Rain On Me IndicatorFinally, we made it :D
Rain On Me Indicator, As the name suggests this indicator will make money rain on you. More seriously, this indicator contains :
This indicator contains:
-Bullish and bearish RSI divergences showing on chart with alerts.
-Parabolic SAR with Labels on chart with buying or selling alerts.
-3 Moving Average (MA 1 : 7, MA 2 : 21 MA 3 HIDDEN : 50 (Cross alerts for Pullback)
-Customizable Bollinger band
-Fibonacci on 10 levels with the level 0 to the middle. This Fibonacci help a lot since it can let you find easily entry/exit point, trend and even where to place your Take Profit and Stop Loss. It have alerts for most important levels (0.382, 0.§, 0.618) for Crossunder and Crossover in Bullish or Bearish trend.
-Fully Customizable Ichimoku Cloud.
-Trend Buy/Sell Labels on chart with buying or selling signal alerts.
-Trend color visible on candles.
If an alert trigger of Buy/Sell Signal with the same alert based on PSAR, so you can be confident to enter in position. Alway checking fibs level that is the key thing with this indicator. the script has been set to have the best possible results on as many market as possible. But.best result for zfter backtesting is on
Forex : EUR/USD, USDJPY, USDCAD.
Indice : S&P500, NASDAQ, DOWJONES
Commodities : OIL, WTI
Everything work on following timeframe :
15MN, 1H, 4H, DAILY, WEEKLY.
So that you can avoid having to set it again, whether it be in minutes, hours, days, months.
So you can easily trade in the mode that suits you best. It works well on everything from indices to forex to commodities etc. I thank all those who allowed me to carry out this project. IF you feelt free to give your ideas, suggestions, for improve it by sending me messages.
This is really a first version sp it may contain bugs / errors that will be fixed over time.
A BIG THANK YOU TO QUANTNOMAD WHO GIVE ME HIS PERMISSION TO USE, MODIFY AND REPUBLISH HIS "Ultimate Pivot Points Alerts" Script Indicator :
Good trade to all !
Cari dalam skrip untuk "ichimoku"
Kijun-Sen LineThe Kijun-Sen line is an indicator that helps to identify the trend; whether that's up or down.
When the line is...
Green - Market is in an uptrend
Red - Market is in a downtrend
Recommended settings: 20 - 37 (26 is best)
The Kijun-Sen line, otherwise known as Baseline is simply the middle price between the highest high & the lowest low over a given period of time.
Calculation: (Highest high + lowest low)/2 = Baseline (Kijun-Sen)
The Kijun-Sen line was developed by Japanese journalist, Goichi Hosoda in the late 1960s. It was part of an indicator called the Ichimoku Cloud, an entire trend-trading system developed by the journalist himself. In my opinion, the Kijun-Sen is the most important part of the system.
Special thanks to VP & his Nononsense Forex Youtube Channel!
Technical Analyst by DGTWho needs a Technical Analyst?
yes I can hear someone is asking for, and here is one that can help you with technical analysis
The analyst will present a technical anlaysis report at a glance calculated by the most popular technical indicators , and the good part, the anlayst will do it voluntarily
technical skills of the analyst:
- experienced an all markets
- ability to interpret moving averages
- ability to interpret volume changes
- ability to interpret trend folowing indicators such as:
* directional movement index (dmi), identify trend strength and trend direction
* complex ichimoku cloud , identify trend stregth, and tk crosses
- ability to interpret oscillators such as:
* relative strength index, identify oversold overbought levels, identify the rsi flow
* commodity channel index, identify oversold overbought levels
* awesome identify if grawing or falling
* macd if bullish or bearish, and macd histogram if grawing or falling
- ability to calculate probability and its trend
- non-stop hardworker,
- available 7/24,
- highly dedicated always on duty,
- open for new ideas and willing to learn
- upon request the analyst will create reports with custom settings of your choise
the analyst is not a decition maker, trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the analyst aims to help with the presented reports calculated by the most popular technical indicators
the analyst supports 9 of the popular technical indicators and is willing to learn more , please share your comments and feedbacks and help the analyst improve skills
cheers!
Disclaimer : The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitutes professional and/or financial advice. You alone the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
Gator RibbonThere's nothing fancy here--I just like the look of this one. And it works pretty well. This started out as the standard Alligator indicator. There I reset all the offsets to 0 and added an Ichimoku Cloudish fill.
Astute observers will notice a fourth line has been added at 34 SMA. It's a bit of a cheat. 34 SMA is the zero line of another classic B. Williams indicator, the Awesome Oscillator. When the green line crosses over 34 SMA, it's quite likely the Awesome Oscillator will have changed sentiment as well. It also makes a nice loose trailing stop loss reference if you're hoping to get into some long trends.
Price Distance to its MA by DGTPrices high above the moving average (MA) or low below it are likely to be remedied in the future by a reverse price movement as stated in an Article by Denis Alajbeg, Zoran Bubas and Dina Vasic published in International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management
Here comes a study to indicate the idea of this article, Price Distance to its Moving Averages (P/MA Ratio)
The analysis expressed in the paper indicates that there is a connection between the distance of the prices to moving averages and subsequent returns : portfolios of stocks with lower prices to moving averages generally outperformed portfolios of stocks with higher prices to moving averages. This “overextended” effect is more pronounced when using shorter moving averages of 20 and 50 days, and is especially strong in short-term holding periods like one and two weeks. The highest annual returns are recorded when buying in the range of 0-5% below shorter moving averages of 20/50 days, and 0-10% below longer moving averages of 100/200 days. However, buying very far below almost all moving averages on almost all holding periods produces the lowest returns.
The concept of this study recognizes three different modes of action.
In a clearly established upward trend traders should be buying when prices are near or below the MA line and selling when prices move too far above the MA.
Conversely, in downward trend stocks should be shorted when reaching or going above the moving average and covered when they drop too far below the MA line.
In a sideways movement traders are advised to buy if the price is too low below the moving average and sell when it goes too far above it
Short-term traders can expect to outperform in a one or two week time window if buying stocks with lower prices compared to their 20 and 50 SMA/EMA, one to two-week holding periods is quite high, ranging from 72,09% to 90,61% for the SMA(20, 50) and 85,03% to 87,5% for the EMA(20, 50). The best results for the SMA 20 and 50, on average, are concentrated in the region of 0-5% below the MA for the majority of holding periods. Buying very far below almost all MA in almost all holding periods turns out to be the worst possible option
Candle patterns, momentum could be used in conjunction with this indicator for better results. Try Colored DMI and Ichimoku colored SuperTrend by DGT
Trend Follow with 8/34 EMA and Stoch RSI for 1 Hour SPX
The script determines and plots entry points for 1 hour S&P index using 8/34 emas and stochastic RSI. When 8 ema above/below 34 ema up/down crosses of stochastic RSI are considered as long/short entries. Entry prices should be above/below high/low of the signal bars accordingly. Ichimoku cloud can be used as extra filtering.
All in 1 Indikator (MAs, GAP Indikator, BB, Clouds)This indicator provides:
-> up to 5 SMAs and EMAs at the same time.
-> HullMA
-> VWMA (Volume based MA)
-> Ichimoku Cloud
-> Parabolic SAR (for Trend analysis)
-> special 1. Add up to 2 Bollinger Bands (so you can add 2 BB at the same time with different standard deviations)
-> special 2. You also can add an GAP Indikator. The red and green lines you can see in the picture. This tool finds gap's in the btc cme chart for example and shows them to you
Ichi IndicatorAdds indicators when all of the Ichimoku indicators line up. Orange = buy, purple = short.
IKAKOver2change point
Improve the accuracy of reverse sign
Adding a signature using only RCI
変更点
逆張りのサインと順張りのサインを区別し、逆張りのサインは騙しができるだけ少なくなるように精度を上げました。
逆張りか順張りかは10emaと100emaの位置関係だけで区別しています。
また、RCIのみを利用した、レンジ相場用のサインを追加しました。
We have set a period such as EMA to use 5 minute bars and the first band is period 60 and 100 EMA . The color of the belt changes according to the position of the period 5EMA-25EMA-50EMA. The second sash is based on a 60- and 100-EMA period of 15 minutes. The change in the color of the obi is also a 15-minute specification.
Since the above period can be changed, I think that there are customs such as 1 hour and 4 hours.
Buying and selling signs are shown in green for buying and red for selling. (More frequent)
For the time being, it is also possible to display the Ichimoku balance table.
As for my usage method, when both the 15-minute and 5-minute bars have an uptrend (downtrend ), when each trading sign is confirmed, spread the limit just below the price. . (Because there is a commission in the market)
If the color of the obi becomes yellow, the trend may be over, so wait for the signature to reach the bundle of 15 minutes instead of 5 minutes, and after the signature is confirmed, it is the same as 5 minutes.
The loss cut line is often the latest low. Or when the obi is broken. .
I am still studying about profitability. Sometimes we use indicators, sometimes we reach the target horizon. I think each way is good.
It is a discretionary aid, and the head and tail are cut off, and the image is about 10 to 100 ＄.
Distance Oscillator - evoThis shows the distance to a moving average of your choice as histogram, you can select your moving average at input "Oscillator Source".
You need to have a plot on your chart (like EMA or anything else) so you can connect this indicator to it. I used Ichimoku Cloud's 20 period Conversion line (blue line) as example on the chart.
You can look for divergence on the histogram, that works because most moving averages follow price, they do not lead price. Which means if the distance gets smaller but the trend still continues, it may be a loss of momentum and often a sign for a reversal or pause.
I applied a moving average of the histogram, you can use this to wait for a cross to confirm divergence or can be useful to smooth signals a bit.
Of course you have to play around with it a little and see what works best for you, I have not tested all settings and timeframes.
IKAKOWe have set a period such as EMA to use 5 minute bars and the first band is period 60 and 100 EMA. The color of the belt changes according to the position of the period 5EMA-25EMA-50EMA. The second sash is based on a 60- and 100-EMA period of 15 minutes. The change in the color of the obi is also a 15-minute specification.
Since the above period can be changed, I think that there are customs such as 1 hour and 4 hours.
Buying and selling signs are shown in green for buying and red for selling. (More frequent)
For the time being, it is also possible to display the Ichimoku balance table.
As for my usage method, when both the 15-minute and 5-minute bars have an uptrend (downtrend ), when each trading sign is confirmed, spread the limit just below the price. . (Because there is a commission in the market)
If the color of the obi becomes yellow, the trend may be over, so wait for the signature to reach the bundle of 15 minutes instead of 5 minutes, and after the signature is confirmed, it is the same as 5 minutes.
The loss cut line is often the latest low. Or when the obi is broken. .
I am still studying about profitability. Sometimes we use indicators, sometimes we reach the target horizon. I think each way is good.
It is a discretionary aid, and the head and tail are cut off, and the image is about 10 to 100 ＄.
Dekidaka-Ashi - Candles And Volume Teaming Up (Again)The introduction of candlestick methods for market price data visualization might be one of the most important events in the history of technical analysis, as it totally changed the way to see a trading chart. Candlestick charts are extremely efficient, as they allow the trader to visualize the opening, high, low and closing price (OHLC) each at the same time, something impossible with a traditional line chart. Candlesticks are also cleaner than bars charts and make a more efficient use of space. Japanese peoples are always better than everyone at an incredible amount of stuff, look at what they made, the candlesticks/renko/kagi/heikin-ashi charts, the Ichimoku, manga, ecchi...
However classical candlesticks only include historical market price data, and won't include other type of data such as volume, which is considered by many investors a key information toward effective financial forecasting as volume is an indicator of trading activity. In order to tackle to this problem solutions where proposed, the most common one being to adapt the width of the candle based on the amount of volume, this method is the most commonly accepted one when it comes to visualizing both volume and OHLC data using candlesticks.
Now why proposing an additional tool for volume data visualization ? Because the classical width approach don't provide usable data regarding volume (as the width is directly related to the volume data). Therefore a new trading tool based on candlesticks that allow the trader to gain access to information about the volume is proposed. The approach is based on rescaling the volume directly to the price without the direct use of user settings. We will also see that this tool allow to create support and resistances as well as providing signals based on a breakout methodology.
Dekidaka-Ashi - Kakatte Koi Yo!
"Dekidaka" (出来高) mean "Volume" in a financial context, while "Ashi" (足) mean "leg" or "bar". In general methods based on candlesticks will have "Ashi" in their name.
Now that the name of the indicator has been explained lets see how it works, the indicator should be overlayed directly to a candlestick chart. The proposed method don't alter the shape of the candlesticks and allow to visualize any information given by the candles. As you can see on the figure below the candle body of the proposed tool only return the border of the candle, this allow to show the high/low wick of the candle.
The body size of the candle is based on two things : the absolute close/open difference, and the volume, if the absolute close/open difference is high and the volume is high then the body of the candle will be clearly visible, if the volume is high but the absolute close/open difference is low, then the body will be less visible. This approach is used because of the rescaling method used, the volume is divided by the sum between the current volume value and the precedent volume value, this rescale the volume in a (0,1) range, this result is multiplied by the absolute close/open difference and added/subtracted to the high/low price. The original approach was based on normalization using the rolling maximum, but this approach would have led to repainting.
You have access to certain settings that can help you obtain a better visualization, the first one being the body size setting, with higher values increasing the body amplitude.
In green body with size 2, in red with size 1. The smooth parameter will smooth the volume data before being used, this allow to create more visible bodies.
Here smooth = 100.
Making Bands From The Dekidaka-Ashi
This tool is made so it output two rescaled volume values, with the highest value being denoted as "Dekidaka-high" and the lowest one as "Dekidaka-low". In order to get bands we must use two moving averages, one using the Dekidaka-high as input and the other one using Dekidaka-low, the body size parameter should be fairly high, therefore i will hide the tool as it could cause trouble visualizing the bands.
Bands with both MA's of period 20 and the body size equal to 20. Larger periods of the MA's will require a larger amount of body size.
Breakout Signals
There is a wide variety of signals that can be made from candles, ones i personally like comes from the HA candles. The proposed tool is no exception and can produce a wide variety of signals. The signals generated are basic ones based on a breakout methodology, here is each signal with their associated label :
Strong Bullish signal "⇈" : The high price cross the Dekidaka-high and the closing price is greater than the opening price
Strong Bearish signal "⇊" : The low price cross the Dekidaka-low and the closing price is lower than the opening price
Weak Bullish signal "↑" : The high price cross the Dekidaka-high and the closing price is lower than the opening price
Weak Bearish signal "↓" : The low price cross the Dekidaka-low and the closing price is greater than the opening price
Uncertain "↕" : The high price cross the Dekidaka-high and the low price cross the the Dekidaka-low
In order to see the signals on the chart check the "Show signals" option. Note that such signals are not based on an advanced study, and even if they are based on a breakout methodology we can see that volatile movement rarely produce signals, therefore signals mostly occur during low volume/volatility periods, which isn't necessarily a great thing.
Conclusion
A trading tool based on candlesticks that aim to include volume information has been presented and a brief methodology has been introduced. A study of the signals generated is required, however i'am not confident at all on their accuracy, i could work on that in the future. We have also seen how to make bands from the tool.
Candlesticks remain a beautiful charting technique that can provide an enormous amount of information to the trader, and even if the accuracy of patterns based on candlesticks is subject to debates, we can all agree that candlesticks will remain the most widely used type of financial chart.
On a side note i mostly use a dark color for a bullish candle, and a light gray for a bearish candle, with the border color being of the same color as the bullish candle. This is in my opinion the best setup for a candlestick chart, as candles using the traditional green/red can kill the eyes and because this setup allow to apply a wide variety of colors to the plot of overlayed indicators without the fear of causing conflict with the candles color.
Thanks for reading ! :3 Nya
A Word
This morning i received some hateful messages on twitter, the users behind them certainly coming from tradingview, so lets be clear, i know i'am not the most liked person in this community, i know that perfectly, but no one merit to be receive hateful messages. I'am not responsible for the losses of peoples using my indicators, nor is tradingview, using technical indicators does not guarantee long term returns, your ability to be profitable will mostly be based on the quality and quantity of knowledge you have.
FilthyIchiEMAXIchiEMAX has been backtested giving some great results, using Ichimoku and a mix of EMA'S/SMA .
I use this for both Cryptocurrency and Forex Trading.
Ema/SmaX system i have studied and have found it is giving me the results i want very similar to all the wave trend indicators being used currently. I have now adde buy/sell signals on crosses and williams fractal.
Kijun Oscillator [-W-]Eng.
Kijun is one of the lines of the Ichimoku indicator.
The indicator shows the relative deviation of the price from this line.
This indicator can be used to determine divergences, market phases, and all that other oscillators show. )
Rus .
Kijun - одна из линий индикатора Ишимоку.
Индикатор показывает относительное отклонение цены от этой линии.
По этому индикатору можно определять дивергенции, фазы рынка и всё то, что показывают другие осцилляторы. )
Technical Analysis - Panel Info//A. Oscillators & B. Moving Averages base on TradingView's Technical Analysis by ThiagoSchmitz
//C.Pivot base on Ultimate Pivot Points Alerts by elbartt
//D. Summary & Panel info by anhnguyen14
Panel Info base on these indicators:
A. Oscillators
1. Rsi (14)
2. Stochastic (14,3,3)
3. CCI (20)
4. ADX (14)
5. AO
6. Momentum (10)
7. MACD (12,26)
8. Stoch RSI (3,3,14,14)
9. %R (14)
10. Bull bear
11. UO (7,14,28)
B. Moving Averages
1. SMA & EMA: 5-10-20-30-50-100-200
2. Ichimoku Cloud - Baseline (26)
3. Hull MA (9)
C. Pivot
1. Traditional
2. Fibonacci
3. Woodie
4. Camarilla
D. Summary
Sum_red=A_red+B_red+C_red
Sum_blue=A_blue+B_blue+C_blue
sell_point=(Sum_red/32)*100
buy_point=(Sum_blue/32)*100
sell =
Sum_red>Sum_blue
and sell_point>50
Strong_sell =
A_red>A_blue
and B_red>B_blue
and C_red>C_blue
and sell_point>50
and not crossunder(sell_point,75)
buy =
Sum_red>Sum_blue
and buy_point>50
Strong_buy =
A_red50
and not crossunder(buy_point,75)
neutral = not sell and not Strong_sell and not buy and not Strong_buy
Dr_All indicators V1.0Free users have many restrictions on their use in TradingView.
I put together a lot of indicators I use often.
5 moving average
1 parabolic SAR
1 bollinger band
1 ichimoku cloud
(but it's only cloud)
as always
It's open source.
enjoy!
Frankstein by Ben FrankFrankstein is my custom colors for The Ichimoku Cloud which is a collection of technical indicators that show support and resistance levels, as well as momentum and trend direction. It does this by taking multiple averages and plotting them on the chart. It also uses these figures to compute a "cloud" which attempts to forecast where the price may find support or resistance in the future.
I recommend using the parabolic Sar and CCI with The Frankstein
BTC 1D Alerts V1This script contains a variety of key indicator for bitcoin all-in-one and they can be activated individually in the menu. These are meant to be used on the 1D chart for Bitcoin.
1457 Day Moving Average: the bottom of the bitcoin price and arguably the rock bottom price target.
Ichimoku Cloud: a common useful indicator for bitcoin support and resistance.
350ma fibs (21 8 5 3 2 and 1.6) : Signify the tops of each logarthmic rise in bitcoin price. They are generally curving higher over the long term. For halvening #3, the predicted market crash would be after hitting the 350ma x3 fib. Also the 350 ma / 111 ma cross signifies bull market top within about 3 days as well. Using the combination of the 350ma fibs and the 350/111 crosses, reasonably identify when market top is about to occur.
50,120,200 ma: Common moving averages that bitcoin retests during bull market runs. Also, the 50/200 golden and death crosses.
1D EMA Superguppy Ribbons: green = bull market, gray is indeterminate, red = bear market. Very high specificity indicator of bull runs, especially for bitcoin. You can change to 3D candle for even more specificity for a bull market start. Use the 1W for even more specificity. 1D Superguppy is recommended for decisionmaking.
1W EMA21: a very good moving average programmed to be shown on both the daily and weekly candle time. Bitcoin commonly corrects to this repeatedly during past bull runs. Acts as support during bull run and resistance during a bear market.
Steps to identifying a bull market:
1. 50/200 golden cross
2. 1D EMA superguppy green
3. 3D EMA superguppy green (if you prefer more certainty than step 2).
4. Hitting the 1W EMA21 and bouncing off during the bull run signifies corrections.
Once a bull market is identified,
Additional recommended buying and selling techniques:
Indicators:
- Fiblines - to determine retracements from peaks (such as all time high or recent highs)
- Stochastic RSI - 1d, 3d, and 1W SRSI are great time to buy, especially the 1W SRSI which comes much less frequently.
- volumen consolidado - for multi exchange volumes compiled into a single line. I prefer buying on the lowest volume days which generally coincide with dips.
- MACD - somewhat dubious utility but many algorithms are programmed to buy or sell based on this.
Check out the Alerts for golden crosses and 350ma Fib crosses which are invaluable for long term buying planning.
I left this open source so that all the formulas can be understood and verified. Much of it hacked together from other sources but all indicators that are fundamental to bitcoin. I apologize in advance for not attributing all the articles and references... but then again I am making no money off of this anyway.
RSI ICHIMOKU CLOUDmain script written by ROBINHOODLAB
so the signal are done by cross up or down of the rsi and the CHIMOKU CLOUD
red circles are down
blue cross are up
alerts inside
SSL 4EMA Kinjun-Sen mnovo IndicatorFor thos who prefer Kinjun-Sen from the Ichimoku algo to use as your baseline.
Trade safe
mnovo
Litecoin Wizard (LTCUSD)Here is the complete market history of Litecoin available as an indicator.
Included are 2 simple moving averages and 2 exponential moving averages, as well as the Ichimoku cloud. You can deselect or configure them in the indicator settings.
Remember that this is an indicator! That means in order to see all the candles, you must apply it to a chart of an asset that is at least as old as the Litecoin data (October 2011). Here I use BNC:BLX, which is the complete Bitcoin market history.
Backtesting & Trading Engine [PineCoders]The PineCoders Backtesting and Trading Engine is a sophisticated framework with hybrid code that can run as a study to generate alerts for automated or discretionary trading while simultaneously providing backtest results. It can also easily be converted to a TradingView strategy in order to run TV backtesting. The Engine comes with many built-in strats for entries, filters, stops and exits, but you can also add you own.
If, like any self-respecting strategy modeler should, you spend a reasonable amount of time constantly researching new strategies and tinkering, our hope is that the Engine will become your inseparable go-to tool to test the validity of your creations, as once your tests are conclusive, you will be able to run this code as a study to generate the alerts required to put it in real-world use, whether for discretionary trading or to interface with an execution bot/app. You may also find the backtesting results the Engine produces in study mode enough for your needs and spend most of your time there, only occasionally converting to strategy mode in order to backtest using TV backtesting.
As you will quickly grasp when you bring up this script’s Settings, this is a complex tool. While you will be able to see results very quickly by just putting it on a chart and using its built-in strategies, in order to reap the full benefits of the PineCoders Engine, you will need to invest the time required to understand the subtleties involved in putting all its potential into play.
Disclaimer: use the Engine at your own risk.
Before we delve in more detail, here’s a bird’s eye view of the Engine’s features:
More than 40 built-in strategies,
Customizable components,
Coupling with your own external indicator,
Simple conversion from Study to Strategy modes,
Post-Exit analysis to search for alternate trade outcomes,
Use of the Data Window to show detailed bar by bar trade information and global statistics, including some not provided by TV backtesting,
Plotting of reminders and generation of alerts on in-trade events.
By combining your own strats to the built-in strats supplied with the Engine, and then tuning the numerous options and parameters in the Inputs dialog box, you will be able to play what-if scenarios from an infinite number of permutations.
USE CASES
You have written an indicator that provides an entry strat but it’s missing other components like a filter and a stop strategy. You add a plot in your indicator that respects the Engine’s External Signal Protocol, connect it to the Engine by simply selecting your indicator’s plot name in the Engine’s Settings/Inputs and then run tests on different combinations of entry stops, in-trade stops and profit taking strats to find out which one produces the best results with your entry strat.
You are building a complex strategy that you will want to run as an indicator generating alerts to be sent to a third-party execution bot. You insert your code in the Engine’s modules and leverage its trade management code to quickly move your strategy into production.
You have many different filters and want to explore results using them separately or in combination. Integrate the filter code in the Engine and run through different permutations or hook up your filtering through the external input and control your filter combos from your indicator.
You are tweaking the parameters of your entry, filter or stop strat. You integrate it in the Engine and evaluate its performance using the Engine’s statistics.
You always wondered what results a random entry strat would yield on your markets. You use the Engine’s built-in random entry strat and test it using different combinations of filters, stop and exit strats.
You want to evaluate the impact of fees and slippage on your strategy. You use the Engine’s inputs to play with different values and get immediate feedback in the detailed numbers provided in the Data Window.
You just want to inspect the individual trades your strategy generates. You include it in the Engine and then inspect trades visually on your charts, looking at the numbers in the Data Window as you move your cursor around.
You have never written a production-grade strategy and you want to learn how. Inspect the code in the Engine; you will find essential components typical of what is being used in actual trading systems.
You have run your system for a while and have compiled actual slippage information and your broker/exchange has updated his fees schedule. You enter the information in the Engine and run it on your markets to see the impact this has on your results.
FEATURES
Before going into the detail of the Inputs and the Data Window numbers, here’s a more detailed overview of the Engine’s features.
Built-in strats
The engine comes with more than 40 pre-coded strategies for the following standard system components:
Entries,
Filters,
Entry stops,
2 stage in-trade stops with kick-in rules,
Pyramiding rules,
Hard exits.
While some of the filter and stop strats provided may be useful in production-quality systems, you will not devise crazy profit-generating systems using only the entry strats supplied; that part is still up to you, as will be finding the elusive combination of components that makes winning systems. The Engine will, however, provide you with a solid foundation where all the trade management nitty-gritty is handled for you. By binding your custom strats to the Engine, you will be able to build reliable systems of the best quality currently allowed on the TV platform.
On-chart trade information
As you move over the bars in a trade, you will see trade numbers in the Data Window change at each bar. The engine calculates the P&L at every bar, including slippage and fees that would be incurred were the trade exited at that bar’s close. If the trade includes pyramided entries, those will be taken into account as well, although for those, final fees and slippage are only calculated at the trade’s exit.
You can also see on-chart markers for the entry level, stop positions, in-trade special events and entries/exits (you will want to disable these when using the Engine in strategy mode to see TV backtesting results).
Customization
You can couple your own strats to the Engine in two ways:
1. By inserting your own code in the Engine’s different modules. The modular design should enable you to do so with minimal effort by following the instructions in the code.
2. By linking an external indicator to the engine. After making the proper selections in the engine’s Settings and providing values respecting the engine’s protocol, your external indicator can, when the Engine is used in Indicator mode only:
Tell the engine when to enter long or short trades, but let the engine’s in-trade stop and exit strats manage the exits,
Signal both entries and exits,
Provide an entry stop along with your entry signal,
Filter other entry signals generated by any of the engine’s entry strats.
Conversion from strategy to study
TradingView strategies are required to backtest using the TradingView backtesting feature, but if you want to generate alerts with your script, whether for automated trading or just to trigger alerts that you will use in discretionary trading, your code has to run as a study since, for the time being, strategies can’t generate alerts. From hereon we will use indicator as a synonym for study.
Unless you want to maintain two code bases, you will need hybrid code that easily flips between strategy and indicator modes, and your code will need to restrict its use of strategy() calls and their arguments if it’s going to be able to run both as an indicator and a strategy using the same trade logic. That’s one of the benefits of using this Engine. Once you will have entered your own strats in the Engine, it will be a matter of commenting/uncommenting only four lines of code to flip between indicator and strategy modes in a matter of seconds.
Additionally, even when running in Indicator mode, the Engine will still provide you with precious numbers on your individual trades and global results, some of which are not available with normal TradingView backtesting.
Post-Exit Analysis for alternate outcomes (PEA)
While typical backtesting shows results of trade outcomes, PEA focuses on what could have happened after the exit. The intention is to help traders get an idea of the opportunity/risk in the bars following the trade in order to evaluate if their exit strategies are too aggressive or conservative.
After a trade is exited, the Engine’s PEA module continues analyzing outcomes for a user-defined quantity of bars. It identifies the maximum opportunity and risk available in that space, and calculates the drawdown required to reach the highest opportunity level post-exit, while recording the number of bars to that point.
Typically, if you can’t find opportunity greater than 1X past your trade using a few different reasonable lengths of PEA, your strategy is doing pretty good at capturing opportunity. Remember that 100% of opportunity is never capturable. If, however, PEA was finding post-trade maximum opportunity of 3 or 4X with average drawdowns of 0.3 to those areas, this could be a clue revealing your system is exiting trades prematurely. To analyze PEA numbers, you can uncomment complete sets of plots in the Plot module to reveal detailed global and individual PEA numbers.
Statistics
The Engine provides stats on your trades that TV backtesting does not provide, such as:
Average Profitability Per Trade (APPT), aka statistical expectancy, a crucial value.
APPT per bar,
Average stop size,
Traded volume .
It also shows you on a trade-by-trade basis, on-going individual trade results and data.
In-trade events
In-trade events can plot reminders and trigger alerts when they occur. The built-in events are:
Price approaching stop,
Possible tops/bottoms,
Large stop movement (for discretionary trading where stop is moved manually),
Large price movements.
Slippage and Fees
Even when running in indicator mode, the Engine allows for slippage and fees to be included in the logic and test results.
Alerts
The alert creation mechanism allows you to configure alerts on any combination of the normal or pyramided entries, exits and in-trade events.
Backtesting results
A few words on the numbers calculated in the Engine. Priority is given to numbers not shown in TV backtesting, as you can readily convert the script to a strategy if you need them.
We have chosen to focus on numbers expressing results relative to X (the trade’s risk) rather than in absolute currency numbers or in other more conventional but less useful ways. For example, most of the individual trade results are not shown in percentages, as this unit of measure is often less meaningful than those expressed in units of risk (X). A trade that closes with a +25% result, for example, is a poor outcome if it was entered with a -50% stop. Expressed in X, this trade’s P&L becomes 0.5, which provides much better insight into the trade’s outcome. A trade that closes with a P&L of +2X has earned twice the risk incurred upon entry, which would represent a pre-trade risk:reward ratio of 2.
The way to go about it when you think in X’s and that you adopt the sound risk management policy to risk a fixed percentage of your account on each trade is to equate a currency value to a unit of X. E.g. your account is 10K USD and you decide you will risk a maximum of 1% of it on each trade. That means your unit of X for each trade is worth 100 USD. If your APPT is 2X, this means every time you risk 100 USD in a trade, you can expect to make, on average, 200 USD.
By presenting results this way, we hope that the Engine’s statistics will appeal to those cognisant of sound risk management strategies, while gently leading traders who aren’t, towards them.
We trade to turn in tangible profits of course, so at some point currency must come into play. Accordingly, some values such as equity, P&L, slippage and fees are expressed in currency.
Many of the usual numbers shown in TV backtests are nonetheless available, but they have been commented out in the Engine’s Plot module.
Position sizing and risk management
All good system designers understand that optimal risk management is at the very heart of all winning strategies. The risk in a trade is defined by the fraction of current equity represented by the amplitude of the stop, so in order to manage risk optimally on each trade, position size should adjust to the stop’s amplitude. Systems that enter trades with a fixed stop amplitude can get away with calculating position size as a fixed percentage of current equity. In the context of a test run where equity varies, what represents a fixed amount of risk translates into different currency values.
Dynamically adjusting position size throughout a system’s life is optimal in many ways. First, as position sizing will vary with current equity, it reproduces a behavioral pattern common to experienced traders, who will dial down risk when confronted to poor performance and increase it when performance improves. Second, limiting risk confers more predictability to statistical test results. Third, position sizing isn’t just about managing risk, it’s also about maximizing opportunity. By using the maximum leverage (no reference to trading on margin here) into the trade that your risk management strategy allows, a dynamic position size allows you to capture maximal opportunity.
To calculate position sizes using the fixed risk method, we use the following formula: Position = Account * MaxRisk% / Stop% [, which calculates a position size taking into account the trade’s entry stop so that if the trade is stopped out, 100 USD will be lost. For someone who manages risk this way, common instructions to invest a certain percentage of your account in a position are simply worthless, as they do not take into account the risk incurred in the trade.
The Engine lets you select either the fixed risk or fixed percentage of equity position sizing methods. The closest thing to dynamic position sizing that can currently be done with alerts is to use a bot that allows syntax to specify position size as a percentage of equity which, while being dynamic in the sense that it will adapt to current equity when the trade is entered, does not allow us to modulate position size using the stop’s amplitude. Changes to alerts are on the way which should solve this problem.
In order for you to simulate performance with the constraint of fixed position sizing, the Engine also offers a third, less preferable option, where position size is defined as a fixed percentage of initial capital so that it is constant throughout the test and will thus represent a varying proportion of current equity.
Let’s recap. The three position sizing methods the Engine offers are:
1. By specifying the maximum percentage of risk to incur on your remaining equity, so the Engine will dynamically adjust position size for each trade so that, combining the stop’s amplitude with position size will yield a fixed percentage of risk incurred on current equity,
2. By specifying a fixed percentage of remaining equity. Note that unless your system has a fixed stop at entry, this method will not provide maximal risk control, as risk will vary with the amplitude of the stop for every trade. This method, as the first, does however have the advantage of automatically adjusting position size to equity. It is the Engine’s default method because it has an equivalent in TV backtesting, so when flipping between indicator and strategy mode, test results will more or less correspond.
3. By specifying a fixed percentage of the Initial Capital. While this is the least preferable method, it nonetheless reflects the reality confronted by most system designers on TradingView today. In this case, risk varies both because the fixed position size in initial capital currency represents a varying percentage of remaining equity, and because the trade’s stop amplitude may vary, adding another variability vector to risk.
Note that the Engine cannot display equity results for strategies entering trades for a fixed amount of shares/contracts at a variable price.
SETTINGS/INPUTS
Because the initial text first published with a script cannot be edited later and because there are just too many options, the Engine’s Inputs will not be covered in minute detail, as they will most certainly evolve. We will go over them with broad strokes; you should be able to figure the rest out. If you have questions, just ask them here or in the PineCoders Telegram group.
Display
The display header’s checkbox does nothing.
For the moment, only one exit strategy uses a take profit level, so only that one will show information when checking “Show Take Profit Level”.
Entries
You can activate two simultaneous entry strats, each selected from the same set of strats contained in the Engine. If you select two and they fire simultaneously, the main strat’s signal will be used.
The random strat in each list uses a different seed, so you will get different results from each.
The “Filter transitions” and “Filter states” strats delegate signal generation to the selected filter(s). “Filter transitions” signals will only fire when the filter transitions into bull/bear state, so after a trade is stopped out, the next entry may take some time to trigger if the filter’s state does not change quickly. When you choose “Filter states”, then a new trade will be entered immediately after an exit in the direction the filter allows.
If you select “External Indicator”, your indicator will need to generate a +2/-2 (or a positive/negative stop value) to enter a long/short position, providing the selected filters allow for it. If you wish to use the Engine’s capacity to also derive the entry stop level from your indicator’s signal, then you must explicitly choose this option in the Entry Stops section.
Filters
You can activate as many filters as you wish; they are additive. The “Maximum stop allowed on entry” is an important component of proper risk management. If your system has an average 3% stop size and you need to trade using fixed position sizes because of alert/execution bot limitations, you must use this filter because if your system was to enter a trade with a 15% stop, that trade would incur 5 times the normal risk, and its result would account for an abnormally high proportion in your system’s performance.
Remember that any filter can also be used as an entry signal, either when it changes states, or whenever no trade is active and the filter is in a bull or bear mode.
Entry Stops
An entry stop must be selected in the Engine, as it requires a stop level before the in-trade stop is calculated. Until the selected in-trade stop strat generates a stop that comes closer to price than the entry stop (or respects another one of the in-trade stops kick in strats), the entry stop level is used.
It is here that you must select “External Indicator” if your indicator supplies a +price/-price value to be used as the entry stop. A +price is expected for a long entry and a -price value will enter a short with a stop at price. Note that the price is the absolute price, not an offset to the current price level.
In-Trade Stops
The Engine comes with many built-in in-trade stop strats. Note that some of them share the “Length” and “Multiple” field, so when you swap between them, be sure that the length and multiple in use correspond to what you want for that stop strat. Suggested defaults appear with the name of each strat in the dropdown.
In addition to the strat you wish to use, you must also determine when it kicks in to replace the initial entry’s stop, which is determined using different strats. For strats where you can define a positive or negative multiple of X, percentage or fixed value for a kick-in strat, a positive value is above the trade’s entry fill and a negative one below. A value of zero represents breakeven.
Pyramiding
What you specify in this section are the rules that allow pyramiding to happen. By themselves, these rules will not generate pyramiding entries. For those to happen, entry signals must be issued by one of the active entry strats, and conform to the pyramiding rules which act as a filter for them. The “Filter must allow entry” selection must be chosen if you want the usual system’s filters to act as additional filtering criteria for your pyramided entries.
Hard Exits
You can choose from a variety of hard exit strats. Hard exits are exit strategies which signal trade exits on specific events, as opposed to price breaching a stop level in In-Trade Stops strategies. They are self-explanatory. The last one labelled When Take Profit Level (multiple of X) is reached is the only one that uses a level, but contrary to stops, it is above price and while it is relative because it is expressed as a multiple of X, it does not move during the trade. This is the level called Take Profit that is show when the “Show Take Profit Level” checkbox is checked in the Display section.
While stops focus on managing risk, hard exit strategies try to put the emphasis on capturing opportunity.
Slippage
You can define it as a percentage or a fixed value, with different settings for entries and exits. The entry and exit markers on the chart show the impact of slippage on the entry price (the fill).
Fees
Fees, whether expressed as a percentage of position size in and out of the trade or as a fixed value per in and out, are in the same units of currency as the capital defined in the Position Sizing section. Fees being deducted from your Capital, they do not have an impact on the chart marker positions.
In-Trade Events
These events will only trigger during trades. They can be helpful to act as reminders for traders using the Engine as assistance to discretionary trading.
Post-Exit Analysis
It is normally on. Some of its results will show in the Global Numbers section of the Data Window. Only a few of the statistics generated are shown; many more are available, but commented out in the Plot module.
Date Range Filtering
Note that you don’t have to change the dates to enable/diable filtering. When you are done with a specific date range, just uncheck “Date Range Filtering” to disable date filtering.
Alert Triggers
Each selection corresponds to one condition. Conditions can be combined into a single alert as you please. Just be sure you have selected the ones you want to trigger the alert before you create the alert. For example, if you trade in both directions and you want a single alert to trigger on both types of exits, you must select both “Long Exit” and “Short Exit” before creating your alert.
Once the alert is triggered, these settings no longer have relevance as they have been saved with the alert.
When viewing charts where an alert has just triggered, if your alert triggers on more than one condition, you will need the appropriate markers active on your chart to figure out which condition triggered the alert, since plotting of markers is independent of alert management.
Position sizing
You have 3 options to determine position size:
1. Proportional to Stop -> Variable, with a cap on size.
2. Percentage of equity -> Variable.
3. Percentage of Initial Capital -> Fixed.
External Indicator
This is where you connect your indicator’s plot that will generate the signals the Engine will act upon. Remember this only works in Indicator mode.
DATA WINDOW INFORMATION
The top part of the window contains global numbers while the individual trade information appears in the bottom part. The different types of units used to express values are:
curr: denotes the currency used in the Position Sizing section of Inputs for the Initial Capital value.
quote: denotes quote currency, i.e. the value the instrument is expressed in, or the right side of the market pair (USD in EURUSD ).
X: the stop’s amplitude, itself expressed in quote currency, which we use to express a trade’s P&L, so that a trade with P&L=2X has made twice the stop’s amplitude in profit. This is sometimes referred to as R, since it represents one unit of risk. It is also the unit of measure used in the APPT, which denotes expected reward per unit of risk.
X%: is also the stop’s amplitude, but expressed as a percentage of the Entry Fill.
The numbers appearing in the Data Window are all prefixed:
“ALL:” the number is the average for all first entries and pyramided entries.
”1ST:” the number is for first entries only.
”PYR:” the number is for pyramided entries only.
”PEA:” the number is for Post-Exit Analyses
Global Numbers
Numbers in this section represent the results of all trades up to the cursor on the chart.
Average Profitability Per Trade (X): This value is the most important gauge of your strat’s worthiness. It represents the returns that can be expected from your strat for each unit of risk incurred. E.g.: your APPT is 2.0, thus for every unit of currency you invest in a trade, you can on average expect to obtain 2 after the trade. APPT is also referred to as “statistical expectancy”. If it is negative, your strategy is losing, even if your win rate is very good (it means your winning trades aren’t winning enough, or your losing trades lose too much, or both). Its counterpart in currency is also shown, as is the APPT/bar, which can be a useful gauge in deciding between rivalling systems.
Profit Factor: Gross of winning trades/Gross of losing trades. Strategy is profitable when >1. Not as useful as the APPT because it doesn’t take into account the win rate and the average win/loss per trade. It is calculated from the total winning/losing results of this particular backtest and has less predictive value than the APPT. A good profit factor together with a poor APPT means you just found a chart where your system outperformed. Relying too much on the profit factor is a bit like a poker player who would think going all in with two’s against aces is optimal because he just won a hand that way.
Win Rate: Percentage of winning trades out of all trades. Taken alone, it doesn’t have much to do with strategy profitability. You can have a win rate of 99% but if that one trade in 100 ruins you because of poor risk management, 99% doesn’t look so good anymore. This number speaks more of the system’s profile than its worthiness. Still, it can be useful to gauge if the system fits your personality. It can also be useful to traders intending to sell their systems, as low win rate systems are more difficult to sell and require more handholding of worried customers.
Equity (curr): This the sum of initial capital and the P&L of your system’s trades, including fees and slippage.
Return on Capital is the equivalent of TV’s Net Profit figure, i.e. the variation on your initial capital.
Maximum drawdown is the maximal drawdown from the highest equity point until the drop . There is also a close to close (meaning it doesn’t take into account in-trade variations) maximum drawdown value commented out in the code.
The next values are self-explanatory, until:
PYR: Avg Profitability Per Entry (X): this is the APPT for all pyramided entries.
PEA: Avg Max Opp . Available (X): the average maximal opportunity found in the Post-Exit Analyses.
PEA: Avg Drawdown to Max Opp . (X): this represents the maximum drawdown (incurred from the close at the beginning of the PEA analysis) required to reach the maximal opportunity point.
Trade Information
Numbers in this section concern only the current trade under the cursor. Most of them are self-explanatory. Use the description’s prefix to determine what the values applies to.
PYR: Avg Profitability Per Entry (X): While this value includes the impact of all current pyramided entries (and only those) and updates when you move your cursor around, P&L only reflects fees at the trade’s last bar.
PEA: Max Opp . Available (X): It’s the most profitable close reached post-trade, measured from the trade’s Exit Fill, expressed in the X value of the trade the PEA follows.
PEA: Drawdown to Max Opp . (X): This is the maximum drawdown from the trade’s Exit Fill that needs to be sustained in order to reach the maximum opportunity point, also expressed in X. Note that PEA numbers do not include slippage and fees.
EXTERNAL SIGNAL PROTOCOL
Only one external indicator can be connected to a script; in order to leverage its use to the fullest, the engine provides options to use it as either an entry signal, an entry/exit signal or a filter. When used as an entry signal, you can also use the signal to provide the entry’s stop. Here’s how this works:
For filter state: supply +1 for bull (long entries allowed), -1 for bear (short entries allowed).
For entry signals: supply +2 for long, -2 for short.
For exit signals: supply +3 for exit from long, -3 for exit from short.
To send an entry stop level with an entry signal: Send positive stop level for long entry (e.g. 103.33 to enter a long with a stop at 103.33), negative stop level for short entry (e.g. -103.33 to enter a short with a stop at 103.33). If you use this feature, your indicator will have to check for exact stop levels of 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 and their negative counterparts, and fudge them with a tick in order to avoid confusion with other signals in the protocol.
Remember that mere generation of the values by your indicator will have no effect until you explicitly allow their use in the appropriate sections of the Engine’s Settings/Inputs.
An example of a script issuing a signal for the Engine is published by PineCoders.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO ASPIRING SYSTEM DESIGNERS
Stick to higher timeframes. On progressively lower timeframes, margins decrease and fees and slippage take a proportionally larger portion of profits, to the point where they can very easily turn a profitable strategy into a losing one. Additionally, your margin for error shrinks as the equilibrium of your system’s profitability becomes more fragile with the tight numbers involved in the shorter time frames. Avoid <1H time frames.
Know and calculate fees and slippage. To avoid market shock, backtest using conservative fees and slippage parameters. Systems rarely show unexpectedly good returns when they are confronted to the markets, so put all chances on your side by being outrageously conservative—or a the very least, realistic. Test results that do not include fees and slippage are worthless. Slippage is there for a reason, and that’s because our interventions in the market change the market. It is easier to find alpha in illiquid markets such as cryptos because not many large players participate in them. If your backtesting results are based on moving large positions and you don’t also add the inevitable slippage that will occur when you enter/exit thin markets, your backtesting will produce unrealistic results. Even if you do include large slippage in your settings, the Engine can only do so much as it will not let slippage push fills past the high or low of the entry bar, but the gap may be much larger in illiquid markets.
Never test and optimize your system on the same dataset , as that is the perfect recipe for overfitting or data dredging, which is trying to find one precise set of rules/parameters that works only on one dataset. These setups are the most fragile and often get destroyed when they meet the real world.
Try to find datasets yielding more than 100 trades. Less than that and results are not as reliable.
Consider all backtesting results with suspicion. If you never entertained sceptic tendencies, now is the time to begin. If your backtest results look really good, assume they are flawed, either because of your methodology, the data you’re using or the software doing the testing. Always assume the worse and learn proper backtesting techniques such as monte carlo simulations and walk forward analysis to avoid the traps and biases that unchecked greed will set for you. If you are not familiar with concepts such as survivor bias, lookahead bias and confirmation bias, learn about them.
Stick to simple bars or candles when designing systems. Other types of bars often do not yield reliable results, whether by design (Heikin Ashi) or because of the way they are implemented on TV (Renko bars).
Know that you don’t know and use that knowledge to learn more about systems and how to properly test them, about your biases, and about yourself.
Manage risk first , then capture opportunity.
Respect the inherent uncertainty of the future. Cleanse yourself of the sad arrogance and unchecked greed common to newcomers to trading. Strive for rationality. Respect the fact that while backtest results may look promising, there is no guarantee they will repeat in the future (there is actually a high probability they won’t!), because the future is fundamentally unknowable. If you develop a system that looks promising, don’t oversell it to others whose greed may lead them to entertain unreasonable expectations.
Have a plan. Understand what king of trading system you are trying to build. Have a clear picture or where entries, exits and other important levels will be in the sort of trade you are trying to create with your system. This stated direction will help you discard more efficiently many of the inevitably useless ideas that will pop up during system design.
Be wary of complexity. Experienced systems engineers understand how rapidly complexity builds when you assemble components together—however simple each one may be. The more complex your system, the more difficult it will be to manage.
Play! . Allow yourself time to play around when you design your systems. While much comes about from working with a purpose, great ideas sometimes come out of just trying things with no set goal, when you are stuck and don’t know how to move ahead. Have fun!
@LucF
NOTES
While the engine’s code can supply multiple consecutive entries of longs or shorts in order to scale positions (pyramid), all exits currently assume the execution bot will exit the totality of the position. No partial exits are currently possible with the Engine.
Because the Engine is literally crippled by the limitations on the number of plots a script can output on TV; it can only show a fraction of all the information it calculates in the Data Window. You will find in the Plot Module vast amounts of commented out lines that you can activate if you also disable an equivalent number of other plots. This may be useful to explore certain characteristics of your system in more detail.
When backtesting using the TV backtesting feature, you will need to provide the strategy parameters you wish to use through either Settings/Properties or by changing the default values in the code’s header. These values are defined in variables and used not only in the strategy() statement, but also as defaults in the Engine’s relevant Inputs.
If you want to test using pyramiding, then both the strategy’s Setting/Properties and the Engine’s Settings/Inputs need to allow pyramiding.
If you find any bugs in the Engine, please let us know.
THANKS
To @glaz for allowing the use of his unpublished MA Squize in the filters.
To @everget for his Chandelier stop code, which is also used as a filter in the Engine.
To @RicardoSantos for his pseudo-random generator, and because it’s from him that I first read in the Pine chat about the idea of using an external indicator as input into another. In the PineCoders group, @theheirophant then mentioned the idea of using it as a buy/sell signal and @simpelyfe showed a piece of code implementing the idea. That’s the tortuous story behind the use of the external indicator in the Engine.
To @admin for the Volatility stop’s original code and for the donchian function lifted from Ichimoku .
To @BobHoward21 for the v3 version of Volatility Stop .
To @scarf and @midtownsk8rguy for the color tuning.
To many other scripters who provided encouragement and suggestions for improvement during the long process of writing and testing this piece of code.
To J. Welles Wilder Jr. for ATR, used extensively throughout the Engine.
To TradingView for graciously making an account available to PineCoders.
And finally, to all fellow PineCoders for the constant intellectual stimulation; it is a privilege to share ideas with you all. The Engine is for all TradingView PineCoders, of course—but especially for you.
Look first. Then leap.
