedback is welcome – leave a comment or reach out with suggestions for improvements!
Comprehensive Trading Toolkit [BigBeluga]Trading Toolkit is a comprehensive indicator inspired by the trading strategies of the renowned crypto influencer Michaël van de Poppe . This tool combines RSI divergences, correction zones, and advanced support/resistance levels to provide traders with a robust framework for analyzing market movements.
🔵 Key Features:
RSI Divergences on Chart:
Automatically identifies and plots RSI divergences (bullish and bearish) directly on the main price chart.
Green lines indicate bullish divergences, suggesting potential upward reversals.
Red lines indicate bearish divergences, signaling possible downward movements.
Correction Boxes:
Traders typically define a correction as a drop in value of 10% or more. This drop can happen over a few hours or a few days. Also, it can last for less than 24 hours or many months.
This indicator visualizes corrections with blue shaded boxes, triggered by a percentage decline defined in the settings.
The boxes highlight sharp price drops, helping traders identify significant market movements quickly.
Advanced Support and Resistance Levels:
Dynamically detects key support and resistance levels based on price pivots.
When the price is above a level, it plots a green shaded area from the cross point, marking support.
When the price drops below a level, it plots a red shaded area, highlighting resistance.
Dashed lines indicate weaker levels, while solid lines represent stronger, more reliable levels.
🔵 Usage:
Identify Divergences: Use plotted RSI divergences to detect potential market reversals and align them with price action.
Analyze Correction Zones: Utilize correction boxes to evaluate significant price declines and find potential buying opportunities during these corrections.
Leverage Support and Resistance Levels: Confirm breakouts, reversals, or consolidation zones with the color-coded areas.
Enhance Risk Management: Combine divergences and correction zones to set informed stop-loss or take-profit levels.
Trading Toolkit empowers traders with actionable insights into market trends, corrections, and support/resistance dynamics, making it an invaluable tool for crypto and forex markets.
On Balance Volume Oscillator of Trading Volume TrendOn Balance Volume Oscillator of Trading Volume Trend
Introduction
This indicator, the "On Balance Volume Oscillator of Trading Volume Trend," is a technical analysis tool designed to provide insights into market momentum and potential trend reversals by combining the On Balance Volume (OBV) and Relative Strength Index (RSI) indicators.
Calculation and Methodology
* OBV Calculation: The indicator first calculates the On Balance Volume, which is a cumulative total of the volume of up days minus the volume of down days. This provides a running tally of buying and selling pressure.
* RSI of OBV: The RSI is then applied to the OBV values to smooth the data and identify overbought or oversold conditions.
* Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs): Two EMAs are calculated on the RSI of OBV. A shorter-term EMA (9-period in this case) and a longer-term EMA (100-period) are used to generate signals.
Interpretation and Usage
* EMA Crossovers: When the shorter-term EMA crosses above the longer-term EMA, it suggests increasing bullish momentum. Conversely, a downward crossover indicates weakening bullish momentum or increasing bearish pressure.
* RSI Divergences: Divergences between the price and the indicator can signal potential trend reversals. For example, if the price is making new highs but the indicator is failing to do so, it could be a bearish divergence.
* Overbought/Oversold Conditions: When the RSI of OBV is above 70, it suggests the market may be overbought and a potential correction could be imminent. Conversely, when it is below 30, it suggests the market may be oversold.
Visual Representation
The indicator is plotted on a chart with multiple lines and filled areas:
* Two EMAs: The shorter-term EMA and longer-term EMA are plotted to show the trend of the OBV.
* Filled Areas: The area between the two EMAs is filled with a color to indicate the strength of the trend. The color changes based on whether the shorter-term EMA is above or below the longer-term EMA.
* RSI Bands: Horizontal lines at 30 and 70 mark the overbought and oversold levels for the RSI of OBV.
Summary
The On Balance Volume Oscillator of Trading Volume Trend provides a comprehensive view of market momentum and can be a valuable tool for traders. By combining the OBV and RSI, this indicator helps identify potential trend reversals, overbought and oversold conditions, and the strength of the current trend.
Note: This indicator should be used in conjunction with other technical analysis tools and fundamental analysis to make informed trading decisions.
Aesthetic RSI [AlchimistOfCrypto]🌌 Aesthetic RSI – Unveiling the Fractal Forces of Markets 🌌
Category: Momentum Indicators 📈
"The RSI oscillator, formalized through an advanced mathematical prism, reveals the underlying fractal structures of price movements. This indicator draws inspiration from quantum principles of divergence-convergence where the probability of a return to equilibrium increases proportionally to the distance from the median point. Our implementation employs sophisticated algorithmic smoothing to filter out the stochastic noise inherent in financial markets, allowing visualization of the true momentum forces according to thermodynamic entropy principles applied to trading systems."
📊 Professional Trading Application
The Aesthetic RSI is a visually stunning and mathematically refined take on the classic Relative Strength Index. With customizable settings, advanced smoothing, and eight unique visual palettes, it empowers traders to detect momentum shifts and divergences with unparalleled clarity.
⚙️ Indicator Configuration
- Length 📏
The core parameter (default: 20) that determines the calculation period.
- Lower values (8-14): Increase sensitivity for short-term trading.
- Higher values (21-34): Provide stronger signals for position trading.
- OverBought/OverSold Thresholds 🎯
Customizable boundaries (default: 75/25) to identify extreme market conditions.
- Calibrate based on asset volatility: Higher volatility assets may need wider thresholds (80/20) to reduce false signals.
- Style 🎨
Eight meticulously crafted visual palettes optimized for pattern recognition:
- Miami Vice (default): High-contrast cyan/magenta scheme for spotting divergences.
- Cyberpunk: Yellow/purple combo to highlight momentum shifts.
- Classic: Traditional green/red for conventional analysis.
- High Contrast: Maximum visual separation for traders with visual impairments.
- Specialized palettes (Forest, Ocean, Fire, Monochrome): Tailored for diverse market conditions.
- Mode Selection 🔄
- Full: Displays a complete gradient spectrum across the RSI range, emphasizing momentum transitions between 35-65.
- OverZone: Focuses on actionable extreme zones, reducing noise in ranging markets.
🚀 How to Use
1. Adjust Length ⏰: Set the period based on your trading style (short-term or long-term).
2. Fine-Tune Thresholds 🎚️: Customize overbought/oversold levels to match the asset’s volatility.
3. Select a Palette 🌈: Choose a visual style that enhances your pattern recognition.
4. Choose Mode 🔍: Use "Full" for detailed momentum analysis or "OverZone" for extreme zone focus.
5. Spot Divergences ✅: Look for price-RSI divergences to anticipate reversals.
6. Trade with Precision 🛡️: Combine with other indicators for high-probability setups.
📅 Release Notes (April 2025)
Aesthetic RSI blends quantum-inspired mathematics with artistic visualization, redefining momentum analysis. Stay tuned for future enhancements! ✨
🏷️ Tags
#Trading #TechnicalAnalysis #RSI #Momentum #Divergence #MultiTimeframe #TradingStrategy #RiskManagement #Forex #Stocks #Crypto #Bitcoin #AlgoTrading #DayTrading #SwingTrading #TheAlchimist #QuantumTrading #VisualTrading #PatternRecognition
RSI Momentum Divergence Zones [ChartPrime]⯁ OVERVIEW
RSI Momentum Divergence Zones is a hybrid oscillator and chart overlay tool that detects RSI-based momentum divergences and projects them as key zones on the chart. By combining RSI divergence logic with horizontal level plotting, this indicator reveals high-probability support and resistance areas where price has historically reacted to hidden or classic divergences.
⯁ KEY FEATURES
Momentum-Based RSI Source:
Instead of the classic RSI input, this tool uses the momentum of price as the RSI source:
rsiSrc = ta.mom(close, 10)
This emphasizes acceleration and deceleration of price moves, sharpening divergence signals and making them more responsive to early shifts in momentum.
Automatic Divergence Detection (Optional):
When enabled, the indicator continuously scans for:
— Bullish Divergence : Price makes a Lower Low while RSI forms a Higher Low
— Bearish Divergence : Price makes a Higher High while RSI forms a Lower High
It ensures divergence is valid by checking the spacing between pivots (min 5, max 50 bars).
Divergence Labels & Markers (RSI Pane + Chart):
When a valid divergence is detected:
— On RSI pane:
Labels appear at HL/LH points (“Bull” / “Bear”)
Colored lines show pivot structures
— On price chart:
Labels (“▲ Bull” / “Bear ▼”) mark price pivot that triggered the divergence
Lines highlight the exact price level at the divergence origin
Divergence Zones / Levels (Toggleable):
The indicator projects horizontal zones across the chart based on confirmed divergence points.
These levels dynamically extend as long as price respects them, and auto-expire once broken.
They act as S/R levels created by market imbalance caused by divergence reactions.
Dynamic Zone Extension Logic:
Once plotted, divergence levels will extend to the right:
— If price respects the level, the zone keeps growing
— If broken in the opposite direction, the level stops extending and turns dashed (visually showing break)
Zone Layering and Limit Control:
You can limit the number of simultaneous zones shown on the chart (e.g., 10 most recent).
Old zones automatically expire and are removed to keep the chart clean and focused.
Color Customization and Intensity:
Different colors for bullish and bearish zones let you easily distinguish trend direction.
Background fill, line width, and transparency are all adjustable.
Clean Zone Management with Arrays:
Behind the scenes, the script uses custom divLevel type arrays to manage plotted levels, ensuring they stay up-to-date, extend correctly, and delete once invalidated.
⯁ USAGE
Use bullish divergence zones as potential demand areas and bearish ones as supply zones.
Combine RSI pane labels with price-level zones to confirm strength of reversal.
Watch for price approaching a divergence level to anticipate reactions or breakouts.
Use divergence levels as trade triggers, stop-loss guides, or take-profit markers.
Limit signal count using the “Qty Divergence Zones” setting to reduce chart clutter.
Enable divergence detection only when you want to focus on key structural zones — ideal for swing or positional setups.
⯁ CONCLUSION
RSI Momentum Divergence Zones blends oscillator divergence logic with price action structure to uncover hidden strength or weakness in the market. With flexible zone plotting and clean visual signals, this tool empowers traders to identify where momentum turns into structure — turning hidden signals into tradable edges.
Combo 4+ KDJ STO RSI EMA3 Visual Trend Pine V5@RL! English !
Combo 4+ KDJ STO RSI EMA3 Visual Trend Pine V5 @ RL
Combo 4+ KDJ STO RSI EMA3 Visual Trend Pine V5 @ RL is a visual trend following indicator that groups and combines four trend following indicators. It is compiled in PINE Script Version V5 language.
• STOCH: Stochastic oscillator.
• RSI Divergence: Relative Strength Index Divergence. RSI Divergence is a difference between a fast and a slow RSI.
• KDJ: KDJ Indicator. (trend following indicator).
• EMA Triple: 3 exponential moving averages (Default display).
This indicator is intended to help beginners (and also the more experienced ones) to trade in the right direction of the market trend. It allows you to avoid the mistakes of always trading against the trend.
The calculation codes of the different indicators used are standard public codes used in the usual TradingView coding for these indicators.
The STO indicator calculation script is taken from TradingView's standard STOCH calculation.
The RSI indicator calculation script is a replica of the one created by @Shizaru.
The KDJ indicator calculation script is a replica of the one created by @iamaltcoin.
The Triple EMA indicator calculation script is a replica of the one created by @jwilcharts.
This indicator can be configured to your liking. It can even be used several times on the same graph (multi-instance), with different configurations or display of another indicator among the four that compose it, according to your needs or your tastes.
A single plot, among the 4 indicators that make it up, can be displayed at a time, but either with its own trend or with the trend of the 4 (3 by default) combined indicators (sell=green or buy=red, background color).
Trend indications (potential sell or buy areas) are displayed as a background color (bullish: green or bearish: red) when at least three of the four indicators (3 by default and configurable from 1 to 4) assume that the market is moving in the same direction. These trend indications can be configured and displayed, either only for the signal of the selected indicator and displayed, or for the signals of the four indicators together and combined (logical AND).
You can tune the input, style and visibility settings of each indicator to match your own preferences or habits.
A 'buy stop' or 'sell stop' signal is displayed (layouts) in the form of a colored square (green for 'stop buy' and red for 'stop sell'. These 'stop' signals can be configured and displayed, either only for the indicator chosen, or for the four indicators together and combined (logical OR).
Note that the presence of a Stop Long signal cancels the background color of the Long trend (green).
Likewise, the presence of a Stop Short signal cancels out the background color of the Short trend (red).
It is also made up of 3 labels:
• Trend Label
• signal Stop Label (signals Stop buy or sell )
• Info Label (Names of Long / Short / Stop Long / Stop Short indicators, and / Open / Close / High / Low ).
Each label is configurable (visibility and position on the graph).
• Trend label: indicates the number of indicators suggesting the same trend (Long or Short) as well as a strength index (PWR) of this trend: For example: 3 indicators in Short trend, 1 indicator in Long trend and 1 indicator in neutral trend will give: PWR SHORT = 2/4. (3 Short indicators - 1 Long indicator = 2 Pwr Short). And if PWR = 0 then the display is "Wait and See". It also indicates which current indicator is displayed and the display mode used (combined 1 to 4 indicators or not combined ).
• Signal Stop Label: Indicates a possible stop of the current trend.
• Label Info (Simple or Full) gives trend info for each of the 4 indicators and OHLC info for the chart (in “Full” mode).
It is possible to display this indicator several times on a chart (up to 3 indicators max with the Basic TradingView Plan and more with the paid plans), with different configurations: For example:
• 1-Stochastic - 2/4 Combined Signals - no Label displayed
• 1-RSI - Combined Signals 3/4 - Stop Label only displayed
• 1-KDJ - Combined Signals 4/4 - the 3 Labels displayed
• 1-EMA'3 - Non-combined signals (EMA only) - Trend Label displayed
Some indicators have filters / thresholds that can be configured according to your convenience and experience!
The choice of indicator colors is suitable for a graph with a "dark" theme, which you will probably need to modify for visual comfort, if you are using a "Light" mode or a custom mode.
This script is an indicator that you can run on standard chart types. It also works on non-standard chart types but the results will be skewed and different.
Non-standard charts are:
• Heikin Ashi (HA)
• Renko
• Kagi
• Point & Figure
• Range
As a reminder: No indicator is capable of providing accurate signals 100% of the time. Every now and then, even the best will fail, leaving you with a losing deal. Whichever indicator you base yourself on, remember to follow the basic rules of risk management and capital allocation.
BINANCE:BTCUSDT
**********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
! Français !
Combo 4+ KDJ STO RSI EMA3 Visual Trend Pine V5@RL
Combo 4+ KDJ STO RSI EMA3 Visual Trend Pine V5@RL est un indicateur visuel de suivi de tendance qui regroupe et combine quatre indicateurs de suivi de tendance. Il est compilé en langage PINE Script Version V5.
• STOCH : Stochastique.
• RSI Divergence : Relative Strength Index Divergence. La Divergence RSI est une différence entre un RSI rapide et un RSI lent.
• KDJ : KDJ Indicateur. (indicateur de suivi de tendance).
• EMA Triple : 3 moyennes mobiles exponentielles (Affichage par défaut).
Cet indicateur est destiné à aider les débutants (et aussi les plus confirmé) à trader à dans le bon sens de la tendance du marché. Il permet d'éviter les erreurs qui consistent à toujours trader à contre tendance.
Les codes de calcul des différents indicateurs utilisés sont des codes publics standards utilisés dans le codage habituel de TradingView pour ces indicateurs !
Le script de calcul de l’indicateur STO est issu du calcul standard du STOCH de TradingView.
Le script de calcul de l’indicateur RSI Div est une réplique de celui créé par @Shizaru.
Le script de calcul de l’indicateur KDJ est une réplique de celui créé par @iamaltcoin.
Le script de calcul de l’indicateur Triple EMA est une réplique de celui créé par @jwilcharts
Cet indicateur peut être configuré à votre convenance. Il peut même être utilisé plusieurs fois sur le même graphique (multi-instance), avec des configurations différentes ou affichage d’un autre indicateur parmi les quatre qui le composent, selon vos besoins ou vos goûts.
Un seul tracé, parmi les 4 indicateurs qui le composent, peut être affiché à la fois mais, soit avec sa propre tendance soit avec la tendance des 4 (3 par défaut) indicateurs combinés (couleur de fond vente=vert ou achat=rouge).
Les indications de tendance (zones de vente ou d’achat potentielles) sont affichés sous la forme de couleur de fond (Haussier : vert ou baissier : rouge) lorsque au moins trois des quatre indicateurs (3 par défaut et configurable de 1 à 4) supposent que le marché évolue dans la même direction. Ces indications de tendance peuvent être configuré et affichés, soit uniquement pour le signal de l’indicateur choisi et affiché, soit pour les signaux des quatre indicateurs ensemble et combinés (ET logique).
Vous pouvez accorder les paramètres d’entrée, de style et de visibilité de chacun des indicateurs pour correspondre à vos propres préférences ou habitudes.
Un signal ‘stop achat’ ou ‘stop vente’ est affiché (layouts) sous la forme d’un carré de couleur (vert pour ‘stop achat’ et rouge pour ‘stop vente’. Ces signaux ‘stop’ peuvent être configuré et affichés, soit uniquement pour l’indicateur choisi, soit pour les quatre indicateurs ensemble et combinés (OU logique).
A noter que la présence d’un signal Stop Long annule la couleur de fond de la tendance Long (vert).
De même, la présence d’un signal Stop Short annule la couleur de fond de la tendance Short (rouge).
Il est aussi composé de 3 étiquettes (Labels) :
• Trend Label (infos de tendance)
• Signal Stop Label (signaux « Stop » achat ou vente)
• Infos Label (Noms des indicateurs Long/Short/Stop Long/Stop Short,
et /Open/Close/High/Low )
Chaque label est configurable (visibilité et position sur le graphique).
• Label Trend : indique le nombre d’indicateurs suggérant une même tendance (Long ou Short) ainsi qu’un indice de force (PWR) de cette tendance :
Par exemple : 3 indicateurs en tendance Short, 1 indicateur en tendance Long et 1 indicateur en tendance neutre donnera :
PWR SHORT = 2/4. (3 indicateurs Short – 1 indicateur Long=2 Pwr Short).
Et si PWR=0 alors l’affichage est « Wait and See » (Attendre et Observer).
Il indique aussi quel indicateur actuel est affiché et le mode d’affichage utilisé (combiné 1 à 4 indicateurs ou non combiné ).
• Signal Stop Label : Indique un possible arrêt de la tendance en cours.
• Infos Label (Simple ou complet) donne les infos de tendance de chacun des 4 indicateurs et les infos OHLC du graphique (en mode « Complet »).
Il est possible d’afficher ce même indicateur plusieurs fois sur un graphique (jusqu’à 3 indicateurs max avec le Plan Basic TradingView et plus avec les plans payants), avec des configurations différentes :
Par exemple :
• 1-Stochastique – Signaux Combinés 2/4 – aucun Label affiché
• 1-RSI – Signaux Combinés 3/4 – Label Stop uniquement affiché
• 1-KDJ – Signaux Combinés 4/4 – les 3 Labels affichés
• 1-EMA’3 - Signaux Non combinés (EMA seuls) – Trend Label affiché
Certains indicateurs ont des filtres/seuils (Thresholds) configurables selon votre convenance et votre expérience !
Le choix des couleurs de l’indicateur est adapté pour un graphique avec thème « sombre », qu’il vous faudra probablement modifier pour le confort visuel, si vous utilisez un mode « Clair » ou un mode personnalisé.
Ce script est un indicateur que vous pouvez exécuter sur des types de graphiques standard. Il fonctionne aussi sur des types de graphiques non-standard mais les résultats seront faussés et différents.
Les graphiques Non-standard sont :
• Heikin Ashi (HA)
• Renko
• Kagi
• Point & Figure
• Range
Pour rappel : Aucun indicateur n’est capable de fournir des signaux précis 100% du temps. De temps en temps, même les meilleurs échoueront, vous laissant avec une affaire perdante. Quel que soit l’indicateur sur lequel vous vous basez, n’oubliez pas de suivre les règles de base de gestion des risques et de répartition du capital.
BINANCE:BTCUSDT
Divergence Indicator [Trendoscope®]🎲 New Divergence Indicator by Trendoscope
Our latest Divergence Indicator revolutionizes the way traders identify market trends and potential reversals. Built upon the robust foundation of the Zigzag Trend Divergence Detector and inline with our recent implementation of the Divergence Goggles indicator, this tool is designed to be intuitive yet powerful, making it an essential addition to any trader's toolkit.
We received several queries on extending the Divergence Goggles to last N bars instead of using an interactive widget. Though it is possible, we thought the better approach is to enable the indicator to use any oscillator and trend indicator in order to define the divergence.
🎯 Key Features
Flexible Oscillator Integration : Choose from a wide range of built-in oscillators or import your own, including options like the innovative Multiband Oscillator. This versatility extends to using volume indicators like OBV for divergence calculations, broadening the scope of analysis.
Trend Identification Versatility : Utilize built-in methods like Zigzag and MA Difference, or integrate external trend indicators. Our system adapts to various methods, ensuring you have the right tools for precise trend identification.
Customizable Zigzag Sensitivity : Adjust the Zigzag based on your chosen oscillator's sensitivity to ensure divergence lines are accurate and visually coherent.
Repainting vs. Delayed Signals : Tailor the indicator to your strategy by choosing between immediate repainting signals and slightly delayed but more stable signals.
🎯 Understanding Divergence: Key Rules
Bullish Divergence
Happens only in downtrend
Observed on Pivot Lows
Price makes lower low whereas oscillator makes higher low, indicating weakness and possible reversal
Bearish Divergence
Happens only in uptrend
Observed on Pivot Highs
Price makes higher high whereas oscillator makes lower high, indicating weakness and possible reversal
Bullish Hidden Divergence
Happens only in uptrend
Observed on Pivot Lows
Price makes higher low, whereas indicator makes lower low due to price consolidation. In bullish trend, this is considered as bullish as the price gets a breather and get ready to surge further.
Bearish Hidden Divergence
Happens only in downtrend
Observed on Pivot Highs
Price makes lower high whereas oscillator makes higher high due to price consolidation. In bearish trend, this is considered as bearish as the price gets a breather and get ready to fall further.
🎯 Visual Insights: Divergence and Hidden Divergence
For a clearer understanding, refer to our visual guides:
🎲 Using the Divergence Indicator: A Step-by-Step Guide
🎯 Step 1 - Selecting the Oscillator
Customize your analysis by choosing from a variety of oscillators or importing your preferred one. Options are available to select a range of built-in oscillators and the loopback length. However, if the oscillator that user want to use is not in the list, they can simply load the oscillator from the indicator library and use it as an external signal.
In our current example, we are using a custom oscillator called - Multiband Oscillator
This also means, the indicator option is not limited to oscillators. Users can even make use of volume indicators such as OBV for the calculation of divergence.
🎯 Step 2 - Choosing the Trend Identification Method
Select from our built-in methods or integrate an external indicator to accurately identify market trends. Trend is one of the key parameters of divergence type identification. Trend can be identified mathematically by various methods. Some of them are as simple as above or below 200 moving average and some can follow trend based indicators such as supertrend and others can be very complex.
To cater for a wider audience, here too we have provided the option to use an external trend indicator. The simple condition for the external trend indicator is that it should return positive value for uptrend and negative value for downtrend.
Other than that, we also have 2 built in trend identification methods.
Zigzag - The trend is defined by the starting pivot of divergence line. If the starting pivot is Higher High or Higher Low, then it is considered uptrend. And if the starting pivot is either Lower Low or Lower High, then we consider it as downtrend.
MA Difference - In this case, the difference between the moving average of pivots joining the divergence line will determine the trend. It is considered uptrend if the moving average increased from starting pivot to ending pivot of the divergence line, and it is considered downtrend if the moving average decreased from starting pivot to the ending pivot of the divergence line.
🎯 Step 3 - Adjusting Zigzag Sensitivity
Fine-tune the Zigzag to match the oscillator's sensitivity, ensuring divergence lines are accurate and visually coherent.
🎯 Step 4 - Managing Repainting
Understand the implications of repainting in the last pivot of the Zigzag and choose between immediate or delayed signals based on your trading strategy. The last pivot of the zigzag repaint by design. This is not necessarily a bad thing. Users can just choose not to use the last pivot, but instead use the last but one for all the calculations. But, this also means, the signals will be delayed.
Indicator provides option to use repainting signal vs delayed signal. If you select the repaint option, the signals are shown immediately as and when they occur. But, there is a possibility that these signals change when the new price candles change zigzag pivot.
If you chose not to select the repaint option, then the divergence signals may lag by a few bars.
Triple RSI Indicator with ToggleThis script combines three relative strength index (RSI) indicators with different periods, and allows the user to toggle between them to generate overbought and oversold signals. The indicator is named "Triple RSI Indicator with Toggle" and has the short title "TRSI-T."
The input parameters for the RSI periods are set by the user and include a short RSI with a period of 5, a main RSI with a period of 14, and a long RSI with a period of 28. The overbought and oversold levels for each RSI can also be set by the user.
The script plots the three RSI lines on the chart and calculates a bar color based on the enabled RSI values. If all three RSI values are overbought, the bar color is set to fuchsia, if all three RSI values are oversold, the bar color is set to aqua, and if neither of these conditions is met, the bar color is set to not available.
The script also includes a fast RSI and an RSI exponential moving average (EMA) with adjustable periods. The RSI fast line is plotted along with the RSI EMA line, and a cloud fill is generated between the two lines. The fill color is based on whether the fast RSI line is above or below the RSI EMA line, with a blue color used for long signals and a pink color used for short signals.
This indicator can be used as part of a trading strategy in a number of ways. Here are a few examples:
Overbought and Oversold Signals: When the bar color of the indicator is fuchsia, it indicates that all three RSIs are overbought, and when the bar color is aqua, it indicates that all three RSIs are oversold. These signals can be used to enter a trade in the opposite direction, anticipating a reversal in price.
RSI Divergence: Traders can also look for divergences between the price and the RSI values. For example, if the price is making higher highs but the RSI values are making lower highs, it could indicate that the price trend is weakening and a reversal may be imminent. Conversely, if the price is making lower lows but the RSI values are making higher lows, it could indicate that the price trend is about to reverse.
RSI Cloud Signals: The cloud fill generated between the fast RSI and RSI EMA lines can be used to generate trading signals. When the fast RSI line is above the RSI EMA line and the fill color is blue, it can be a signal to go long. When the fast RSI line is below the RSI EMA line and the fill color is pink, it can be a signal to go short.
If anybody has some interesting thoughts on how to improve it, let me know!!
RSI Failure Swings & AO DivergencesHello!
The script identifies RSI divergences, similar to other public scripts; however, RSI failure swings are also distinguished. When a failure swing is identified, the script calculates the highest RSI measurement (bottom failure swing) or the lowest RSI measurement (top failure swing) between the two RSI pivot points. A continually updating line is plotted at the "fail point" until it is penetrated for two sessions! In addition, the script displays the RSI fail point measurement. RSI bearish divergences are only distinguished when both RSI peaks form above 70. bullish divergences are only distinguished when both RSI troughs form below 30. Top failure swings require the initial RSI peak be above 70, the second RSI peak can form at any measurement. Bottom failure swings require the initial RSI trough be below 30, the second RSI trough can form at any measurement.
Included are Awesome Oscillator divergences. The indicator is a bit tricky; the oscillator does not incorporate an upper or lower extremity. Consequently, the script uses interpolated percentiles to characterize relatively high measurements and relatively low measurements. Bearish divergences that form within the 90th - 99th percentile are distinguished, and bullish divergences that form within the 1 - 10th percentile are distinguished. This can CERTAINLY be changed should you copy the source code and think of something better! For AO, white columns reflect a difference measurement >= 0; black bars reflect a difference measurement < 0
(JS) Ultimate RSISo my goal here was to combine all of my RSI ideas into a single indicator in order to make kind of a "Swiss Army Knife" version of the Relative Strength Index ...
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So, let's begin with the first RSI indicator I made, which is the RSIDVW (Divergence/Volume Weighted);
To rephrase my original post, the "divergence/volume weighted" portion is meant to expand upon the current RSI format by adding more variables into the equation.
The standard RSI is based off one value that you select (open, close, OHLC4, HLC3, etc.) while this version takes three variables into account.
The default setting is to have RSI normal without anything added to it (Divergence Weight = 0)
1st - it takes the standard variable that RSI normally uses.
2nd - it factors RSI divergence by taking the RSI change % and price change % to form a ratio. Using this ratio, I duplicated the RSI formula and created a divergence RS to be factored in with the standard price RS .
3rd - it takes Relative Volume and amplifies/weakens the move based upon volume confirmation. (So if Relative Volume for a price bar is 1.0, the RSI plot would be the same as it normally would)
So to explain the parameters
- Relative Volume Length: This uses the RV length you specify to determine spikes in volume (or lack of volume ), which then is added into the formula to influence the strength of the RSI move
- RV x Divergence: This is how I calculated the original formula, but you can leave this unchecked to turn Relative Volume off, or apply elsewhere.
- RV x RS: There's two sides, Divergence RS and Standard RS - these check marks allow you to select which part you prefer to be multiplied by Relative Volume .
Checking neither turns off Relative Volume , while checking both amplifies its effects by placing it on both sides of the equation.
-Divergence Weight: This controls how much the DVW portion of the formula influences the RSI plot. As I referred to earlier, default is 0 making RSI normal. The Scale is 0-2, so 1.0 would be the same as 50%.
When I do have DVW on, I generally set it to 0.5
-SMA Divergence: To smooth, or not to smooth, that is the question. UJsing an SMA here is much smoother in my opinon, but leaving it unchecked runs it through an RMA the same way standard RSI is calculated.
-Show Fractal Channel: This allows you to see the whole fractal channel around the RSI (This portion of the code, compliments of the original Ricardo Santos fractal script)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The next portion of the script is adding a "Slow RSI"...
This is rather simple really, it allows you to add a second RSI plot so that you can watch for crossovers between fast and slow lines.
-Slow RSI: This turns on the second RSI Plot.
-Slow RSI Length: This determines the length of the second RSI Plot.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pivot Point RSI was something a friend of mine requested I make which turned out pretty cool, I thought... It is also available in this indicator.
-Pivot Points: Selecting this enables the rest of the pivot point related parts of the script
If Pivot Points isn't selected, none of the following things will work
-Plot Pivot: Plots the pivot point .
-Plot S1/R1: Plots S1/R1.
-Plot S2/R2: Plots S2/R2.
-Plot S3/R3: Plots S3/R3.
-Plot S4/R4: Plots S4/R4.
-Plot S5/R5: Plots S5/R5.
-Plot Halfway Points: Plots a line between each pivot .
-Show Pivot Labels: Shows the proper label for each pivot .
When using intraday charts, from a 15 minute interval or less the pivots are calculated based on a single days worth of price action, above that the distance expands.
Here are the current resolutions Pivot Points will work with:
Minutes - 1 , 2, 3, 5, 10, 13, 15, 20, 30, 39, 78, 130, 195
Hours - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Daily
Weekly
Currently not available on seconds or monthly
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Background Colors
Background Colors: I have six color schemes I created for this which can be toggled here (they can be edited).
Gray Background for Dark Mode: Having this on looks much better when using dark mode on your charts.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Now finally the last portion, Fibonacci Levels
-Fibonacci Levels: This is off, by default, which then uses the standard levels on RSI (30-50-70). When turned on, it removes these and marks fib levels from 0.146 through 0.886.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So the quick rundown:
Ultimate RSI contains "divergence/volume weighted" modifications, a slow RSI plot, pivot points , and Fibonacci levels all while auto-plotting divergence and having the trend illustrated in the background colors.
RSI has always been my "go to" indicator, so I hope you all enjoy this as much as I do!
RSX-D [ID: AC-P]The "AC-P" version of Jaggedsoft's RSX Divergence and Everget's RSX script is my personal customized version of RSX with the following additions and modifications:
LSMA-D line that averages in three LSMA components to form a composite, the LSMA-D line. Offset for the LSMA-D line is set to -2 to offset latency from averaging togther the LSMA components to form a composite - recommended to adjust to your timeframe and asset/pair accordingly.
Divergence component from JustUncle, RicardoSantos, and Neobutane divergence scripts
Crossover indication and alerts for Midline, and custom M1 and M2 levels for both RSX and the LSMA-D line from Daveatt's CCI Stochastic Script
EMA21/55 zone cross highlighting option
SMA9/EMA45 MA option from my RSI sma/ema Cu script
Libertus Divergences and Pivot labels from Jaggedsoft's RSX Divergence script are hidden/off by default
Designed for darkmode by default. Minor visual changes from Jaggedsoft's and Everget's script(s) for darkmode and visual aesthetic.
Please Note:
Divergences that use fractal-based detection logic, offset, or a combination of both generally have a 1-2 bar/candle lag. This is an INHERENT limitation of divergence detection with fractals and offsets. Divergences generally will have a higher strikerate on HTF than LTF due to the 1-2 bar lag. While I'm not going to rule out a programming solution or math construct/formula that attempts to alleivates the 1-2 bar lag for divergences, this script is not it - please keep that in mind when using divergence components with a fractal base and offset.
LSMA-D is a composite of three LSMA lines, all with offset options. Different lengths and Offset values can compensate/adjust for the smoothing/latency from RSX, but only up to a certain point. For each LSMA, the least square regression line is calculated for the previous time periods, so the idea is that with finely tuned adjustments, you can get crossover/crossunder signals from the RSX with the LSMA-D line that you simply can't get with the SMA9/EMA45 due to the already smoothed RSX.
The defaults for the RSX and various components for the LSMA-D here will MOSTLY LIKELY NOT WORK OR BE APPLICABLE to every timeframe and asset that you trade - adjust, backtest, and test accordingly. The defaults are here are MEANT to be adjusted to the asset class and timeframe that you are trading.
If you're not familiar with the LSMA, tradingview author Alexgrover has a few great scripts that go into detail how the LSMA works, in addition to different interpretations and implementations of the LSMA.
References/Acknowledgements:
//@version=4
// Copyright (c) 2019-present, Alex Orekhov (everget)
// Jurik RSX script may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
//
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Acknowledgements:
//---- Base script:
// RSX Divergence — SharkCIA by Jaggedsoft
//
// Jurik Moving Average by Everget
//
//---- Divergences/Signals:
// Libertus RSI Divergences
//
// Price Divergence Dectector V3 by JustUncle
//
// Price Divergence Detector V2 by RicardoSantos
//
// Stochastic RSI with Divergences by Neobutane
//
// CCI Stochastic by Daveatt
//
//---- Misc. Reference:
// RSI SMA/EMA Cu by Auroagwei
//
// CBCI Cu by Auroagwei
//
// Chop and explode by fhenry0331
//
// T-Step LSMA by RafaelZioni
//
// Scripts by Jaggedsoft for structure and formatting
// Scripts by Everget for structure and formatting
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// RSX-D v08
// Author: Auroagwei
// www.tradingview.com
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
Linh's Anomaly Radar v2What this script does
It’s an event detector for price/volume anomalies that often precede or confirm moves.
It watches a bunch of patterns (Wyckoff tests, squeezes, failed breakouts, turnover bursts, etc.), applies robust z-scores, optional trend filters, cooldowns (to avoid spam), and then fires:
A shape/label on the bar,
A row in the mini panel (top-right),
A ready-made alertcondition you can hook into.
How to add & set up (TradingView)
Paste the script → Save → Add to chart on Daily first (works on any TF).
Open Settings → Inputs:
General
• Use Robust Z (MAD): more outlier-resistant; keep on.
• Z Lookback: 60 bars is ~3 months; bump to 120 for slower regimes.
• Cooldown: min bars to wait before the same signal can fire again (default 5).
• Use trend filter: if on, “bullish” signals only fire above SMA(tfLen), “bearish” below.
Thresholds: fine-tune sensitivity (defaults are sane).
To create alerts: Right-click chart → Add alert
Condition: Linh’s Anomaly Radar v2 → choose a specific signal or Composite (Σ).
Options: “Once per bar close” (recommended).
Customize message if you want ticker/timeframe in your phone push.
The mini panel (top-right)
Signal column: short code (see cheat sheet below).
Fired column: a dot “•” means that on the latest bar this signal fired.
Score (right column): total count of signals that fired this bar.
Σ≥N shows your composite threshold (how many must fire to trigger the “Composite” alert).
Shapes & codes (what’s what)
Code Name (category) What it’s looking for Why it matters
STL Stealth Volume z(volume)>5 & ** z(return)
EVR Effort vs Result squeeze z(vol)>3 & z(TR)<−0.5 Heavy effort, tiny spread → absorption
TGV Tight+Heavy (HL/ATR)<0.6 & z(vol)>3 Tight bar + heavy tape → pro activity
CLS Accumulation cluster ≥3 of last 5 bars: up, vol↑, close near high Classic accumulation footprint
GAP Open drive failure Big gap not filled (≥80%) & vol↑ One-sided open stalls → fade risk
BB↑ BB squeeze breakout Squeeze (z(BBWidth)<−1.3) → close > upperBB & vol↑ Regime shift with confirmation
ER↑ Effort→Result inversion Down day on vol then next bar > prior high Demand overwhelms supply
OBV OBV divergence OBV slope up & ** z(ret20)
WER Wide Effort, Opposite Result z(vol)>3, close+1 Selling into strength / distribution
NS No-Supply (Wyckoff) Down bar, HL<0.6·ATR, vol << avg Sellers absent into weakness
ND No-Demand (Wyckoff) Up bar, HL<0.6·ATR, vol << avg Buyers absent into strength
VAC Liquidity Vacuum z(vol)<−1.5 & ** z(ret)
UTD UTAD (failed breakout) Breaks swing-high, closes back below, vol↑ Stop-run, reversal risk
SPR Spring (failed breakdown) Breaks swing-low, closes back above, vol↑ Bear trap, reversal risk
PIV Pocket Pivot Up bar; vol > max down-vol in lookback Quiet base → sudden demand
NR7 Narrow Range 7 + Vol HL is 7-bar low & z(vol)>2 Coiled spring with participation
52W 52-wk breakout quality New 52-wk close high + squeeze + vol↑ High-quality breakouts
VvK Vol-of-Vol kink z(ATR20,200)>0.5 & z(ATR5,60)<0 Long-vol wakes up, short-vol compresses
TAC Turnover acceleration SMA3 vol / SMA20 vol > 1.8 & muted return Participation surging before move
RBd RSI Bullish div Price LL, RSI HL, vol z>1 Exhaustion of sellers
RS↑ RSI Bearish div Price HH, RSI LH, vol z>1 Exhaustion of buyers
Σ Composite Count of all fired signals ≥ threshold High-conviction bar
Placement:
Triangles up (below bar) → bullish-leaning events.
Triangles down (above bar) → bearish-leaning events.
Circles → neutral context (VAC, VvK, Composite).
Key inputs (quick reference)
General
Use Robust Z (MAD): keep on for noisy tickers.
Z Lookback (lenZ): 60 default; 120 if you want fewer alerts.
Trend filter: when on, bullish signals require close > SMA(tfLen), bearish require <.
Cooldown: prevents repeated firing of the same signal within N bars.
Phase-1 thresholds (core)
Stealth: vol z > 5, |ret z| < 1.
EVR: vol z > 3, TR z < −0.5.
Tight+Heavy: (HL/ATR) < 0.6, vol z > 3.
Cluster: window=5, min=3 strong bars.
GapFail: gap/ATR ≥1.5, fill <80%, vol z > 2.
BB Squeeze: z(BBWidth)<−1.3 then breakout with vol z > 2.
Eff→Res Up: prev bar heavy down → current bar > prior high.
OBV Div: OBV uptrend + |z(ret20)|<0.3.
Phase-2 thresholds (extras)
WER: vol z > 3, close1.
No-Supply/No-Demand: tight bar & very light volume vs SMA20.
Vacuum: vol z < −1.5, |ret z|>1.5.
UTAD/Spring: swing lookback N (default 20), vol z > 2.
Pocket Pivot: lookback for prior down-vol max (default 10).
NR7: 7-bar narrowest range + vol z > 2.
52W Quality: new 52-wk high + squeeze + vol z > 2.
VoV Kink: z(ATR20,200)>0.5 AND z(ATR5,60)<0.
Turnover Accel: SMA3/SMA20 > 1.8 and |ret z|<1.
RSI Divergences: compare to n bars back (default 14).
How to use it (playbooks)
A) Daily scan workflow
Run on Daily for your VN watchlist.
Turn Composite (Σ) alert on with Σ≥2 or ≥3 to reduce noise.
When a bar fires Σ (or a fav combo like STL + BB↑), drop to 60-min to time entries.
B) Breakout quality check
Look for 52W together with BB↑, TAC, and OBV.
If WER/ND appear near highs → downgrade the breakout.
C) Spring/UTAD reversals
If SPR fires near major support and RBd confirms → long bias with stop below spring low.
If UTD + WER/RS↑ near resistance → short/fade with stop above UTAD high.
D) Accumulation basing
During bases, you want CLS, OBV, TGV, STL, NR7.
A pocket pivot (PIV) can be your early add; manage risk below base lows.
Tuning tips
Too many signals? Raise stealthVolZ to 5.5–6, evrVolZ to 3.5, use Σ≥3.
Fast movers? Lower bbwZthr to −1.0 (less strict squeeze), keep trend filter on.
Illiquid tickers? Keep MAD z-scores on, increase lookbacks (e.g., lenZ=120).
Limitations & good habits
First lenZ bars on a new symbol are less reliable (incomplete z-window).
Some ideas (VWAP magnet, close auction spikes, ETF/foreign flows, options skew) need intraday/external feeds — not included here.
Pine can’t “screen” across the whole market; set alerts or cycle your watchlist.
Quick troubleshooting
Compilation errors: make sure you’re on Pine v6; don’t nest functions in if blocks; each var int must be declared on its own line.
No shapes firing: check trend filter (maybe price is below SMA and you’re waiting for bullish signals), and verify thresholds aren’t too strict.
Strength of Divergence Across Multiple IndicatorsOverview:
One-stop shop for all your divergence needs, including:
(1) A single metric for divergence strength across multiple indicators.
(2) Labels that make it easy to spot where the truly strong divergence is by showing the overall divergence strength value along with the number of divergent indicators. Hovering over the label shows a breakdown of each divergent indicator and its individual divergence strength value.
(3) Fully customizable, including inputs for pivot lengths, divergence types, and weights for every component of the divergence strength calculation. This allows you to quickly and easily optimize the output for any chart. Don't worry, the default settings will have you covered if you're not interested in what's going on under the hood.
The Divergence Strength Calculation:
The total divergence strength value is the sum of the divergence strengths of all indicators for which divergence was detected at a given bar. Each indicator's individual divergence strength is comprised of two basic components: (1) |ΔPrice| - the magnitude of the change in price over the divergence period (pivot-to-pivot), and (2) |ΔIndicator| - the magnitude of the change in indicator value over the divergence period.
Because different indicators' scales and volatility can vary greatly, the Δ values are expressed in terms of standard deviation to ensure that the values are meaningful and equitable across all indicators and assets/instruments/currency pairs, etc:
|ΔIndicator| = |indicator_value_1 - indicator_value_2| / 2 * StDev(indicator_series,100)
Calculation Weights:
All components of the calculation are weighted and can be modified on the Inputs page in settings (weights are simply multipliers). For example, if you think hidden divergence should carry less weight than regular divergence, you can assign it a lesser weight. Or if you think RSI divergence is worth more than OBV divergence, you can adjust their weights accordingly. List of weights:
Regular divergence weight - default = 1
Hidden divergence weight - default = 1
ΔPrice weight - default = 0.5 (multiplied by the ΔPrice component)
ΔIndicator weight - default = 1.5 (multiplied by the ΔIndicator component)
RSI weight - default = 1.1
OBV weight - default = 0.8
MACD weight - default = 0.9
STOCH weight - default = 0.9
Development for additional indicators is ongoing, as is research into the optimal weight configuration(s).
Other Inputs:
Pivot lengths - specify the number of bars before and after each pivot high/low to consider it a valid candidate for divergence.
Lookback bars and Lookback pivots - specify the number of bars or the number of pivots to look back across.
Price sources - specify separate price sources for bullish and bearish divergence
Display settings - specify how lines and labels should display, including which divergence strength values should show the largest labels. Include/exclude specific divergence types and indicators.
Please report any bugs, or let me know if you have any enhancement suggestions or requests for additional indicators.
@reees
MA Divergences for any indicatorThis is a mod of Tistas mod of the default RSI divergences.
www.tradingview.com
This is a SMA that can be applied to any indicator for divergence seeking. This can be useful if you use a custom indicator script and want divergences added, or for any oscillator really. Set the length to 1 and it will mirror the oscillator in question.
Bull Bear Divergence IndicatorThe script is written for Constance Brown-like anayis with divergence signals between price and indicator (i.e. stock close / RSI divergence)
Note: Though the example here with NVDA shows good reversal predictions, best results generally are optained with un-normalized indicators and oscilators like CB#s comosite index.
(For Trading view written by LazyBear.) I use two different lines: an indi high line for baerish, and an indi low line for bullish divergences.
The script only shows divergences to pivot pairs next to each other, not between actual pivot and those "a few pivots ago"
For individual work, chose your indicator and replace rsi in line 10 with it, anything else is auto. Sript bottom: optional comparison lines addable.
RACZ-SIGNAL-V2.1RACZ-SIGNAL-V2.1 – Reactive Analytical Confluence Zones
Developed by: RACZ Trading
Indicator Type: Multi-Factor Confluence System
Overlay: Off (separate pane)
Purpose: Detect powerful trade opportunities through confluence of technical signals.
⸻
🔍 What is RACZ?
RACZ stands for Reactive Analytical Confluence Zones.
It’s a high-precision trading tool built for traders who rely on multi-signal confirmation, momentum alignment, and market structure awareness.
Rather than relying on a single technical metric, RACZ dynamically combines RSI, VWAP-RSI, Divergence, ADX, and Volume Analytics to produce a composite signal score from 0 to 12 — the higher the score, the stronger the signal.
⸻
🧠 How It Works – Core Components
1. RSI Analysis
• Detects momentum shifts.
• Compares RSI value to overbought (default: 67) and oversold (default: 33) thresholds.
• Adds points to Bullish or Bearish score.
2. VWAP-RSI
• Uses RSI based on VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price).
• Adds weight to signals influenced by volume-adjusted price movement.
3. Divergence Detection
• Detects potential reversal zones.
• Bullish Divergence: RSI crosses up from low zone.
• Bearish Divergence: RSI crosses down from high zone.
• Strong confluence signal when present.
4. ADX Dynamic Strength Filter
• Custom-calculated ADX (trend strength indicator).
• Uses a dynamic threshold derived from SMA of ADX over a lookback period, scaled by a factor (default 0.9).
• Ensures signals are only validated in strong trend environments.
5. Volume Z-Score
• Detects anomalies in volume behavior.
• Z-score applied to 20-period volume average & deviation.
• Labels spikes, drops, high/low volume conditions.
⸻
📊 Signal Scoring Logic
Each component (RSI, VWAP-RSI, Divergence, ADX) can score up to 3 points each.
• Bullish Score: Total from bullish alignment of each factor.
• Bearish Score: Total from bearish alignment of each factor.
• Signal Power = max(bullish, bearish)
📈 Signal Interpretation
• BUY: Bullish Score > Bearish Score
• SELL: Bearish Score > Bullish Score
• NEUTRAL: Scores are equal
• Signal power is plotted on a 0–12 histogram:
• 0–5 = Weak
• 6–8 = Medium
• 9–12 = Strong (High Confluence Zone)
🖥️ Live Status Panel (Top-Right Corner)
This real-time panel helps you break down the signal:Component
Value Explanation: RSI / VWAP / DIV / ADX
Shows points contributing to signal
SIGNAL: Current market bias (BUY, SELL, NEUTRAL)
VOLUME: Volume classification (Spike, Drop, High, Low, Normal)
Color-coded for quick interpretation.
✅ How to Use
1. Look at Histogram: Bars ≥6 suggest valid setups, especially ≥9.
2. Confirm Panel Agreement: Check which components are supporting the signal.
3. Validate Volume: Unusual spikes/drops often precede strong moves.
4. Follow Direction: Use BUY/SELL signals aligned with signal power and trend.
⸻
⚙️ Customizable Inputs
• RSI period, overbought/oversold levels
• VWAP-RSI period
• ADX period and dynamic threshold settings
• Fully adjustable to fit any trading style
⸻
🚀 Why Choose RACZ?
• Clarity: Scores & signals derived from multiple tools, not just one.
• Confluence Logic: Designed for traders who look for confirmation across indicators.
• Speed: Real-time responsiveness to changing market dynamics.
• Volume Awareness: Integrated volume intelligence gives a deeper edge.
⸻
⚠️ Disclaimer
This indicator is intended strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not financial advice and should not be used to make actual investment decisions. Always conduct your own research or consult with a licensed financial advisor before trading or investing. Use of this script is at your own risk.
RSI Screener and Divergence [5ema]
Displayed on the RSI chart according to a custom timeframe.
Displays the RSI tracking table of various timeframes.
Identify normal divergence, hidden divergence on RSI chat.
Show buy and sell signals (strong, weak) on the board.
Send notifications when RSI has a buy or sell signal.
-----
I reused some functions, made by (i believe that):
©paaax : The table position function.
@everget : The RSI divergence function.
@QuantNomad : The function calculated value and array to show on table for input symbols.
I have commented in my code. Thanks so much!
-----
How it works:
1. Input :
input.int length of RSI => calculate RSI.
input.int upper/lower => checking RSI overbought/oversold.
input.int right bars / left bars => returns price of the pivot low & high point => checking divergence.
input.int range upper / lower bars => compare the low & high point => checking divergence.
input.timeframe => request.security another time frame.
input.string table position => display screener table.
2. Input bool:
plot RSI on chart.
Plot Regular Bullish divergence .
Regular Bearish divergence.
Hidden Bullish divergence .
Hidden Bearish divergence.
3. Basic calculated:
Make function for RSI , pivot low & high point of RSI and price.
Request.security that function for earch time frame.
Result RSI, Divergence.
4. Condition of signal:
Buy condition:
RSI oversold (1)
Bullish divergence (2).
=> Buy if (1) and (2), review buy (1) or (2).
Sell condition:
RSI overbought (3).
Bearish divergence (4).
=> Sell if (3) and (4), review sell (3) or (4).
5. Table screener:
Time frame.
RSI (green - oversold, red - overbought)
Divergence (⬈⬈ - regular bullish , ⬊⬊ regular bearish , ⬊ - hidden bullish , ⬈ - hidden bearish ).
Signal (🟢 - Buy, 🔴 - sell, green 〇 - review buy, red 〇 - review sell)
----
This indicator is for reference only, you need your own method and strategy.
If you have any questions, please let me know in the comments.
