Instant Breakout Strategy with RSI & VWAPInstant Breakout Strategy with RSI & VWAP
This TradingView strategy (Pine Script v6) trades breakouts using pivot points, with optional filters for volume, momentum, RSI, and VWAP. It’s optimized for the 1-second timeframe.
Overview
The strategy identifies breakouts when price crosses above resistance (pivot highs) or below support (pivot lows). It can use basic pivot breakouts or add filters for stronger signals. Take-profit and stop-loss levels are set using ATR, and signals are shown on the chart.
Inputs
Left/Right Pivot Bars: Bars to detect pivots (default: 3). Lower values increase sensitivity.
Volume Surge Multiplier: Volume threshold vs. 20-period average (default: 1.5).
Momentum Threshold: Minimum % price change from bar open (default: 1%).
Take-Profit ATR Multiplier: ATR multiplier for take-profit (default: 9.0).
Stop-Loss ATR Multiplier: ATR multiplier for stop-loss (default: 1.0).
Use Filters: Enable/disable volume, momentum, RSI, and VWAP filters (default: off).
How It Works
1. Pivot Detection
Finds pivot highs (resistance) and lows (support) using ta.pivothigh and ta.pivotlow.
Tracks the latest pivot levels.
2. Volume Surge
Compares current volume to a 20-period volume average.
A surge occurs if volume exceeds the average times the multiplier.
3. Momentum
Measures price change from the bar’s open.
Bullish: Price rises >1% from open.
Bearish: Price falls >1% from open.
4. RSI and VWAP
RSI: 3-period RSI. Above 50 is bullish; below 50 is bearish.
VWAP: Price above VWAP is bullish; below is bearish.
5. ATR
14-period ATR sets take-profit (close ± atr * 9.0) and stop-loss (close ± atr * 1.0).
Trading Rules
Breakout Conditions
Bullish Breakout:
Price crosses above the latest pivot high.
With filters: Volume surge, bullish momentum, RSI > 50, price > VWAP.
Without filters: Only the crossover is needed.
Bearish Breakout:
Price crosses below the latest pivot low.
With filters: Volume surge, bearish momentum, RSI < 50, price < VWAP.
Without filters: Only the crossunder is needed.
Entries and Exits
Long: Enter on bullish breakout. Set take-profit and stop-loss. Close any short position.
Short: Enter on bearish breakout. Set take-profit and stop-loss. Close any long position.
Visuals
Signals: Green triangles (bullish) below bars, red triangles (bearish) above bars.
Pivot Levels: Green line (resistance), red line (support).
Indicators: RSI (blue, separate pane), VWAP (purple, on chart).
How to Use
Apply to a 1-second chart in TradingView for best results.
Adjust inputs (e.g., pivot bars, multipliers). Enable filters for stricter signals.
Watch for buy/sell triangles and monitor RSI/VWAP.
Use ATR-based take-profit/stop-loss for risk management.
Notes
Best on 1-second timeframe due to fast RSI and responsiveness.
Disable filters for more signals (less confirmation).
Backtest before live trading to check performance.
This strategy uses pivots, volume, momentum, RSI, and VWAP for clear breakout trades on the 1-second timeframe.
Penunjuk dan strategi
AYUSH ALGO TRAGING STRATEGY TEST VERSION 1)Very good strategy , it uses two moving avg crossovers and also rsi and atr for confirmation, this strategy is fully automated
RSI-MACD-trade"Strategic trading strategy using RSI and MASCD
Highest returns when applied to weekly charts"
US100 Liquidity Precision StrategyScalping strategy 5-10 point sl / 17 points tp
Automatic BE
Consistent money over time
Triple EMA Trend TP Strategy (Filtered Entries + Dynamic Exit)Overview
The Triple EMA Trend TP Strategy is a robust trend-following approach designed for clear, disciplined entries and exits. It leverages a triple EMA crossover for entry signals, combined with a long‑term SMA trend filter, a fixed take‑profit percentage, and a dynamic dual‑EMA exit mechanism to optimize performance and risk management.
Key Features
Triple EMA Crossover Entry
Detects momentum shifts by waiting for the fast EMA to cross above the slow EMA, signaling bullish momentum buildup.
Trend Filter (SMA)
Ensures trades are only taken when price is above the long-term trend (SMA), filtering out low-probability setups.
Take Profit (TP)
Applies a customizable fixed TP, e.g., defaulting to 9.8%, allowing disciplined profit-taking.
Dual EMA Exit
Uses two EMAs on a separate exit logic—if the short exit EMA undercuts the mid exit EMA, the strategy closes the position.
Adjustable Parameters
All key lengths—including fast, mid, slow entry EMAs, trend SMA, exit EMAs, and TP percentage—are user-configurable to suit different assets and timeframes.
Date Range Control
Users can define a backtest window with start and end dates, preventing misleading performance outside intended periods.
Flexible Position Management
Supports full‑equity position sizing, pyramiding up to 10 entries, and runs every tick for high precision.
Setup & Inputs
fastLen: Entry Fast EMA
midLen: Entry Mid EMA
slowLen: Entry Slow EMA
trendLen: Trend Filter SMA
tpPercent: Take Profit Percentage
exitFastLen: Exit Fast EMA
exitMidLen: Exit Mid EMA
startDate / endDate: Backtest time range
Why This Strategy Stands Out
This strategy marries classic trend-following principles with modern risk-control tactics, making it both intuitive and advanced. It balances aggressive entry signals with safety checks via trend validation and layered exit logic. The inclusion of a TP ensures profits are locked in, while the dual EMA exit adds adaptive flexibility to close positions when momentum fades.
How to Use & Customize
Configure Inputs
Adjust EMAs, trend length, and TP percentage to fit your asset and timeframe. For example, shorter EMAs suit intraday trading; longer ones work well for swing strategies.
Set Backtest Range
Use the start/end date fields to limit your testing to the most relevant data, reducing noise from irrelevant market periods.
Backtest & Optimize
Review the Strategy Tester’s performance metrics—Equity curve, drawdown, profit factor, trade list—to assess effectiveness.
Fine‑Tune
Tweak TP, EMAs, or trend length to optimize drawdowns, win rate, or return profile.
PowerTrend Pro Strategy – Gold OptimizedTired of false signals on Gold?
PowerTrend Pro combines VWAP, Supertrend, RSI, and smart MA filters with trailing stops & break-even logic to deliver high-probability trades on XAUUSD.
PowerTrend Pro Strategy is a professional-grade trading system designed to capture high-probability swing and intraday opportunities on XAUUSD (Gold) and other volatile markets.
🔑 Core Features
VWAP Anchoring – institutional fair value reference to filter trades.
Supertrend (ATR-based) – adaptive trend filter tuned for Gold’s volatility.
Multi-Timeframe RSI – confirms momentum alignment across intraday and higher timeframe.
EMA + SMA Combo – ensures trades follow strong directional bias, reducing false signals.
Dynamic Risk Management
Adjustable Take Profit / Stop Loss (%)
Trailing Stop that locks in profits on extended moves
Break-Even Logic (stop loss moves to entry once price is in profit)
⚡ Gold-Tuned Presets
XAUUSD 1H → tighter TP/SL & faster entries for active intraday trading.
XAUUSD 4H → wider ATR filter & trailing stops to capture bigger swings.
Generic Mode → works on Forex, Indices, and Crypto (fully customizable).
🎯 Why It Works
Gold is notoriously volatile — quick spikes wipe out weak strategies. PowerTrend Pro solves this by combining:
✅ Institutional bias (VWAP)
✅ Adaptive trend filter (Supertrend)
✅ Momentum confirmation (RSI MTF)
✅ Robust trend structure (EMA + SMA)
✅ Smart exits (TP, SL, trailing & breakeven)
This multi-layer confirmation makes entries stronger and keeps risk under control.
🛠️ Usage
Add the strategy to your chart.
Choose a preset (XAUUSD 1H, 4H, or Generic).
Run Strategy Tester for performance metrics.
Optimize TP/SL and ATR values for your broker & market conditions.
🔥 Pro Tip: Combine this strategy with a session filter (London/NY overlap) or volume confirmation to boost accuracy in Gold.
Stoch TraderSimple example strategy that has greater than 60% win rate on 1m, 3m, and 5m views. Using something as simple as this with leverage can produce decent returns within 15-30min. It's also very easy to lose money doing this.
M1 Countertrend Scalping (Best-effort)M1 Countertrend Scalping (Best-effort)
M1 Countertrend Scalping (Best-effort)
Range FinderRange Finder Strategy for TradingView
Overview
The Range Finder Strategy is a sophisticated trading system designed for forex and cryptocurrency markets, leveraging dynamic range detection, wick-based rejection patterns, and EMA confluence to execute high-probability trades. This strategy identifies key price ranges using pivot points and triggers trades when price rejects from these boundaries with significant wick formations, aligning with the broader market trend as confirmed by EMA crossovers. It incorporates robust risk management, customizable parameters, and visual aids for clear trade visualization, making it suitable for both manual and automated trading on platforms like Bitget via webhook alerts.
Strategy Components
1. Dynamic Range Detection
Pivot Points: The strategy identifies range boundaries using pivot highs and lows, calculated with a user-defined Pivot Length (default: 5 bars left/right). These pivots mark significant swing points, defining the upper (range high) and lower (range low) boundaries of the price range.
Visualization: The range high is plotted as an orange line, and the range low as a purple line, using a broken line style (plot.style_linebr) to show only confirmed pivot levels, providing a clear visual of the trading range.
2. Wick-Based Rejection Pattern
Wick Detection: The strategy looks for rejection candles at the range boundaries, characterized by significant wicks. A wick is considered valid if its size is at least the user-defined Wick to Body Ratio (default: 1.1, or 10% larger than the candle body).
Sell Signal: Triggered when the high exceeds the range high, the candle closes bearish (close < open), and the upper wick meets the ratio requirement.
Buy Signal: Triggered when the low falls below the range low, the candle closes bullish (close > open), and the lower wick meets the ratio requirement.
Purpose: These wicks indicate strong rejection at key levels, often signaling a reversal back into the range, providing high-probability entry points.
3. EMA Trend Confirmation
EMA Calculation: Uses two Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) calculated on a user-selectable timeframe (default: 5-minute):
EMA 200: Long-term trend indicator (plotted in red).
EMA 50: Short-term trend indicator (plotted in green).
Crossover Logic:
A bullish trend is confirmed when the EMA 50 crosses above the EMA 200 (ema_trend_up = true).
A bearish trend is confirmed when the EMA 50 crosses below the EMA 200 (ema_trend_down = true).
Confluence Requirement: Trades are only executed when the wick rejection aligns with the EMA trend (e.g., sell signals require close < ema200 and bearish trend; buy signals require close > ema200 and bullish trend).
4. Risk Management
Position Sizing: Calculated based on the user-defined Account Balance (default: $10,000) and Risk Per Trade (default: 2%). The position size is determined as risk_amount / stop_distance, where stop_distance is derived from the Average True Range (ATR, default period: 14).
Stop Loss (SL): Set using an ATR-based multiplier (SL Multiplier, default: 9.0). For sells, SL is placed above the high; for buys, below the low.
Take Profit (TP): Set using an ATR-based multiplier (TP Multiplier, default: 6.0) scaled by the Risk:Reward Ratio (default: 6.0), ensuring a favorable reward-to-risk profile.
Example: For a $10,000 account with 2% risk, if ATR is 0.5, the position size is 400 units, with SL and TP dynamically adjusted to market volatility.
5. Trade Execution
Sell Entry: Triggered on a wick rejection above the range high, with bearish EMA confluence (ema_trend_down and close < ema200). Enters a short position with calculated SL and TP.
Buy Entry: Triggered on a wick rejection below the range low, with bullish EMA confluence (ema_trend_up and close > ema200). Enters a long position with calculated SL and TP.
Exit Logic: Uses strategy.exit to set SL and TP levels, closing trades when either is hit.
6. Visual Feedback
Lines and Labels: Upon trade entry, the strategy plots:
Red SL line and label (e.g., "SL: 123.45").
Green TP line and label (e.g., "TP: 120.00").
Entry line (red for sell, green for buy) labeled with "Sell (Range Rejection)" or "Buy (Range Rejection)".
Customization: Users can adjust the Line Length (default: 25 bars) for how long lines persist and Label Position (left or right) for optimal chart visibility.
7. Alert Conditions
Webhook Integration: Generates alerts for Bitget webhook integration, providing JSON-formatted messages with trade details (action, contracts, market position, size, price, symbol, and timestamp).
Usage: Traders can set up automated trading by connecting these alerts to trading bots or platforms supporting webhooks.
Pivot Distance Strategy# Multi-Timeframe Pivot Distance Strategy
## Core Innovation & Originality
This strategy revolutionizes moving average crossover trading by applying MA logic to **pivot distance relationships** instead of raw price data. Unlike traditional MA crossovers that react to price changes, this system reacts to **structural momentum changes** in how current price relates to recent significant pivot levels, creating earlier signals with fewer false positives.
## Methodology & Mathematical Foundation
### Pivot Distance Oscillator
The strategy calculates:
- **High Pivot Percentage**: (Current Close / Last Pivot High) × 100
- **Low Pivot Percentage**: (Last Pivot Low / Current Close) × 100
- **Pivot Distance**: High Pivot Percentage - Low Pivot Percentage
This creates a standardized oscillator measuring market structure compression/expansion regardless of asset price or volatility.
### Multi-Timeframe Filter
Higher timeframe analysis provides directional bias:
- **HTF Long** → Allow long entries, force short exits
- **HTF Short** → Allow short entries, force long exits
- **HTF Squeeze** → Block all entries, force all exits
## Signal Generation Methods
### Method 1: Dual MA Crossover (Primary/Default)
**Fast MA (14 EMA)** and **Slow MA (50 SMA)** applied to pivot distance values:
- **Long Signal**: Fast MA crosses above Slow MA (accelerating bullish pivot momentum)
- **Short Signal**: Fast MA crosses below Slow MA (accelerating bearish pivot momentum)
**Key Advantage**:
- Traditional: Fast MA(price) crosses Slow MA(price) - reacts to price changes
- This Strategy: Fast MA(pivot distance) crosses Slow MA(pivot distance) - reacts to structural changes
- Result: Earlier signals, better trend identification, fewer ranging market whipsaws
### Method 2: MA Cross Zero
- **Long**: Pivot Distance MA crosses above zero
- **Short**: Pivot Distance MA crosses below zero
### Method 3: Pivot Distance Breakout (Squeeze-Based)
Uses dynamic threshold envelopes to detect compression/expansion cycles:
- **Long**: Distance breaks above dynamic breakout threshold after squeeze
- **Short**: Distance breaks below negative breakout threshold after squeeze
**Note**: Only the Breakout method uses threshold envelopes; MA Cross modes operate without them for cleaner signals.
## Risk Management Integration
- **ATR-Based Stops**: Entry ± (ATR × Multiplier) for stops/targets
- **Trailing Stops**: Dynamic adjustment based on profit thresholds
- **Cooldown System**: Prevents overtrading after stop-loss exits
## How to Use
### Setup (Default: MA Cross MA)
1. **Strategy Logic**: "MA Cross MA" for structural momentum signals
2. **MA Settings**: 14 EMA (fast) / 50 SMA (slow) - both adjustable
3. **Multi-Timeframe**: Enable HTF for trend alignment
4. **Risk Management**: ATR stop loss, ATR take profit
### Signal Interpretation
- **Blue/Purple lines**: Fast/Slow MAs of pivot distance
- **Green/Red histogram**: Positive/negative pivot distance
- **Triangle markers**: MA crossover entry signals
- **HTF display**: Shows higher timeframe bias (top-left)
### Trade Management
- **Entry**: Clean MA crossover with HTF alignment
- **Exit**: Opposite crossover, HTF change, or risk management triggers
## Unique Advantages
1. **Structural vs Price Momentum**: Captures market structure changes rather than just price movement, naturally filtering noise
2. **Multi-Modal Flexibility**: Three signal methods for different market conditions or strategies
3. **Timeframe Alignment**: HTF filtering improves win rates by preventing counter-trend trades
Close Above/Below Prev 2 Candle Strategy (Any Timeframe)Title: Close Above/Below Previous 2 Candle Strategy (Any Timeframe)
Description:
This strategy identifies potential breakout and trend continuation signals by analyzing the closing price relative to the highs and lows of the previous two candles. It works on any chart timeframe, making it versatile for intraday, swing, and daily trading.
How it works:
Long Entry (Bullish Signal): Triggered when the current candle closes above the highs of the previous two candles.
Short Entry (Bearish Signal): Triggered when the current candle closes below the lows of the previous two candles.
Visual Indicators:
Green triangles above the bar indicate bullish signals.
Red triangles below the bar indicate bearish signals.
Strategy Features:
Works on any timeframe, from 1-minute charts to daily/weekly charts.
Configurable risk/reward ratio for automatic stop-loss and take-profit levels.
Alerts trigger immediately when the condition is met, helping traders react to potential breakouts.
Provides clean visual signals for easy chart reading and decision-making.
Benefits:
Reduces noise by focusing on candle close confirmations.
Versatile and suitable for intraday, swing, and long-term trading.
Easy to combine with other indicators or strategies.
Close Above/Below Prev 2 Candle (Daily Close)This strategy identifies potential trend continuation or breakout signals by analyzing the daily candle closes relative to the previous two daily candles. It generates clear alerts and trade signals only after the daily candle has fully closed, reducing false intraday triggers.
How it works:
Long Entry (Bullish Signal): Triggered when the daily candle closes above the highs of the previous two daily candles.
Short Entry (Bearish Signal): Triggered when the daily candle closes below the lows of the previous two daily candles.
Visual Indicators: Green triangles indicate bullish signals, red triangles indicate bearish signals.
Strategy Features:
Optional long and short entries with configurable risk/reward ratio.
Automatic stop-loss and take-profit calculation based on candle structure.
Works on intraday charts using daily candle analysis.
Alerts:
Alerts trigger only after the daily candle closes above/below the previous two daily candles.
Helps traders receive precise notifications for potential breakout trades.
Benefits:
Reduces noise by using daily candle closes.
Easy to integrate with other swing or trend strategies.
Provides clear visual and alert signals for both bullish and bearish setups.
Momentum Breakout StrategyBacktest a strategy where, when a candlestick on a timeframe rises more than a certain %, it enters a trade.
Aura Trail Bitcoin H1 StrategyAuraTrail Bitcoin H1 Strategy is a meticulously crafted trend-following system designed for the Bitcoin H1 timeframe. It leverages powerful candlestick patterns and robust trailing stop logic to identify and capitalize on sustained market movements, while actively managing risk.
Strategy Logic
Signal Identification: The strategy's core is based on classic reversal candlestick patterns: the Hammer for bullish entry signals and the Shooting Star for bearish signals. It waits for the confirmation of these patterns on the previous bar.
Long Entry: A long trade is initiated when a confirmed Hammer pattern appears. The entry is placed as a pending order at the high of the previous day, aiming to enter the trade only if the bullish momentum continues.
Short Entry: A short trade is triggered upon a confirmed Shooting Star pattern. The entry is a pending order at the low of the previous day, designed to capture further downside movement.
Risk Management: The initial stop-loss is calculated based on the previous day's open and bar range. The strategy then uses a dynamic Trailing Stop based on a combination of short-term (45-period) and long-term (95-period) Average True Range (ATR) to lock in profits as the trade moves favorably.
Money Management: Position size is dynamically adjusted based on a configurable multiplier, which can be tailored to manage pyramiding or scaling into a position, ensuring controlled risk exposure.
Parameters
Initial Lots: Defines the starting position size for the first trade.
Lot Multiplier: Adjusts position size for subsequent entries in a pyramiding sequence.
Trailing Stop Coefficient: A multiplier for ATR to set the trailing stop distance.
Trailing Activation Coefficient: A multiplier for ATR to determine when the trailing stop becomes active.
Profit Target %: Defines a percentage gain for profit-taking.
Setup
Timeframe: 1-Hour (H1)
Asset: Bitcoin, also suitable for other volatile assets with clear candlestick patterns and trending behavior.
Three-Step 9:30 Range Scalping# Three-Step 9:30 Range Scalping Strategy Rules
## Step 1: Mark the Levels (9:30 AM)
- Wait for the **first 5-minute candle** starting at 9:30 AM EST to close
- Mark the **HIGH** and **LOW** of this candle
- Switch to **1-minute chart** for trading
## Step 2: Find Your Entry (Trade for 1 hour only: 9:30-10:30 AM)
### BREAK Entry
- Need: **Fair Value Gap (FVG)** + **ANY** of the 3 FVG candles closes outside the range
- FVG = Gap between candle wicks (3-candle pattern)
### TRAP Entry
- Need: Break outside range → Retest back inside → Close back outside again
### REVERSAL Entry
- Need: Failed break in one direction → Opposite FVG back into the range
## Step 3: Trade Management
### Stop Loss:
- **Break/Trap**: Low/High of first candle that closed outside the range
- **Reversal**: Low/High of first candle in the FVG pattern
### Take Profit:
- **Always 2:1 risk-to-reward ratio**
- If you risk $100, you make $200
## Key Rules:
- ✅ **Body close** outside range (not just wicks)
- ✅ Trade on **1-minute chart** only
- ✅ Only trade **first hour** (9:30-10:30 AM EST)
- ✅ **Fixed 2:1** take profit every time
- ✅ One strategy, stay consistent
**That's it. No complicated indicators, no higher timeframe bias, no guesswork.**
NEW ETH Futures Auto Buyer with Auto Fib by Govindthis script is on the bases of fb retracements . and also showing signal on chart
Scalping Line Strategy📌 Scalping Line Strategy – A Precision Crossover System
🔎 Overview
The Scalping Line Strategy is a short-term trading system built around the concept of momentum-driven crossovers between a smoothed moving average filter and a fast signal line. It is designed for scalpers and intraday traders who seek clear entry signals, minimal lag, and adaptive filtering to fit volatile market conditions.
At its core, the strategy uses a custom signal line ("Scalping Line"), which is derived from the difference between a double-smoothed moving average and a shorter-period signal line. Trade entries are triggered when this Scalping Line crosses above or below zero, providing a clean and rules-based framework for both long and short setups.
⚙️ Core Logic
Main Trend Filter – A double-smoothed moving average is calculated over a configurable period (default 100). This reduces noise and provides a more robust backbone for scalping signals.
Percent-Based Filter – To avoid false signals, a customizable percentage filter adjusts how closely the system “respects” price deviations from the moving average. This helps filter out insignificant fluctuations.
Signal Line – A shorter-period simple moving average (default 7) provides faster responsiveness to recent price action.
Scalping Line (SLI) – Calculated as the difference between the fast signal line and the smoothed moving average. When the SLI crosses zero, it signals a potential momentum shift.
SLI > 0 → Momentum bias is bullish.
SLI < 0 → Momentum bias is bearish.
🎯 Trade Direction & Flexibility
Trade Direction Control:
Choose between Long Only, Short Only, or Both to tailor the system to your trading style.
Signal Flip Option:
By default, long entries occur when the SLI crosses below zero, and shorts when it crosses above zero. This orientation can be flipped, allowing for alternative interpretations of the signals depending on how you want to capture momentum in your market.
🕒 Time Window Filtering
For intraday traders, a time filter can be enabled to restrict signals to specific trading sessions (e.g., 9 AM – 4 PM EST). This is particularly useful when trading assets such as equities or futures that have strong intraday volatility windows.
📈 Visuals & Clarity
Scalping Line Plot: Displayed as a dynamic oscillator around a zero baseline.
Histogram Fill: Green when above zero (bullish bias), red when below zero (bearish bias).
Signal Markers: Clear arrows mark long and short entries at crossover points.
Zero Line Reference: A flat gray line at zero assists in visually gauging momentum shifts.
🚀 Strategy Execution
Long Entry: Triggered when SLI crosses below zero (or above zero if flip is enabled) within allowed session hours.
Short Entry: Triggered when SLI crosses above zero (or below zero if flip is enabled) within allowed session hours.
Built-in Signal Cancels: Pending entries are canceled if conditions are no longer valid, ensuring no stale trades remain active.
✅ Best Use Cases
Markets: Works across equities, forex, crypto, and futures with sufficient intraday volatility.
Timeframes: Most effective on 1m to 15m charts for scalping setups, but adaptable to higher frames for swing trading.
Style: Traders who appreciate simple, rules-based momentum crossovers will find this system easy to follow and highly adaptable.
⚠️ Risk Management Note
This strategy is strictly an entry signal framework. Position sizing, stop-loss, and take-profit rules must be overlaid based on your risk management style. Always validate results with backtesting and forward testing before applying to live trading accounts.
📜 Final Thoughts
The Scalping Line Strategy offers a refined, easy-to-interpret approach to intraday trading. By combining smoothed moving averages, adaptive filtering, and flexible signal options, it helps traders identify short-term momentum shifts with clarity and confidence, making it a highly configurable tool for scalping-focused strategies.